1.

Record Nr.

UNINA9910150338303321

Autore

Murua Imanol (University of the Basque Country, Spain.)

Titolo

Ending ETA's Armed Campaign : How and Why the Basque Armed Group Abandoned Violence / / Imanol Murua

Pubbl/distr/stampa

Routledge, , 2016

ISBN

1-317-21359-9

1-315-61932-6

Descrizione fisica

1 online resource (257 pages)

Collana

Routledge Critical Terrorism Studies

Disciplina

363.3250946

Soggetti

Terrorism - Spain - History - 20th century

Terrorism - Spain - History - 21st century

Terrorism - Spain - País Vasco - History - 20th century

Terrorism - Spain - País Vasco - History - 21st century

Nationalism - Spain - País Vasco - History - 20th century

Nationalism - Spain - País Vasco - History - 21st century

País Vasco (Spain) History Autonomy and independence movements

Lingua di pubblicazione

Inglese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia

Nota di bibliografia

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Nota di contenuto

pt. 1. Historical background -- pt. 2. Facts -- pt. 3. Analysis.

Sommario/riassunto

This book explains how and why the Basque separatist armed group ETA decided to end its armed campaign against the Spanish state. The ETA's armed campaign for Basque independence lasted fifty years and led to more than 800 casualties. This book analyzes the factors that led to ETA ending its campaign of violence in 2011, despite having yet to achieve its political objectives. It explains how the Basque pro-independence movement's political leadership won an internal battle and brought ETA to a position in which abandoning violence was the only feasible choice. The work argues that the key factor leading to the cessation of violence was the loss of support for armed struggle within the pro-independence social base, and it examines why and how that support decreased so decisively. Written by a former journalist, the narrative is based on more than 30 interviews, including former members of ETA, Spanish judges, former ministers of the Spanish



government, political leaders of all Basque political parties--from the Nationalist Left to the Partido Popular (PP)--and international mediators. As such, it is the first book to recount in detail the inside story of the internal struggle within the Nationalist Left movement, and particularly between the political party Batasuna and ETA. This book will be of much interest to students of political violence, ethnic conflict, nationalism, Spanish politics, security studies, and IR.

2.

Record Nr.

UNINA9910975146803321

Autore

Sutton Bennett

Titolo

Regional Convergence in Latin America / / Bennett Sutton, Genevieve Lindow, Maria Isabel Serra, Gustavo Ramirez, Maria Fernanda Pazmino

Pubbl/distr/stampa

Washington, D.C. : , : International Monetary Fund, , 2006

ISBN

9786613828644

9781462349807

1462349803

9781452701714

1452701717

9781283516198

1283516195

9781451995329

1451995326

Edizione

[1st ed.]

Descrizione fisica

1 online resource (29 p.)

Collana

IMF Working Papers

Altri autori (Persone)

LindowGenevieve

PazminoMaria Fernanda

RamirezGustavo

SerraMaria Isabel

Soggetti

Economic development - Latin America

Agribusiness

Agricultural economics

Agricultural industries

Agricultural sector

Agriculture: General

Commercial policy

Expenditures, Public

Exports and Imports

Extractive industries

Industries: Manufacturing



Industry Studies: Manufacturing: General

Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction: General

International economics

International Trade Organizations

Manufacturing industries

Manufacturing

Mineral industries

Mining sector

National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General

Natural Resource Extraction

Public expenditure review

Public finance & taxation

Public Finance

Trade liberalization

Trade Policy

Latin America Economic conditions Regional disparities

Latin America Economic conditions

Brazil

Lingua di pubblicazione

Inglese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia

Note generali

At head of title: Western Hemisphere Department.

"May 2006."

Nota di bibliografia

Includes bibliographical references (p. 26-27).

Nota di contenuto

""Contents""; ""I. INTRODUCTION""; ""II. METHODOLOGY""; ""III. SUMMARY RESULTS FOR LATIN AMERICA""; ""IV. COUNTRY-BY-COUNTRY RESULTS""; ""V. CONCLUSIONS""; ""APPENDIX: DATA SOURCES AND DEFINITIONS""; ""REFERENCES""

Sommario/riassunto

This paper presents empirical evidence on convergence of per capita output for regions within six large middle-income Latin American countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru. It explores the role played by several exogenous sectoral shocks and differences in steady states within each country. It finds that poor and rich regions within each country converged at very low rates over the past three decades. It also finds evidence of regional "convergence clubs" within Brazil and Peru- the estimated speeds of convergence for these countries more than double after controlling for different subnational levels of steady state. For the latter countries and Chile, convergence is also higher after controlling for sector-specific shocks. Finally, results show that national disparities in per capita output increased temporarily after each country pursued trade liberalization.