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Record Nr. |
UNINA9910996495003321 |
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Autore |
Fukushima Osamu |
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Titolo |
Higher-Form Symmetry and Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis / / by Osamu Fukushima |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Singapore : , : Springer Nature Singapore : , : Imprint : Springer, , 2025 |
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ISBN |
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Edizione |
[1st ed. 2025.] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (XIV, 75 p. 14 illus., 13 illus. in color.) |
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Collana |
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Springer Theses, Recognizing Outstanding Ph.D. Research, , 2190-5061 |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Quantum theory |
Statistical physics |
Particles (Nuclear physics) |
Quantum field theory |
Fundamental concepts and interpretations of QM |
Statistical Physics |
Elementary Particles, Quantum Field Theory |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Nota di contenuto |
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-- 1 Introduction. -- 2 Thermalization in isolated quantum systems. -- 3 Violation of the ETH in QFTs with higher-form symmetry. -- 4 Effects of projective phase on the ETH. -- 5 Conclusion and discussion. -- 6 Appendices. |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) provides a successful framework for understanding thermalization in isolated quantum systems. While extensive numerical and theoretical studies support ETH as a key mechanism for thermalization, determining whether specific systems satisfy ETH analytically remains a challenge. In quantum many-body systems and quantum field theories, ETH violations signal nontrivial thermalization processes and are gaining attention. This book explores how higher-form symmetries affect thermalization dynamics in isolated quantum systems. It analytically shows that a p-form symmetry in a $(d+1)$-dimensional quantum field theory can cause ETH breakdown for certain nontrivial $(d-p)$-dimensional |
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observables. For discrete higher-form symmetries (i.e., $p\geq 1$), thermalization fails for observables that are non-local yet much smaller than the system size, despite the absence of local conserved quantities. Numerical evidence is provided for the $(2+1)$-dimensional $\mathbb{Z}_2$ lattice gauge theory, where local observables thermalize, but non-local ones, such as those exciting a magnetic dipole, relax to a generalized Gibbs ensemble incorporating the $\mathbb{Z}_2$ 1-form symmetry. The ETH violation mechanism here involves the mixing of symmetry sectors within an energy shell—a rather difficult condition to verify. To address this, the book introduces a projective phase framework for $\mathbb{Z}_N$-symmetric theories, supported by numerical analyses of spin chains and lattice gauge theories. |
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