Invasion biology [[electronic resource] /] / Mark A. Davis

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910782807303321
• Autore: Davis Mark A. <1950->
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Oxford ; ; New York, : Oxford University Press, 2009
• ISBN: 1-383-03585-7; 1-282-05780-4; 9786612057809; 0-19-155119-8
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (259 p.)
• Disciplina: 577/.18
• Soggetti: Biological invasions; Nonindigenous pests - Control
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references (p. 195-233) and indexes.
• Nota di contenuto: Preface; Acknowledgements; Contents; 1 Introduction; PART I: The invasion process; PART II: Impacts and management; PART III: Reflections; References; Geographic index; Taxonomic index; Subject index
• Sommario/riassunto: This is an up-to-date overview of the field of invasion biology, which includes an overview of the science, the impacts, and management of invasive species, as well as a critical assessment of the field itself. - ;With the exception of climate change, biological invasions have probably received more attention during the past ten years than any other ecological topic. Yet this is the first synthetic, single-authored overview of the field since Williamson's 1996 book. Written fifty years after the publication of Elton's pioneering monograph on the subject, Invasion Biology provides a comprehensi

Orthogonal sets and polar methods in linear algebra : applications to matrix calculations, systems of equations, inequalities, and linear programming / / Enrique Castillo ... [et al.]

• Record Nr.: UNINA9911020350103321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: New York, : Wiley, c1999
• ISBN: 9786613306234; 9781283306232; 1283306239; 9781118032893; 1118032896; 9781118031148; 1118031148
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (440 p.)
• Collana: Pure and applied mathematics
• Altri autori (Persone): CastilloEnrique <1946->
• Disciplina: 512.5
• Soggetti: Algebras, Linear; Orthogonalization methods
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references (p. 415-418) and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Orthogonal Sets and Polar Methods in Linear Algebra: Applications to Matrix Calculations, Systems of Equations, Inequalities, and Linear Programming; Contents; Part I Linear Spaces and Systems of Equations; 1 Basic Concepts; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Linear space; 1.3 The Euclidean Space En; 1.4 Orthogonal Sets and Decompositions; 1.5 Matrices; 1.6 Systems of Linear Equations; Exercises; 2 Orthogonal Sets; 2.1 Introduction and Motivation; 2.2 Orthogonal Decompositions; 2.3 The Orthogonalization Module; 2.4 Mathematica Program; Exercises; 3 Matrix Calculations Using Orthogonal Sets; 3.1 Introduction3.2 Inverting a Matrix; 3.3 The Rank of a Matrix; 3.4 Calculating the Determinant of a Matrix; 3.5 Algorithm for Matrix Calculations; 3.6 Complexity; 3.7 Inverses and Determinants of Row-Modified Matrices; 3.8 Inverses of Symbolic Matrices; 3.9 Extensions to Partitioned Matrices; 3.10 Inverses of Modified Matrices; 3.11 Mathematica Programs; Exercises; 4 More Applications of Orthogonal ; Sets; 4.1 Intersection of Two Linear Subspaces; 4.2 Reciprocals Images in Linear Transformations; 4.3 Other Applications; 4.4 Mathematica Programs; Exercises; 5 Orthogonal Sets and Systems of Linear Equations5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Compatibility of a System of Linear Equations; 5.3 Solving a System of Linear Equations; 5.4 Complexity; 5.5 Checking Systems Equivalence; 5.6 Solving a System in Some Selected Variables; 5.7 Modifying Systems of Equations; 5.8 Applications; 5.9 Mathematica Programs; Exercises; Appendix: Proof of Lemma 5.2; Part II Cones and Systems of Inequalities; 6 Polyhedral Convex Cones; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Convex Sets; 6.3 Types of Linear Combinations; 6.4 Polyhedral Convex Cones; 6.5 The Г -Process; 6.6 The Complete Г-Algorithm; 6.7 Mathematica ProgramExercises; 7 Polytopes and Polyhedra; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 Polytopes; 7.3 Polyhedra; Exercises; 8 Cones and Systems of Inequalities; 8.1 Introduction; 8.2 A Discussion of Linear Systems; 8.3 Solving Linear Systems; 8.4 Applications to Linear Programming; Exercises; Part III Linear Programming; 9 An Introduction to Linear Programming; 9.1 