Fires in silos [[electronic resource] ] : hazards, prevention, and fire fighting / / edited by Ulrich Krause

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910146116203321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Weinheim, : Wiley-VCH, c2009
• ISBN: 1-282-02177-X; 9786612021770; 3-527-62382-5; 3-527-62381-7
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (158 p.)
• Altri autori (Persone): KrauseUlrich, Dr.
• Disciplina: 363.379
• Soggetti: Silos - Fires and fire prevention; Fire extinction; Chemical plants - Risk assessment; Electronic books.
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Fires in Silos: Hazards, Prevention, and Fire Fighting; Contents; Preface; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Problem Description; 1.2 Influence of Material Properties on Fire; 1.2.1 Particle Size Distribution, Particle Shape and Internal Surface Area; 1.2.2 Bulk Porosity and Bulk Density; 1.2.3 Porosity of Individual Particles; 1.2.4 Particle Density; 1.2.5 Humidity; 1.3 Chemical Properties of Bulk Goods; 1.3.1 Chemical Structure; 1.3.2 Heat of Formation and Calorific Value; References; 2 Ignition Sources; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 External Ignition Sources; 2.2.1 Hot Solids, Liquids or Gases; 2.2.1.1 Ignition of Gases by Hot Solids2.2.1.2 Ignition of Dust Clouds by Hot Solids; 2.2.1.3 Ignition of Solids by Hot Solids; 2.2.2 Flames or Remote Burning Objects; 2.2.3 Electric Current, Static Electricity, Electromagnetic Waves and Particulate Radiation; 2.2.3.1 Electric Current; 2.2.3.2 Static Electricity; 2.3 Self-Heating; 2.4 Physical Characteristics of Self-Ignition Processes and Smoldering Fire Propagation; References; 3 Fire Risk Assessment; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Experimental Techniques; 3.2.1 Ignition Sensitivity; 3.2.1.1 Minimum ; Ignition Temperature (MIT); 3.2.1.2 Minimum Explosible Concentration (Lower Explosion Limit (MEC/LEL))3.2.1.3 Minimum Ignition Energy (MIE); 3.2.2 Explosion Severity; 3.2.2.1 Explosion Pressure (Pmax ); 3.2.2.2 Maximum Rate of Pressure Rise (dp/dt); 3.2.2.3 Kmax Specific Constant; 3.2.3 Thermal Susceptibility; 3.2.3.1 Maciejasz Index (MI); 3.2.3.2 Temperature of Emission of Flammable Volatiles (TEV); 3.2.3.3 Thermogravimetry (TG) Test; 3.2.3.4 Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC); 3.2.3.5 Susceptibility Evaluation: Activation Energy (Ea); 3.2.3.6 Susceptibility Evaluation: Characteristic Oxidation Temperature (Tcharac )3.2.4 Thermal Stability; 3.2.4.1 Self-Ignition Temperature (SIT); 3.2.5 Classication of Solid Dangerous Goods; 3.2.5.1 Solids which are Readily Combustible; 3.2.5.2 Substances Liable to Spontaneous Combustion; 3.2.5.3 Substances which, in Contact with Water, Release Flammable Gases; 3.2.5.4 Oxidizing Substances; 3.2.6 Other Tests; 3.2.6.1 Flammability; 3.2.6.2 Burning Behavior; 3.2.6.3 Grewer Oven; 3.2.6.4 Impact Sensitivity; 3.2.6.5 Friction Sensitivity; References; 4 Explosion Risk and Protection; 4.1 Essential Conditions for Explosion Occurrence4.2 Parameters of Dust Explosion; Denitions; 4.3 Some Physical and Chemical Properties of Agricultural Dusts; 4.4 Explosion Characteristics; 4.5 Propagation of Explosion; 4.6 Dynamics of Explosions in Long Ducts and Galleries; 4.7 Causes of Fires and Fire-Explosion Protection; 4.7.1 Age of the Facilities, Maintenance and Repair Work; 4.7.2 Nature of Processed Materials; 4.7.3 Ignition Sources; 4.7.4 Plant Operation; 4.7.5 Type of Buildings and Facilities; 4.7.6 Equipment for Dust Collection; 4.7.7 Plant Automation; 4.7.8 Human Factor; 4.8 Fire and Explosion Prevention and Protection in the Storage of Agro, Feed and Food Products
• Sommario/riassunto: Providing many lessons learned from past silo fires coupled with in-depth knowledge from experts, this book explains current prevention measures in detail -- helping to prevent future damage.It covers numerous types of fire detection devices and fire fighting equipment, backed by extensive data tables listing fire and explosion characteristics of bulk materials, color photographs of silos on fire and documentation of firefighters' actions. In addition, diagrams and formulas as well as pre-prepared check lists are included for risk assessment and fire fighting actions.Possibly lifesavin

Pulp and paper chemistry and technology . Volume 1 Wood chemistry and wood biotechnology / / edited by Monica Ek, Goran Gellerstedt, Gunnar Henriksson

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910974472703321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Berlin, : De Gruyter, c2009
• ISBN: 9786612456916; 9781523116539; 1523116536; 9781282456914; 1282456911; 9783110213409; 3110213400
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (320 p.)
• Collana: Pulp and Paper Chemistry and Technology ; ; Volume 1
• Classificazione: VN 5490
• Altri autori (Persone): EkMonica; GellerstedtGöran; HenrikssonGunnar
• Disciplina: 676/.2; 674.13
• Soggetti: Wood - Chemistry; Wood - Biotechnology; Wood-pulp; Papermaking - Chemistry
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Frontmatter -- Contents -- 1. The Worldwide Wood Resource -- 2. The Trees -- 3. Wood and Fibre Morphology -- 4. Cellulose and Carbohydrate Chemistry -- 5. Hemicelluloses and Pectins -- 6. Lignin -- 7. Wood Extractives -- 8. Cellulose Products and Chemicals from Wood -- 9. Analytical Methods -- 10. Biological Wood Degradation -- 11. Enzymes Degrading Wood Components -- 12. Biotechnology in the Forest Industry -- Backmatter
• Sommario/riassunto: This four volume set covers the entire spectrum of pulp and paper chemistry and technology from starting material to processes and ; products including market demands. This work is essential for all students of wood science and a useful reference for those working in the pulp and paper industry or on the chemistry of renewable resources. Volume 1 provides a survey of the biological and chemical structure of wood as well as an introduction to the chemical reactions used during pulp production processes. The work presents the different raw materials used for pulp production, the macroscopic and morphological construction of wood and related characterization methods, the chemical structure and arrangement of the wood polymers and extractives, biosynthesis of wood polymers, carbohydrate and lignin analysis, reactions of wood polymers in mechanical and chemical pulping and bleaching processes, biotechnical processes of relevance for the pulp and paper industry, different types of microorganisms and their modes of interaction with wood, the impact of chemical and microbiological processes on the hierarchical structure of wood and pulp.