Rare Metal Technology 2025 / / edited by Kerstin Forsberg, Athanasios Karamalidis, Takanari Ouchi, Gisele Azimi, Shafiq Alam, Neale R. Neelameggham, Alafara Abdullahi Baba, Hong Peng, Hojong Kim

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910983304203321
• Autore: Forsberg Kerstin
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Cham : , : Springer Nature Switzerland : , : Imprint : Springer, , 2025
• ISBN: 9783031811821; 3031811828
• Edizione: [1st ed. 2025.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (280 pages)
• Collana: The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, , 2367-1696
• Altri autori (Persone): KaramalidisAthanasios; OuchiTakanari; AzimiGisele; AlamShafiq; NeelamegghamNeale R; BabaAlafara Abdullahi; PengHong; KimHojong
• Disciplina: 620.16
• Soggetti: Metals; Materials; Mineralogy; Mining engineering; Metals and Alloys; Metal-organic Frameworks; Mining and Exploration
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Sommario/riassunto: This volume presents papers from a symposium on extraction of rare metals from primary and secondary materials and residues as well as rare extraction processing techniques used in metal production. The collection covers the extraction of less common or minor metals including elements such as antimony, bismuth, barium, beryllium, ; boron, calcium, chromium, gallium, germanium, hafnium, indium, manganese, molybdenum, platinum group metals, rare earth metals, rhenium, scandium, selenium, sodium, strontium, tantalum, tellurium, and tungsten. It also includes rare metals of low-tonnage sales compared to high-tonnage metals (iron, copper, nickel, lead, tin, zinc, or light metals such as aluminum, magnesium, or titanium and electronic metalloid silicon). Rare metal processing covers biometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, and electrometallurgy while novel high-temperature processes such as microwave heating, solar-thermal reaction synthesis, and cold crucible synthesis of rare metals are also addressed. Also included in this collection is the design of extraction equipment used in these processes from suppliers as well as laboratory and pilot plant studies. .

Applied industrial energy and environmental management / / Zoran K. Morvay, Dusan D. Gvozdenac

• Record Nr.: UNINA9911019150203321
• Autore: Morvay Zoran K
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Chichester, West Sussex, U.K. ; ; Hoboken, NJ, : Wiley; [Piscataway, NJ], : IEEE Press, 2008
• ISBN: 9786611939519; 9781281939517; 128193951X; 9780470714379; 0470714379; 9780470714386; 0470714387
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (458 p.)
• Collana: Wiley - iee
• Altri autori (Persone): GvozdenacDusan D
• Disciplina: 658.2/6
• Soggetti: Factories - Energy conservation; Industries - Energy conservation; Environmental protection
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: About the Authors -- Preface -- Introductory Chapter: Framework for Energy and Environmental Management in Industry -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Energy Use by Industrial Operations -- 3. Environmental Impacts of Industrial Operations -- 4. End Use Energy Efficiency -- 5. Efficiency of Using Raw Materials -- 6. Global Energy Policy Framework -- 7. Energy and Environmental Policies -- 7.1 Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) -- 7.2 Energy Markets Deregulation and Liberalization -- 7.3 Consumers' Choice in the Liberalized Energy Market -- 7.4 Emissions Trading -- 7.5 Compulsory Energy Efficiency Programs -- 7.6 Voluntary Programs -- 8. Industries' Self-Motivation for Effective Energy and Environmental Performance -- 9. Environmentally Responsible Investing -- 10. Where to Look for Energy and Environmental Performance Improvements -- 11. Bibliography -- Part I: Energy and Environmental Management System in Industry (EEMS) -- 1. Introducing the Energy and Environmental Management System -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Definition of terms -- 1.3 Energy and Environmental Management System -- 1.4 Objectives of Energy and Environmental Management -- 1.5 Dynamics of Energy and Environmental Management -- 1.6 Human Aspects of Energy and Environmental Management -- 1.7 Initiating Training, Awareness and Motivation Programs -- 1.8 Bibliography -- 2. The Energy and Environmental Management Concept -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Interactions between Energy and Production -- 2.3 Energy Cost Centers -- 2.4 Assigning Responsibilities for Energy