Introduction; 9.2 Problem Statement and Basic Definitions; 9.3 Linear Programming Problem in Standard Form; 9.4 Basic Solutions; 9.5 Duality; Exercises; 10 The Exterior Point Method; 10.1 Introduction; 10.2 The Exterior Point Method; 10.3 Making the EPM More Efficient10.4 Complexity; 10.5 Recovering the Final Tableau from the Solution; 10.6 Modifying a Linear Programming Problem; Exercises; Part IV Applications; 11 Applications; 11.1 Introduction; 11.2 Matrix Analysis of Engineering Structures; 11.3 The Transportation Problem; 11.4 Production-Scheduling Problems; 11.5 The Input-Output Tables; 11.6 The Diet Problem; 11.7 Network Flow Problems; Exercises; Part V Appendices; Appendix A: A Java Application; A.l How to Use the Program; Appendix B: List of Notation; References; Index
• Sommario/riassunto: A unique, applied approach to problem solving in linear algebraDeparting from the standard methods of analysis, this unique book presents methodologies and algorithms based on the concept of orthogonality and demonstrates their application to both standard and novel problems in linear algebra. Covering basic theory of linear systems, linear inequalities, and linear programming, it focuses on elegant, computationally simple solutions to real-world physical, economic, and engineering problems. The authors clearly explain the reasons behind the analysis of different structures and concept

Seafood safety / / Committee on Evaluation of the Safety of Fishery Products, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine ; Farid E. Ahmed, editor

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910974428603321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1991
• ISBN: 9786610211968; 9781280211966; 1280211962; 9780309537223; 0309537223; 9780585028248; 0585028249
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (448 p.)
• Altri autori (Persone): AhmedFarid E
• Disciplina: 363.19/29
• Soggetti: Seafood - Health aspects; Seafood - Safety measures; Seafood - Contamination; Fishes - microbiology; Food Contamination; Food Inspection - standards; Foodborne Diseases - prevention & control; Food Supply - standards; Marine Toxins; Quality Control; Shellfish Poisoning
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: SEAFOOD SAFETY -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- 1 Executive Summary -- OVERVIEW -- NATURE AND EXTENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH RISKS -- General -- Microorganisms and Parasites -- Extent of Risk -- Principal Conclusions -- Principal Recommendations -- Natural Toxins ; -- Extent of Risk -- Principal Conclusions -- Principal Recommendations -- Chemical Residues -- Extent of Risk -- Principal Conclusions -- Principal Recommendations -- SCOPE AND ADEQUACY OF CURRENT SEAFOOD SAFETY PROGRAMS -- Regulatory Guidelines, Monitoring, and Inspection -- Principal Conclusions -- Principal Recommendations -- OPTIONS FOR REDUCING PUBLIC HEALTH RISKS -- Monitoring, Control, and Surveillance Measures -- Characteristics of Control Requirements -- Legislative Considerations -- Education and Information Measures -- Recommendations for Improved Inspection Strategies -- POTENTIAL IMPACT OF PROPOSED OPTIONS -- DIRECTION FOR DATA COLLECTION AND FUTURE RESEARCH -- 2 Seafood Production, Distribution, and Consumption -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- DEMOGRAPHICS OF THE SEAFOOD INDUSTRY -- FISHERY RESOURCES -- AQUACULTURE -- CONSUMPTION TRENDS -- ACTIVITIES IN OTHER COUNTRIES -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- 3 Microbiological and Parasitic Exposure and Health Effects -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- PATHOGENS NATURALLY PRESENT IN MARINE OR FRESHWATER ENVIRONMENTS -- Naturally Occurring Marine Bacteria Associated with Human Disease -- Vibrio cholerae O1 -- Epidemiology and risk assessment -- Disease control -- Non-O1 Vibrio cholerae (V. cholerae of O Groups Other Than 1) -- Epidemiology and risk assessment -- Disease control -- Vibrio parahaemolyticus -- Epidemiology and risk assessment -- Disease control -- Vibrio vulnificus -- Epidemiology and risk assessment -- Disease control -- Other Vibrio Species -- Aeromonas -- Plesiomonas.; Helminthic Agents Present in Seafood -- Trematodes -- Cestodes -- Nematodes -- Other Nematodes -- PATHOGENS ASSOCIATED WITH FECAL POLLUTION OF THE MARINE OR FRESHWATER ENVIRONMENT -- Viral Human Enteric Pathogens -- Hepatitis Type A (Enterovirus Type 72) -- Caliciviruses and Astroviruses -- Unclassified Viruses -- Disease Control for Human Enteric Viruses -- PROCESSING, DISTRIBUTION, AND PREPARATION-RELATED PUBLIC HEALTH HAZARDS -- Bacterial Pathogens -- Salmonella -- Epidemiology and risk assessment -- Disease control -- Campylobacter jejuni -- Escherichia coli -- Yersinia enterocolitica -- Listeria -- Epidemiology and risk assessment -- Disease control -- Clostridium botulinum -- Epidemiology and risk assessment -- Disease control -- Shigella -- Staphylococcus aureus -- Viral Pathogens -- Impact of Processing Technology -- Heat Treatment -- Modified Atmospheres and Vacuum Packaging -- PUBLIC HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT -- Risk Assessment -- Hazard Identification -- Dose-Response Assessment -- Exposure Assessment -- Risk Characterization -- Risk Management -- Pathogens in Marine or Freshwater Environments -- Pathogens Associated with Pollution -- Pathogens Associated with Processing and Distribution -- Imports -- Future Risk -- Ethnic foods and regional considerations -- Aquaculture -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- Conclusions -- Raw Molluscan Shellfish -- Other Seafoods -- Recommendations -- Specific Recommendations for Raw Molluscan Shellfish -- General Recommendations for All Seafoods -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- 4 Naturally Occurring Fish and Shellfish Poisons -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- SPECIFIC INTOXICATIONS -- Ciguatera -- Scombroid (Histamine) Fish Poisoning -- Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) -- Neurotoxic Shellfish Poisoning (NSP) -- Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) -- Puffer Fish Poisoning (PFP) -- Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP).; Other Toxins -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- NOTE -- REFERENCES -- 5 Occurrence of Chemical Contaminants in Seafood and ; Variability of Contaminant Levels -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- TOXIC AGENTS AND POTENTIAL TYPES OF HEALTH EFFECTS -- Metals and Other Inorganics -- Specific Trace Metals -- Arsenic -- Cadmium -- Lead -- Mercury -- Selenium -- Organic Compounds -- Specific Organics -- Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) -- Dioxins -- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) -- Chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides -- Contamination Problems in Aquaculture -- Sulfonamides -- Antibiotics -- Nitrofurans -- Conclusions -- Contaminants as a Result of Processing -- Nitrosamines -- Products of chlorination, bromination, and iodination -- Residues of ozonation -- Sulfites -- DATA ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION -- Introduction -- National Status and Trends Program -- Federal Survey of PCBs in Atlantic Coast Bluefish -- National Contaminant Biomonitoring Program -- Regional Reports -- EVIDENCE FOR TRACE-METAL AND ORGANIC CONTAMINATION -- Molluscan Shellfish -- Trace Metals -- Arsenic (As) -- Cadmium (Cd) -- Lead (Pb) -- Mercury (Hg) -- Selenium (Se) -- Organics -- Polychlorinated biphenyls -- Polyaromatic hydrocarbons -- Chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides -- Finfish -- Trace Metals -- Arsenic -- Cadmium -- Lead -- Mercury -- Selenium -- Organics -- Polychlorinated biphenyls -- Dioxins -- Chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides -- Conclusions -- POTENTIAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR REDUCING EXPOSURES -- Analysis of Potential Benefits from Geographic Restrictions on Harvesting/Marketing -- Analysis of Potential for Reducing Population Exposure to Mercury from Swordfish and PCBs from Bluefish via Size Restrictions -- NOTES -- APPENDIX TO CHAPTER 5 -- PRESENT STATUS OF DOSE-RESPONSE DATA FOR TRACE METALS OF GREATEST POTENTIAL TOXICITY -- Arsenic -- Cadmium.; Lead -- Mercury -- Selenium -- Conclusions -- REFERENCES -- 6 Chemical Health Risk Assessment-Critique of Existing Practices and Suggestions for Improvement -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- BROAD CATEGORIZATION OF MECHANISMS OF DIFFERENT ADVERSE EFFECTS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS -- Traditional Acute Toxicity -- Traditional Chronic Toxicity -- Molecular Biological (Stochastic Process) Diseases -- Chronic Cumulative Conditions -- CRITIQUE OF RISK