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1. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910967950503321 |
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Autore |
Platt Lucy <1971-, > |
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Titolo |
HIV epidemics in the European region : vulnerability and response / / Lucy Platt, Emma Jolley, Vivian Hope, Alisher Latypov, Peter Vickerman, Ford Hickson, Lucy Reynolds, and Tim Rhodes |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Washington, DC : , : World Bank Group, , [2015] |
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2015 |
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ISBN |
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Edizione |
[1st ed.] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource(xxxviii, 327 pages) : illustrations ; ; 26 cm |
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Collana |
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Directions in development: human development |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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HIV infections - Epidemiology |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Description based upon print version of record. |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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HIV surveillance -- Epidemiology of HIV in key populations at high risk -- Responses to HIV in key populations. |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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HIV Epidemics in the European Region: Vulnerability and Response provides a systematic review of the evidence on HIV vulnerability and response in all 53 countries of the World Health Organization's (WHO's) European Region, stretching from Iceland to the borders of China. The report focuses on key populations most at risk of HIV infection: people who inject drugs, sex workers, and men who have sex with men. It confirms that these populations are disproportionately affected by the growing HIV epidemic in Europe. Twenty-five percent of HIV diagnoses in Europe are associated with injecting drug u |
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2. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910973534503321 |
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Autore |
Gilboa Itzhak |
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Titolo |
A theory of case-based decisions / / Itzhak Gilboa and David Schmeidler |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Cambridge : , : Cambridge University Press, , 2001 |
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ISBN |
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1-107-12302-X |
0-511-11944-5 |
0-511-32513-4 |
1-280-16224-4 |
0-521-80234-2 |
0-511-04781-9 |
0-511-15330-9 |
0-511-49353-3 |
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Edizione |
[1st ed.] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (x, 199 pages) : digital, PDF file(s) |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Decision making - Mathematical models |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 05 Oct 2015). |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references and index. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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1. Prologue. 1. The scope of this book. 2. Meta-theoretical vocabulary. 3. Meta-theoretical prejudices -- 2. Decision rules. 4. Elementary formula and interpretations. 5. Variations and generalizations. 6. CBDT as a behaviorist theory. 7. Case-based prediction -- 3. Axiomatic derivation. 8. Highlights. 9. Model and result. 10. Discussion of the axioms. 11. Proofs -- 4. Conceptual foundations. 12. CBDT and expected utility theory. 13. CBDT and rule-based systems -- 5. Planning. 14. Representation and evaluation of plans. 15. Axiomatic derivation -- 6. Repeated choice. 16. Cumulative utility maximization. 17. The potential -- 7. Learning and induction. 18. Learning to maximize expected payoff. 19. Learning the similarity function. 20. Two views of induction: CBDT and simplicism. |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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Gilboa and Schmeidler provide a paradigm for modelling decision making under uncertainty. Unlike the classical theory of expected utility maximization, case-based decision theory does not assume that decision makers know the possible 'states of the world' or the |
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outcomes, let alone the decision matrix attaching outcomes to act-state pairs. Case-based decision theory suggests that people make decisions by analogies to past cases: they tend to choose acts that performed well in the past in similar situations, and to avoid acts that performed poorly. It is an alternative to expected utility theory when both states of the world and probabilities are neither given in the problem nor can be easily constructed. The authors describe the general theory and its relationship to planning, repeated choice problems, inductive inference, and learning; they highlight its mathematical and philosophical foundations and compare it with expected utility theory as well as with rule-based systems. |
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