and Environmental Performance -- 2.6 Effective Use of Energy and Environmental Performance Indicators -- 2.7 Concept of Energy and Environmental Management System -- 2.8 Context of Energy and Environmental Management -- 2.9 Bibliography -- 3. Relationship between Energy Use and Production Volume -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Energy/Production Relationship by Design -- 3.3 Energy/Production Relationship by Standard Operational Procedure -- 3.4 Presenting the Dynamics of the Energy/Production Relationship by Scatter Diagram.; 3.5 Interpretation of Energy/Production Data Pattern on the Scatter Diagram -- 3.6 Statistical Methods for Energy/Production Variability Analysis -- 3.7 Meaning and Use of the Regression Line in Energy Performance Evaluation -- 3.8 Summary of Presenting and Analyzing the Energy/Production Relationship -- 3.9 Bibliography -- 4. Evaluating the Performance of Energy and Environmental Management Practice -- 4.1 Evaluation of Past Performance -- 4.2 Energy and Environmental Auditing -- 4.3 Evaluating Organizational Aspects -- 4.4 Evaluating Operational Aspects -- 4.5 Setting a Baseline for Monitoring Performance Improvements -- 4.6 Setting Initial Targets for Performance Improvement -- 4.7 Monitoring Energy and Environmental Performance -- 4.8 Verifying Performance Improvements - CUSUM Technique -- 4.9 Moving Toward Targets - Process of Change -- 4.10 Bibliography -- 5. Implementation of the Energy and Environmental Management System -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Phases of EEMS Implementation Process -- 5.3 Preparation and Planning -- 5.4 Implementation Plan -- 5.5 EEMS Operation -- 5.6 Learning Through EEMS Operation -- 5.7 Continuity and Communication -- 5.8 Integration of EEMS with Business Management System -- 6. Energy and Environmental Management as a Driver for Integrated Performance Management -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Integrated Performance Management in Operations -- 6.3 Strategic Aspects of Performance Management -- 6.4 Integrated Performance Measurement System -- 6.5 Integrated Performance Management -- 6.6 Conclusion -- 6.7 Bibliography -- Part II: Engineering Aspects of Industrial Energy ; Management -- 1. Introduction to Industrial Energy Systems -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Industrial Energy Systems Analysis -- 2 Industrial Steam System -- 2.1 System Description -- 2.1.1 Boilers -- 2.3 Principles of Performance Analysis -- 2.4 Analysis of Boiler Performance -- 2.5 Factors Influencing Boiler Performance -- 2.6 Opportunities for Boiler Performance Improvement -- 2.7 Software for Boiler Performance Analysis.; 2.8 Boiler Performance Monitoring -- 2.9 Steam Distribution and Condensate Return System -- 2.10 Condensate Return System -- 2.11 Environmental Impacts -- 2.12 Bibliography -- 3. Industrial Electric Power System -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Description of Industrial Electric Power Systems -- 3.3 Basic Terms -- 3.4 Tariff System -- 3.5 Main Components of Industrial Electric Power Systems -- 3.6 Performance Assessment of Industrial Electric Power Systems -- 3.7 Performance Improvement Opportunities -- 3.8 Maintenance Considerations -- 3.9 Performance Monitoring -- 3.10 Environmental Impacts -- 3.11 Bibliography -- 4. Compressed Air System -- 4.1 System Description -- 4.2 Performance Analysis -- 4.3 Performance Improvement Opportunities -- 4.4 Performance Monitoring -- 4.5 Example: Detailed Energy Audit of Compressed Air System -- 4.6 Example: Comparison of Load/Unload and Pump-up Tests -- 4.7 Bibliography -- 5. Refrigeration System -- 5.1 Description of System -- 5.2 Performance Definitions -- 5.3 Performance Analysis -- 5.4 Performance Improvement Opportunities -- 5.5 Performance Monitoring -- 5.6 Example: Improvement of ChilledWater System Operation -- 5.7 Bibliography -- 6. Industrial Cogeneration -- 6.1 System Description -- 6.2 Principles of Operation -- 6.3 Types of Industrial Cogeneration Plants -- 6.4 Operational Modes of Cogeneration Systems -- 6.5 Performance Definition -- 6.6 Factors Influencing Performance -- 6.7 Economic Aspects of Cogeneration as a Performance Improvement Measure -- 6.8 Performance Assessment -- 6.9 Performance Monitoring and Improvement -- 6.10 Environmental Impacts 415 -- 6.11 Case Study: Drying Kiln (Gas Turbine Operation Philosophy Improvement) -- 6.12 Bibliography -- Part III: Toolbox - Fundamentals for Analysis and Calculation of Energy and Environmental Performance -- Index.