ASSESSMENTS USED IN FORMULATING CONTAMINANT GUIDELINES/TOLERANCES FOR SPECIFIC CHEMICALS AND SUGGESTIONS… -- Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) -- Background -- FDA Assessment of Costs and Risks for PCBs in Fish -- Suggestions for Improved Analysis -- Methylmercury -- FDA Risk Assessment and Current Regulations -- Available Data on Blood Levels in the U.S. Population -- Methylmercury dose, blood levels, and population risks -- Conclusions and Recommendations for Changes in Risk Assessment Practices -- ESTIMATING HUMAN INTAKE OF CONTAMINANTS FROM SEAFOOD AND SOME ASSOCIATED RISKS -- Review of Data Bases Available for Estimating Exposures -- FDA Total Diet Study -- FDA Pesticide Monitoring Files -- National Marine Fisheries Service Survey -- Fisheries of the United States, 1987 -- Exposures from Sport, Subsistence, and Tribal Fishing -- Exposures from Commercial Seafood -- Dietary Intake of Seafood of Various Species -- Inorganic Contaminant Exposures and Suggested Acceptable Intake -- Use of NMFS Survey of Trace-Element Data -- Antimony -- Arsenic -- Cadmium -- Chromium -- Lead -- Mercury -- Selenium -- Estimates Of Cancer Risks From Organic Contaminants -- Comparison of Imported and Domestic Seafood -- Exposures from Sport, Subsistence, and Tribal Fishing -- Puget Sound Contaminated Recreational Fish Study -- Regional Studies of Contaminants -- Atlantic Coast Bluefish Contamination.; Southern California Sport Fishery -- Conclusions -- Consumer Information and Labeling Programs, and Fishing Advisories -- PROBABLE HEALTH RISKS FROM FISH AND SHELLFISH CONSUMPTION-RECOMMENDATIONS FOR RESEARCH -- Classic Acute and Chronic Toxic Effects -- Reproductive Effects -- Carcinogenesis -- Chronic Cumulative Toxic Effects -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- Significance of the Risk -- Potential for Control -- Performance of Current Federal Regulatory Authorities in Assessing and Managing Risks -- Data Gathering for Risk and Control Analysis -- Risk Assessment Practices -- Risk Management -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- 7 Statistical Sampling Issues in the Control of Seafood Hazards -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- SURVEILLANCE AND COMPLIANCE SAMPLING -- ATTRIBUTES AND VARIABLES SAMPLING PLANS -- Two-Class Attributes Plans -- Three-Class Attributes Plans -- Most Probable Number (MPN) -- SURVEY OF CURRENT SAMPLING PLANS -- Salmonella Sampling Plans -- Staphylococcus aureus Plans -- Plans for Fish, Fresh or Frozen -- Fish-Adulteration by Parasites -- Crabmeat-Adulteration with Filth Containing Escherichia coli -- Langostinos-Adulteration by Bacterial Contamination -- Canned Salmon-Adulteration Involving Decomposition -- Shrimp - Adulteration Involving Decomposition -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- 8 Seafood Surveillance and Control Programs -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- RESPONSIBILITIES AND PROGRAMS OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT -- Standards and Guidelines -- Tolerances -- Action Levels -- Seafood Deemed Injurious to Public Health -- National Shellfish Sanitation Program -- Inspection and Enforcement -- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency -- U.S. Food and Drug Administration -- Import control program -- Routine and periodic surveys for residual chemicals -- National Marine Fisheries Service -- Training and Educational Programs.; Public Health Monitoring.
• Sommario/riassunto: Can Americans continue to add more seafood to their diets without fear of illness or even death? Seafood-caused health problems are not widespread, but consumers are at risk from seafood-borne microbes and toxins--with consequences that can range from mild enteritis to fatal illness. At a time when legislators and consumer groups are seeking a sound regulatory approach, Seafood Safety presents a comprehensive set of practical recommendations for ensuring the safety of the seafood supply. This volume presents the first-ever overview of the field, covering seafood consumption patterns, where and how seafood contamination occurs, and the effectiveness of regulation. A wealth of technical information is presented on the sources of contamination--microbes, natural toxins, and chemical pollutants--and their effects on human health. The volume evaluates methods used for risk assessment and inspection sampling.