The eureka! moment : 100 key scientific discoveries of the 20th century / / Rupert Lee

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910465356803321
• Autore: Lee Rupert
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: London : , : Routledge, , 2016
• ISBN: 1-315-02388-1; 1-136-71469-3
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (302 p.)
• Disciplina: 509.04
• Soggetti: Discoveries in science - History - 20th century; Electronic books.
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Previously issued in print: London: British Library, 2002.
• Nota di contenuto: Cover; Half Title; Title Page; Copyright Page; Author's Preface and Acknowledgements; Table of Contents; LIST OF PLATES; INTRODUCTION; MEDICINE; The Yellow Fever Virus (Reed, 1900); Blood Groups (Landsteiner, 1901); Vitamins (Hopkins, 1912); Insulin (Banting and Best, 1922); Brain Waves (Berger, 1929); Penicillin (Fleming, 1929); Sulphonamides (Domagk, 1935); Rejection of Transplants (Gibson and Medawar, 1943); Sickle Cell Anaemia (Pauling et al, 1949); Smoking Causes Lung Cancer (Doll and Hill, 1950; Wynder and Graham, 1950); The Polio Vaccine (Salk, 1953); Interferons (Isaacs and Lindemann, 1957 Isaacs et al, 1957); Prions (Prusiner et al, 1983); HIV (Barre-Sinoussi et al, 1983); Helicobacter pylori (Marshall et al, 1985); Embryonic Stem Cells Grown Artificially (Gearhart, 1997); HISTORY OF LIFE; First Clues About How Life Began (Miller, 1953); The Early Presence of Life on Earth (Mojzsis et al, 1996); The Origin of Higher Organisms (Sagan, 1967); Nemesis of the Dinosaurs (Alvarez et al, 1980); 'Lucy' (Johanson and Taieb, 1976); The 'Taung Child' (Dart, 1925); BIOLOGY; Conditioned Reflexes (Pavlov, 1906); Bacteriophages (d'Herelle, 1917); The Vertebrate Organiser (Spemann and Mangold, 1924)Urease (Sumner, 1926); Progesterone (Corner and Allen, 1929); The Krebs Cycle (Krebs and Johnson, 1937); ATP (Lipmann, 1941); Bee Dances (von Frisch, 1946); Evolution Driven by Competition (Lack, 1947); How ; Nerves Work (Hodgkin et al, 1952; Hodgkin and Huxley, 1952); The Chemical Composition of Insulin (Sanger and Thompson, 1953); The Structure of Vitamin B12 (Hodgkin et al, 1956); The Calvin Cycle in Photosynthesis (Calvin, 1962); Monoclonal Antibodies (Kohler and Milstein, 1975); GENETICS; One Gene-One Enzyme (Garrod, 1909); Genes on Chromosomes (Morgan, 1910)Genes are Made of DNA (Avery et al, 1944); Gene Recombination in Bacteria (Lederberg and Tatum, 1946); Transposons (McClintock, 1951); The DNA Double Helix (Watson and Crick, 1953); The Central Dogma (Crick, 1958); The Nature of the DNA Code (Crick et al, 1961); The Operon (Jacob and Monod, 1961); Reverse Transcriptase (Baltimore, 1970; Temin and Mitsuzani, 1970); Oncogenes (Martin, 1970); Sequencing a Genome (Sanger et al, 1977); The Antibody Problem (Tonegawa, 1983); Homeobox Genes (McGinnis et al, 1984); DNA Fingerprints (Jeffreys et al, 1985); 'Dolly', the Cloned Sheep (Wilmut et al, 1997)ASTRONOMY AND COSMOLOGY; Galaxies (Hubble, 1925); The Expanding Universe (Hubble, 1929); Pluto (Tombaugh, 1930); What Makes Stars Shine (Bethe and Critchfield, 1938; Bethe, 1939); The Age of the Solar System (Patterson, 1955); The Origin of the Chemical Elements (Burbidge et al, 1957); Quasars (Hazard et al, 1963; Schmidt, 1963; Oke, 1963; Greenstein and Matthews, 1963); Proof of the Big Bang (Penzias and Wilson, 1965); Pulsars (Hewish et al, 1968); Organic Molecules in Interstellar Space (Snyder et al, 1969); Gamma-Ray Bursters (Djorgovski et al, 1997
• Sommario/riassunto: Annotation

