1.

Record Nr.

UNINA9910975021703321

Autore

Haacker Markus

Titolo

The Macroeconomics of HIV/AIDS / / Markus Haacker

Pubbl/distr/stampa

Washington, D.C. : , : International Monetary Fund, , 2004

ISBN

9786613848079

9781462347193

1462347193

9781455242719

1455242713

9781283535625

1283535629

9781455255757

1455255750

Edizione

[1st ed.]

Descrizione fisica

1 online resource (363 p.)

Disciplina

362.196/9792/0091724

Soggetti

AIDS (Disease) - Economic aspects - Developing countries

Labor

Macroeconomics

Diseases: AIDS and HIV

Health Policy

Health Behavior

Health: General

Analysis of Health Care Markets

Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions

Human Capital

Skills

Occupational Choice

Labor Productivity

Education: General

HIV/AIDS

Health economics

Labour

income economics

Health systems & services

Education

HIV and AIDS

Health

Health care



Personal income

Human capital

National accounts

HIV

Viruses

Income

Medical care

Hiv and AIDS

Hiv

Hiv/AIDS

Income economics

Botswana

Lingua di pubblicazione

Inglese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia

Note generali

Description based upon print version of record.

Nota di bibliografia

Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters.

Nota di contenuto

""Contents""; ""Preface""; ""Foreword""; ""Contributors""; ""1. The Demographic Impact of HIV/AIDS""; ""2. HIV/AIDS: The Impact on the Social Fabric and the Economy""; ""3. Thinking About the Long-Run Economic Costs of AIDS""; ""4. AIDS and the Accumulation and Utilization of Human Capital in Africa""; ""5. The Impact of HIV/AIDS on Poverty and Inequality""; ""6. Welfare Implications of HIV/AIDS""; ""7. The Impact of HIV/AIDS on Government Finance and Public Services""; ""8. Financial Effects of HIV/AIDS on National Social Protection Schemes""

""9. An Economic Assessment of Botswana's National Strategic Framework for HIV/AIDS""""10. Impact of the HIV/AIDS Epidemic on the Health Sectors of Developing Countries""; ""Boxes""; ""Figures""; ""Tables""

Sommario/riassunto

This paper analyzes the macroeconomics of HIV/AIDS. The paper highlights that the mortality and morbidity associated with AIDS make it unlike most other types of sickness and disease. The paper describes the most common approaches used in accounting for growth in the context of an HIV/AIDS epidemic. The impact of HIV/AIDS on education and the accumulation of human capital is discussed. The paper also discusses the impact of HIV/AIDS on the public sector, and elaborates certain demographic events specific to the HIV/AIDS pandemic.



2.

Record Nr.

UNINA9910437987003321

Autore

Hasan Ashfaq

Titolo

Handbook of blood gas/acid-base interpretation / / Ashfaq Hasan

Pubbl/distr/stampa

New York, : Springer, 2013

ISBN

1-4471-4315-9

Edizione

[2nd ed.]

Descrizione fisica

1 online resource (345 p.)

Disciplina

616.07561

Soggetti

Blood gases - Analysis

Acid-base imbalances

Lingua di pubblicazione

Inglese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia

Note generali

Description based upon print version of record.

Nota di bibliografia

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Nota di contenuto

Handbook of Blood Gas/Acid-Base InterpretationSecond Edition; Copyright Page; Dedication; Preface to the Second Edition; Preface to the First Edition; Contents; Chapter 1: Gas Exchange; 1.1 The Respiratory Centre; 1.2 Rhythmicity of the Respiratory Centre; 1.3 The Thoracic Neural Receptors; 1.4 Chemoreceptors; 1.5 The Central Chemoreceptors and the Alpha-Stat Hypothesis; 1.6 Peripheral Chemoreceptors; 1.7 Chemoreceptors in Hypoxia; 1.8 Response of the Respiratory Centre to Hypoxemia; 1.9 Respiration; 1.10 Partial Pressure of a Mixture of Gases; 1.10.1 Atmospheric Pressure; 1.10.2 Gas Pressure

