1.

Record Nr.

UNINA9910967950503321

Autore

Platt Lucy <1971-, >

Titolo

HIV epidemics in the European region : vulnerability and response / / Lucy Platt, Emma Jolley, Vivian Hope, Alisher Latypov, Peter Vickerman, Ford Hickson, Lucy Reynolds, and Tim Rhodes

Pubbl/distr/stampa

Washington, DC : , : World Bank Group, , [2015]

2015

ISBN

9781464803895

1464803897

Edizione

[1st ed.]

Descrizione fisica

1 online resource(xxxviii, 327 pages) : illustrations ; ; 26 cm

Collana

Directions in development: human development

Disciplina

614.5/99392

Soggetti

HIV infections - Epidemiology

Lingua di pubblicazione

Inglese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia

Note generali

Description based upon print version of record.

Nota di bibliografia

Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters.

Nota di contenuto

HIV surveillance -- Epidemiology of HIV in key populations at high risk -- Responses to HIV in key populations.

Sommario/riassunto

HIV Epidemics in the European Region: Vulnerability and Response provides a systematic review of the evidence on HIV vulnerability and response in all 53 countries of the World Health Organization's (WHO's) European Region, stretching from Iceland to the borders of China. The report focuses on key populations most at risk of HIV infection: people who inject drugs, sex workers, and men who have sex with men. It confirms that these populations are disproportionately affected by the growing HIV epidemic in Europe. Twenty-five percent of HIV diagnoses in Europe are associated with injecting drug u



2.

Record Nr.

UNINA9910973534503321

Autore

Gilboa Itzhak

Titolo

A theory of case-based decisions / / Itzhak Gilboa and David Schmeidler

Pubbl/distr/stampa

Cambridge : , : Cambridge University Press, , 2001

ISBN

1-107-12302-X

0-511-11944-5

0-511-32513-4

1-280-16224-4

0-521-80234-2

0-511-04781-9

0-511-15330-9

0-511-49353-3

Edizione

[1st ed.]

Descrizione fisica

1 online resource (x, 199 pages) : digital, PDF file(s)

Disciplina

658.4/033

Soggetti

Decision making - Mathematical models

Lingua di pubblicazione

Inglese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia

Note generali

Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 05 Oct 2015).

Nota di bibliografia

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Nota di contenuto

1. Prologue. 1. The scope of this book. 2. Meta-theoretical vocabulary. 3. Meta-theoretical prejudices -- 2. Decision rules. 4. Elementary formula and interpretations. 5. Variations and generalizations. 6. CBDT as a behaviorist theory. 7. Case-based prediction -- 3. Axiomatic derivation. 8. Highlights. 9. Model and result. 10. Discussion of the axioms. 11. Proofs -- 4. Conceptual foundations. 12. CBDT and expected utility theory. 13. CBDT and rule-based systems -- 5. Planning. 14. Representation and evaluation of plans. 15. Axiomatic derivation -- 6. Repeated choice. 16. Cumulative utility maximization. 17. The potential -- 7. Learning and induction. 18. Learning to maximize expected payoff. 19. Learning the similarity function. 20. Two views of induction: CBDT and simplicism.

Sommario/riassunto

Gilboa and Schmeidler provide a paradigm for modelling decision making under uncertainty. Unlike the classical theory of expected utility maximization, case-based decision theory does not assume that decision makers know the possible 'states of the world' or the



outcomes, let alone the decision matrix attaching outcomes to act-state pairs. Case-based decision theory suggests that people make decisions by analogies to past cases: they tend to choose acts that performed well in the past in similar situations, and to avoid acts that performed poorly. It is an alternative to expected utility theory when both states of the world and probabilities are neither given in the problem nor can be easily constructed. The authors describe the general theory and its relationship to planning, repeated choice problems, inductive inference, and learning; they highlight its mathematical and philosophical foundations and compare it with expected utility theory as well as with rule-based systems.