Extrapolation of radiation-induced cancer risks from nonhuman experimental systems to humans [[electronic resource]]

• Record Nr.: UNINA9911004715503321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Bethesda, MD, : National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, c2005
• ISBN: 1-4294-7996-5; 1-60119-213-4
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (280 p.)
• Collana: NCRP report ; ; no. 150
• Disciplina: 616.99/4071
• Soggetti: Radiation carcinogenesis; Radiation - Toxicology; Animal models in research
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: "Recommendations of the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements."; "Issued November 18, 2005."
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references (p. 194-241) and index.
• Nota di contenuto: ""Cover""; ""Preface""; ""Contents""; ""1. Executive Summary and Recommendations""; ""1.1 Why Is Extrapolation Still Required?""; ""1.2 Summary of Findings""; ""1.2.1 Historical Aspects""; ""1.2.2 Neoplastic Disease""; ""1.2.3 Somatic Genetic Damage at Molecular and Cellular Levels""; ""1.2.4 Extrapolation Models and Methods""; ""1.3 Conclusions""; ""1.4 Recommendations""; ""2. Introduction""; ""3. History of Extrapolation: Nonhuman Experimental Systems to Humans""; ""3.1 Introduction""; ""3.2 Lessons Learned from Genetic Risks""; ""3.2.1 Methods of Estimation""; ""3.2.2 Discussion of Methods of Estimating Genetic Risk""""3.2.3 Role of Genetics in the Estimation of Somatic Risks""; ""3.3 Somatic Risks""; ""4. Tissue and Organ Differences Among Species with Emphasis on the Cells of Origin of Cancers""; ""4.1 Introduction""; ""4.2 Hematopoietic System""; ""4.2.1 Introduction: Leukemias and Lymphomas""; ""4.2.2 Comparison of Radiation-Induced Leukemias Among Species""; ""4.2.3 Pathology and Dose-Response Relationships""; ""4.2.4 Comparison of Hematopoietic Systems""; ""4.2.5 Target Cells""; ""4.2.6 Comparison of Cytogenetic Processes: Common or Species-; Specific Patterns""""4.2.7 Leukemogenesis Resulting from Gene Rearrangements""; ""4.2.8 Secondary Cytogenetic Lesions Associated with Leukemia Promotion and Progression""; ""4.2.9 Hematopoietic Cell Origins of the Putative “Criticalâ€? Genic Lesions and the Nature of Induced Genic Dysfunctions""; ""4.2.10 Cooperating Oncogenes in Lymphoid Neoplasias""; ""4.2.11 Cooperating Oncogenes in Myeloid Neoplasias""; ""4.2.12 Hematopoeitic Microenvironment""; ""4.2.13 Summary""; ""4.3 Lung""; ""4.3.1 Introduction""; ""4.3.2 Adenocarcinoma""""4.3.3 Squamous-Cell Carcinoma""; ""4.3.4 Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma""; ""4.3.5 Large-Cell Carcinoma""; ""4.3.6 Summary""; ""4.4 Breast""; ""4.4.1 Histogenesis of Mammary Glands and Mammary Cancer""; ""4.4.2 Hormones and Mammary Carcinogenesis""; ""4.4.3 Cellular Origins of Mammary Cancer""; ""4.4.4 Summary""; ""4.5 Thyroid""; ""4.5.1 General Background""; ""4.5.2 Histogenesis of the Thyroid Gland and Thyroid Cancer""; ""4.5.3 Thyroid Function and its Control""; ""4.5.4 Cellular Economy of the Thyroid Gland and the Origin of Cancer""; ""4.5.5 Summary""; ""4.6 Skin""; ""4.6.1 Introduction""""4.6.2 Epidermal Cancers""; ""4.6.3 Melanoma""; ""4.6.4 Tumors of the Dermis""; ""4.6.5 Mechanisms of Epidermal Carcinogenesis""; ""4.6.6 Importance of Interactions""; ""4.6.7 Summary""; ""4.7 Gastrointestinal Tract""; ""4.7.1 Introduction""; ""4.7.2 Stomach""; ""4.7.3 Small Intestine""; ""4.7.4 Colorectal Tumors""; ""4.7.5 Summary""; ""4.8 Bone""; ""4.8.1 Humans""; ""4.8.2 Mice""; ""4.8.3 Rats""; ""4.8.4 Dogs""; ""4.8.5 Summary""; ""5. Radiation Effects at the Molecular and Cellular Levels""; ""5.1 Introduction""; ""5.2 Effects of Ionizing Radiations at the Molecular Level""