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Record Nr. |
UNINA9910154737803321 |
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Autore |
Maddy Penelope |
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Titolo |
What do philosophers do? : skepticism and the practice of philosophy / / Penelope Maddy |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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New York, NY : , : Oxford University Press, , 2017 |
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ISBN |
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0-19-061871-X |
0-19-061872-8 |
0-19-061870-1 |
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Descrizione fisica |
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Collana |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Previously issued in print: 2017. |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references and index. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Part I: The Dream Argument -- 1. Descartes on dreaming -- 2. Stroud on dreaming -- 3. Stroud versus Austin -- Part II: The Argument from Illusion -- 1. The argument -- 2. Shortcomings of the argument -- 3. Why is the argument so appealing? -- 4. From the argument to skepticism -- 5. Back to dreaming -- Part III: The Cure and Beyond -- 1. Moore -- 2. Wittgenstein -- 3. Beyond -- Appendix A: The infinite regress of justification -- Appendix B: The closure argument. |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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'What Do Philosophers Do?' takes up the leading arguments for radical skepticism from an everyday point of view. A range of philosophical methods are examined and employed, for a revealing portrait of what philosophers do, and perhaps a quiet suggestion for what they should do, for what they do best. |
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2. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910973753903321 |
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Titolo |
Uncommon measures : equivalence and linkage among educational tests / / Michael J. Feuer ... [et al.], editors ; Committee on Equivalency and Linkage of Educational Tests, Board on Testing and Assessment, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1999 |
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ISBN |
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9786612081927 |
9780309173483 |
0309173485 |
9781282081925 |
1282081926 |
9780309524988 |
0309524989 |
9780585054001 |
0585054002 |
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Edizione |
[1st ed.] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (136 p.) |
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Altri autori (Persone) |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Educational tests and measurements - United States - Interpretation |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Description based upon print version of record. |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references (p. 94-100). |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Tests and the challenge of linkage. Background. Committee's approach. Drawing inferences from tests. Drawing inferences from linked tests -- Technical aspects of links. Constructing links. Common problems in links. Evaluating links. One final caution? -- Challenges of linking to NAEP. Distinct character of NAEP. Linking to NAEP. Challenges to the validity of linkage to NAEP -- Tests and testing in the United States : a picture of diversity. Types of tests. Test content. Testing in states and districts -- Conclusions. Factors that affect the validity of links. Conclusions. Future research. |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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The issues surrounding the comparability of various tests used to assess performance in schools received broad public attention during |
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congressional debate over the Voluntary National Tests proposed by President Clinton in his 1997 State of the Union Address. Proponents of Voluntary National Tests argue that there is no widely understood, challenging benchmark of individual student performance in 4th-grade reading and 8th-grade mathematics, thus the need for a new test. Opponents argue that a statistical linkage among tests already used by states and districts might provide the sort of comparability called for by the president's proposal. Public Law 105-78 requested that the National Research Council study whether an equivalency scale could be developed that would allow test scores from existing commercial tests and state assessments to be compared with each other and with the National Assessment of Education Progress. In this book, the committee reviewed research literature on the statistical and technical aspects of creating valid links between tests and how the content, use, and purposes of education testing in the United States influences the quality and meaning of those links. The book summarizes relevant prior linkage studies and presents a picture of the diversity of state testing programs. It also looks at the unique characteristics of the National Assessment of Educational Progress. Uncommon Measures provides an answer to the question posed by Congress in Public Law 105-78, suggests criteria for evaluating the quality of linkages, and calls for further research to determine the level of precision needed to make inferences about linked tests. In arriving at its conclusions, the committee acknowledged that ultimately policymakers and educators must take responsibility for determining the degree of imprecision they are willing to tolerate in testing and linking. This book provides science-based information with which to make those decisions. |
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