1.11 Partial Pressure of a Gas1.12 The Fractional Concentration of a Gas (F gas); 1.13 Diffusion of Gases; 1.14 Henry's Law and the Solubility of a Gas in Liquid; 1.15 Inhaled Air; 1.16 The O 2 Cascade; 1.17 PaO 2; 1.18 The Modified Alveolar Gas Equation; 1.19 The Determinants of the Alveolar Gas Equation; 1.20 The Respiratory Quotient (RQ) in the Alveolar Air Equation; 1.21 FIO 2, PAO 2, PaO 2 and CaO 2; 1.22 DO 2, CaO 2, SpO 2, PaO 2 and FIO 2; 1.23 O 2 Content: An Illustrative Example; 1.24 Mechanisms of Hypoxemia; 1.25 Processes Dependent Upon Ventilation

1.26 Defining Hypercapnia (Elevated CO 2)1.27 Factors That Determine PaCO 2 Levels; 1.28 Relationship Between CO 2 Production and Elimination; 1.29 Exercise, CO 2 Production and PaCO 2; 1.30 Dead Space; 1.31 Minute Ventilation and Alveolar Ventilation; 1.32 The Determinants of the PaCO 2; 1.33 Alveolar Ventilation in Health and



Disease; 1.34 Hypoventilation and PaCO 2; 1.35 The Causes of Hypoventilation; 1.36 Blood Gases in Hypoventilation; 1.37 Decreased CO 2 Production; 1.37.1 Summary: Conditions That Can Result in Hypercapnia; 1.38 V/Q Mismatch: A Hypothetical Model

1.39 V/Q Mismatch and Shunt1.40 Quantifying Hypoxemia; 1.41 Compensation for Regional V/Q Inequalities; 1.42 Alveolo-Arterial Diffusion of Oxygen (A-aDO 2); 1.43 A-aDO 2 is Difficult to Predict on Intermediate Levels of FIO 2; 1.44 Defects of Diffusion; 1.45 Determinants of Diffusion: DL CO; 1.46 Timing the ABG; 1.47 A-aDO 2 Helps in Differentiating Between the Different Mechanisms of Hypoxemia; Chapter 2: The Non-Invasive Monitoring of Blood Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Levels; 2.1 The Structure and Function of Haemoglobin; 2.2 Co-operativity; 2.3 The Bohr Effect and the Haldane Effect

2.4 Oxygenated and Non-oxygenated Hemoglobin2.5 PaO 2 and the Oxy-hemoglobin Dissociation Curve; 2.6 Monitoring of Blood Gases; 2.6.1 Invasive O 2 Monitoring; 2.6.2 The Non-invasive Monitoring of Blood Gases; 2.7 Principles of Pulse Oximetry; 2.8 Spectrophotometry; 2.9 Optical Plethysmography; 2.10 Types of Pulse Oximeters; 2.11 Pulse Oximetry and PaO 2; 2.12 P 50; 2.13 Shifts in the Oxy-hemoglobin Dissociation Curve; 2.14 Oxygen Saturation (SpO 2) in Anemia and Skin Pigmentation; 2.15 Oxygen Saturation (SpO 2) in Abnormal Forms of Hemoglobin; 2.16 Mechanisms of Hypoxemia in Methemoglobinemia

2.17 Methemoglobinemias: Classification

Sommario/riassunto

Analysis of blood gas can be a daunting task. However, it is still one of the most useful laboratory tests in managing respiratory and metabolic disorders. Busy medical students have struggled ineffectively with Hasselbach’s modification of the Henderson equation, been torn between the Copenhagen and the Boston schools of thought; and lately, been confronted with the radically different strong-ion approach. In modern medical practice, the health provider’s time is precious: it is crucial to retain focus on those aspects of clinical medicine that are of key importance. Adoption of an algorithm-based approach in the study of topics that are hard to understand (particularly those that are rooted in clinical physiology) can be extremely advantageous. Handbook of Blood Gas/Acid-Base Interpretation, 2nd edition, is organized in a logical sequence of flow charts that introduce concepts and gradually build upon them. This approach facilitates understanding and retention of the subject matter. Medical students, residents, nurses, and practitioners of respiratory and intensive care will find it possible to quickly grasp the principles underlying respiratory and acid-base physiology, and apply them effectively in clinical decision making.