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1. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910150338303321 |
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Autore |
Murua Imanol (University of the Basque Country, Spain.) |
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Titolo |
Ending ETA's Armed Campaign : How and Why the Basque Armed Group Abandoned Violence / / Imanol Murua |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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ISBN |
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1-317-21359-9 |
1-315-61932-6 |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (257 pages) |
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Collana |
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Routledge Critical Terrorism Studies |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Terrorism - Spain - History - 20th century |
Terrorism - Spain - History - 21st century |
Terrorism - Spain - País Vasco - History - 20th century |
Terrorism - Spain - País Vasco - History - 21st century |
Nationalism - Spain - País Vasco - History - 20th century |
Nationalism - Spain - País Vasco - History - 21st century |
País Vasco (Spain) History Autonomy and independence movements |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references and index. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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pt. 1. Historical background -- pt. 2. Facts -- pt. 3. Analysis. |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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This book explains how and why the Basque separatist armed group ETA decided to end its armed campaign against the Spanish state. The ETA's armed campaign for Basque independence lasted fifty years and led to more than 800 casualties. This book analyzes the factors that led to ETA ending its campaign of violence in 2011, despite having yet to achieve its political objectives. It explains how the Basque pro-independence movement's political leadership won an internal battle and brought ETA to a position in which abandoning violence was the only feasible choice. The work argues that the key factor leading to the cessation of violence was the loss of support for armed struggle within the pro-independence social base, and it examines why and how that support decreased so decisively. Written by a former journalist, the narrative is based on more than 30 interviews, including former members of ETA, Spanish judges, former ministers of the Spanish |
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government, political leaders of all Basque political parties--from the Nationalist Left to the Partido Popular (PP)--and international mediators. As such, it is the first book to recount in detail the inside story of the internal struggle within the Nationalist Left movement, and particularly between the political party Batasuna and ETA. This book will be of much interest to students of political violence, ethnic conflict, nationalism, Spanish politics, security studies, and IR. |
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2. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910975146803321 |
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Autore |
Sutton Bennett |
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Titolo |
Regional Convergence in Latin America / / Bennett Sutton, Genevieve Lindow, Maria Isabel Serra, Gustavo Ramirez, Maria Fernanda Pazmino |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Washington, D.C. : , : International Monetary Fund, , 2006 |
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ISBN |
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9786613828644 |
9781462349807 |
1462349803 |
9781452701714 |
1452701717 |
9781283516198 |
1283516195 |
9781451995329 |
1451995326 |
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Edizione |
[1st ed.] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (29 p.) |
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Collana |
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Altri autori (Persone) |
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LindowGenevieve |
PazminoMaria Fernanda |
RamirezGustavo |
SerraMaria Isabel |
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Soggetti |
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Economic development - Latin America |
Agribusiness |
Agricultural economics |
Agricultural industries |
Agricultural sector |
Agriculture: General |
Commercial policy |
Expenditures, Public |
Exports and Imports |
Extractive industries |
Industries: Manufacturing |
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Industry Studies: Manufacturing: General |
Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction: General |
International economics |
International Trade Organizations |
Manufacturing industries |
Manufacturing |
Mineral industries |
Mining sector |
National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General |
Natural Resource Extraction |
Public expenditure review |
Public finance & taxation |
Public Finance |
Trade liberalization |
Trade Policy |
Latin America Economic conditions Regional disparities |
Latin America Economic conditions |
Brazil |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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At head of title: Western Hemisphere Department. |
"May 2006." |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references (p. 26-27). |
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Nota di contenuto |
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""Contents""; ""I. INTRODUCTION""; ""II. METHODOLOGY""; ""III. SUMMARY RESULTS FOR LATIN AMERICA""; ""IV. COUNTRY-BY-COUNTRY RESULTS""; ""V. CONCLUSIONS""; ""APPENDIX: DATA SOURCES AND DEFINITIONS""; ""REFERENCES"" |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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This paper presents empirical evidence on convergence of per capita output for regions within six large middle-income Latin American countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru. It explores the role played by several exogenous sectoral shocks and differences in steady states within each country. It finds that poor and rich regions within each country converged at very low rates over the past three decades. It also finds evidence of regional "convergence clubs" within Brazil and Peru- the estimated speeds of convergence for these countries more than double after controlling for different subnational levels of steady state. For the latter countries and Chile, convergence is also higher after controlling for sector-specific shocks. Finally, results show that national disparities in per capita output increased temporarily after each country pursued trade liberalization. |
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