The continental drift controversy . Volume 2 Paleomagnetism and confirmation of drift / / Henry R. Frankel

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910973739603321
• Autore: Frankel Henry R. <1944-2019>
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Cambridge ; ; New York, : Cambridge University Press, 2012
• ISBN: 1-139-36563-0; 1-107-22589-2; 1-280-64734-5; 9786613633392; 1-139-37816-3; 1-139-37530-X; 0-511-84316-X; 1-139-37673-X; 1-139-37959-3; 1-139-37131-2
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (xviii, 525 pages) : digital, PDF file(s)
• Disciplina: 551.1/36
• Soggetti: Paleomagnetism; Continental drift - Research - History - 20th century
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 05 Oct 2015).
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Cover; THE CONTINENTAL DRIFT CONTROVERSY: Volume II: Paleomagnetism and Confirmation of Drift; Dedication; Title; Copyright; Contents; Foreword; Introduction; Acknowledgments; Abbreviations; Note; 1: Geomagnetism and paleomagnetism: 1946-1952; 1.1 Breaking the impasse: the three main paleomagnetic groups; 1.2 Blackett and Runcorn begin their years together at the University of Manchester (1946-1949); 1.3 Blackett's fundamental or distributed theory of the origin of the geomagnetic field and Runcorn's introduction to it; 1.4 Elsasser develops a self-exciting dynamo in Earth's core as the source of the geomagnetic field1.5 Runcorn and colleagues carry out the mine experiment and discriminate between fundamental and core theories; 1.6 Blackett and Runcorn become interested in ; paleomagnetism; Runcorn accepts a position at the University of Cambridge; 1.7 Work at the Carnegie Institution in Washington and the case for a geomagnetic field without gross changes; 1.8 Graham develops field tests of stability; 1.9 Graham and others at the Carnegie Institution abandon the fold test; 1.10 Graham opts for self-reversals rather than field reversals1.11 Igneous baked contact test of stability; 1.12 Hospers arrives in Cambridge, 1949: his early education and commencement of Iceland surveys; 1.13 Hospers' first results from Iceland, 1950-1951, and genesis of Fisher's statistics; 1.14 Consistency or dispersion as a test of paleomagnetic stability; 1.15 Runcorn arrives in Cambridge, 1950, decides to work on paleomagnetism, and hires Ted (E.) Irving, 1951; 1.16 Irving's early education and undergraduate years; 1.17 Irving and Runcorn's first work, July through December 1951: only red beds give coherent results1.18 Irving devises a paleomagnetism test of continental drift, autumn 1951; 1.19 Realization in 1943 by Sahni that paleomagnetism could be used to test continental drift; 1.20 Irving initiates his test of motion of India; 1.21 Why Runcorn and Irving did not immediately redirect all their work to test continental drift; 1.22 Reaction of Blackett and Runcorn to Irving's work; 1.23 Summary; Notes; 2: British paleomagnetists begin shifting their research toward testing mobilism: summer 1951 to fall 19532.1 Outline; 2.2 Blackett initiates and Clegg leads the paleomagnetic group at Manchester; 2.3 Clegg builds a new magnetometer at Manchester; 2.4 The Manchester group expands and focuses on the Triassic redbeds; 2.5 Irving investigates the origin of magnetization of the Torridonian and begins magnetostratigraphic survey; 2.6 Irving completes magnetostratigraphic survey of the Torridonian; 2.7 Fisher defends mobilism; 2.8 Hospers returns to Iceland, builds an ""igneous"" magnetometer, and develops his case for reversals of the geomagnetic field
• Sommario/riassunto: Resolution of the sixty-year debate over continental drift, culminating in the triumph of plate tectonics, changed the very fabric of Earth science. This four-volume treatise on the continental drift controversy is the first complete history of the origin, debate and gradual acceptance of this revolutionary theory. Based on extensive interviews, archival papers and original works, Frankel weaves together the lives and work of the scientists involved, producing an accessible narrative for scientists and non-scientists alike. This second volume provides the first extensive account of the growing paleomagnetic case for continental drift in the 1950s and the development of Apparent Polar Wander Paths that showed how the continents had changed their positions relative to one another - more or less as Wegener had proposed. Paleomagnetism offered the first physical measure that continental drift had occurred and helped determine the changing latitudes of the continents through geologic time.