• Sommario/riassunto: Industrial energy systems channel fuels and power into a variety of energy types such as steam, direct heat, hot fluids and gases, and shaft power for compressors, fans, pumps, and other machine-driven equipment. All of these processes impact the environment and are impacted by external energy and environmental policies and regulations. Therefore many environmental management issues are closely related to energy use and efficiency. Applied Industrial Energy and Environmental Management provides a comprehensive and application oriented approach to the technical and managerial challenges of efficient energy performance in industrial plants. Written by leading practitioners in the field with extensive experience of working with development banks, international aid organizations, and multinational companies, the authors are able to offer real case studies as a basis to their method. The book is divided into three main parts: . Part one describes Energy and Environmental Management Systems (EEMS) in current use and management techniques for energy and environmental performance improvement. . Part two focuses on the engineering aspects of industrial energy management, describing main industrial energy systems and how to analyse and improve their energy performance. . Part three is the TOOLBOX on an accompanying website, which contains data, analytical methods and questionnaires as well as software programs, to support the practical application of the methods ; elaborated on in the first two parts of the book. This book will be a valuable resource to practising energy and environmental management engineers, plant managers and consultants in the energy and manufacturing industries. It will also be of interest to graduate engineering and science students taking courses in industrial energy and environmental management.

Jet Sense : The Philosophy and the Art of Jet Transport Design

• Record Nr.: UNINA9911034479703321
• Autore: Pastakia Zarir D
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Warrendale : , : SAE International, , 2024; ©2024
• ISBN: 9781468606010; 1468606018; 9781468606003; 146860600X
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (265 pages)
• Soggetti: Airplanes - Design and construction; Jet transports
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di contenuto: Front Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 1: Markets and Requirements -- Chapter 2: Aircraft Sizing -- Speed of Sound -- Cruise Speed -- Thrust-Specific Fuel Consumption -- Lift-to-Drag Ratio -- Profile Drag -- Altitude Effects Related to Profile Drag -- Induced Drag or Lift-Dependent Drag -- Compressibility Drag -- The Weight Ratio -- The Aircraft Sizing Process -- The Mission -- Design Mission -- Alternate or Reserve Mission -- Alternate or Reserve Mission -- Define the Fuselage Cross Section -- Double-Deck and One-and-Half-Deck Aircraft -- Engine Selection -- Wing Sizing -- Wing Sweep -- High Sweep -- Thickness-to-Chord Ratio (t/c) -- High t/c -- Low t/c -- ; Aspect Ratio -- Taper Ratio -- Maximum Lift Coefficient -- Selecting the Wing Area -- Design Mission -- Alternate or Reserve Mission -- Design Weights -- The Initial and Optimum Cruise Altitude at MTOW -- High-Lift Devices -- High-Lift Devices and the Lift Curve Slope -- Thrust Sizing -- Take-Off Thrust Sizing -- Second Segment Climb Thrust Sizing -- Top of Climb Thrust Sizing -- Fuel Volume -- Limitations of the Sizing Method and Optimization -- Operating Cost -- Airplane Price -- Utilization -- Flight Crew Expenses -- Fuel and Oil Expenses -- Insurance Expenses -- Other Flying Operation Expenses -- Passenger Service Expenses (PSE) -- Flight Equipment Maintenance Expenses -- Flight Equipment Depreciation and Amortization Expenses -- Landing Fees -- Total Aircraft Operating Cost -- Configuring the Airplane -- Chapter 3: Fuselage Cross-Section Design -- Cross Sections of Existing Jet Transports -- Chapter 4: Fuselage Layout -- Developing the Fuselage Plan View -- Developing the Fuselage Side View -- AC 25.773-1: Criteria for Pilot Compartment Visibility -- Landing Vision -- Obstructions to Vision.; Chapter 5: Cabin Layout and Door Positioning -- Understanding the Rules and the Terminology -- Passenger Cabin Length -- Passenger Zones or Zones -- Exit Rating -- Exit Unit -- Fuselage Length Factor -- Exit Offset -- Individual Zone Passenger Capacity -- Sequential Zone Passenger Capacity -- Terminal Servicing and Other Considerations -- Chapter 6: Wing and Landing Gear Layout -- Common Wing Terminology -- Aspect Ratio -- Taper Ratio -- Thickness-to-Chord Ratio -- Dihedral -- Mean Aerodynamic Chord (MAC) -- ESDU Wing Area -- Define the ESDU Planform -- Wing Integration -- Landing Gear and Wheel Well Sizing -- Main Landing Gear -- Nose Landing Gear -- Wing Structure Considerations -- Paying Attention to the Aerodynamics -- The Process Steps -- Chapter 7: Layout of the Horizontal Tail -- Definitions -- Tail Volume Coefficient -- Reference Horizontal Tail Information -- Aspect Ratio -- Taper Ratio -- Thickness-to-Chord Ratio and Quarter-Chord Sweep -- Dihedral -- Center of Gravity -- Ice Protection -- Relaxed Stability -- Horizontal Tail Fuel Tank -- Chapter 8: Vertical Tail Layout -- The Vertical Tail Volume Coefficient -- Sizing the Vertical Tail for Aircraft with Aft Fuselage-Mounted Engines -- Aspect Ratio -- Taper Ratio -- Thickness-to-Chord Ratio and Quarter-Chord Sweep -- Ice Protection -- Chapter 9: Propulsion and the Jet Engine -- The Jet Engine -- Figures of Merit for Engine Choice -- The Inlet -- The Fan and Compressor -- The Combustion Chamber -- The Turbine -- The Nozzle -- Engine Installation -- Wing-Mounted Location -- Aft Fuselage-Mounted Location -- Chapter 10: Pulling It All Together -- Locate the Wing in Plan View [ 73 , 74 , 78 ] -- Locate the Horizontal Tail or Stabilizer in Plan View [ 73 , 74 , 78 ] -- Locate the Wing in Side View [ 73 , 74 , 78 ] -- Locate the Empennage in Side View [ 73 , 74 , 78 ] -- Other Considerations.; The General Arrangement or 3-View -- References -- Aircraft Sizing and Design -- Fuselage Design -- Wing Design -- Empennage Design -- Propulsion -- Aircraft Performance -- Economics -- Other -- Appendix A: The Standard Atmosphere -- Appendix B: Different Approaches to the Same Requirement. There Is No Substitute for Creativity and Imagination -- Specification B35/46-Summary of Aircraft Requirements [ 65 , 80 ] -- Appendix C: Rapid Estimating Methods -- Effect of Aspect Ratio on the Drag Polar -- Propulsion Scaling [ 60 ] -- Appendix D: Data on Existing Jet Transports -- Embraer 190-E2 Jet -- Design Weights -- Airbus A321neo-XLR -- Design Weights -- Airbus A330-300 -- Design Weights -- Boeing 787-9 Dreamliner -- Design Weights -- A350-900 XWB -- Design Weights -- Boeing 777-300ER -- Design Weights -- Boeing (McDonnell Douglas) MD-11 -- Design ; Weights -- Boeing 747-8 Intercontinental -- Design Weights -- Airbus A380 -- Design Weights -- Appendix E: Environmental Factors -- Noise [76, 77] -- Definitions -- Wake Vortex -- Separations and the ICAO Rules [85] -- Emissions -- The 2028 ICAO CO 2 Standard [77, 84] -- Appendix F: Freighters -- Key Vocabulary for Freighter Aircraft -- New Build Freighter -- Converted Freighter -- Revenue Payload -- Gross Structural Payload -- Cargo Volume -- Cargo Density -- Volumetric Payload -- Unit Load Device or ULD -- Pallet -- Container -- Tare Weight -- Cargo Handling System or CHS -- General Market Freighter -- Package Freighter -- Freight Aircraft Considerations -- Quick Rules of Thumb -- A Promising Future for Air Cargo and Freighter Transports -- Index -- About the Author -- Back Cover.
• Sommario/riassunto: Jet Sense: The Philosophy and the Art of Jet Transport Design by Zarir D. Pastakia provides an in-depth exploration of the principles and methodologies involved in the design of jet transport aircraft. Drawing on over 23 years of experience in the field, Pastakia shares insights into the intricate balance between art and science in aircraft design, focusing on aspects such as wing design, fuselage layout, and propulsion systems. The book is intended for aviation enthusiasts, pilots, aerospace professionals, and anyone interested in understanding the complex factors that influence the design and performance of commercial aircraft. It offers a unique perspective on both the philosophical and practical approaches to jet transport design, incorporating novel methods and industry practices.