A false witness examin'd and rebuk'd [[electronic resource] ] : and the stedfast, sincere obedience of the people called Quakers, unto Christ Jesus, their souls captain bishop and high-priest, asserted and vindicated : being an answer to a book, entituled, A declaration concerning the people called Quakers, &c., given forth by I know not who, there is subscribed to the said book, Christidulus Ecclestion, but whether this be the name of the author, or only a feigned name, is a question but I do not know the author by that name, nor do I hear of any that doth, neither did I ever know any man or woman by that name / / by ... Wilson Gibson

• Record Nr.: UNISA996396307603316
• Autore: Gibson William <1629-1684.>
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: [London, : s.n.], 1674
• Descrizione fisica: 19, [1] p
• Soggetti: Society of Friends - Great Britain
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Reproduction of original in Bodleian Library.
• Sommario/riassunto: eebo-0014

How Does Trade Openness Influence Budget Deficits in Developing Countries? / / Jean-Louis Combes, Tahsin Saadi Sedik

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910972474203321
• Autore: Combes Jean-Louis
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Washington, D.C. : , : International Monetary Fund, , 2006
• ISBN: 9786613829801; 9781462397242; 1462397247; 9781452719887; 1452719888; 9781283517355; 1283517353; 9781451907995; 1451907990
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (22 p.)
• Collana: IMF Working Papers
• Altri autori (Persone): Saadi SedikTahsin
• Soggetti: Terms of trade - Developing countries; Budget - Developing countries; Budget planning and preparation; Budget Systems; Budget; Budgeting & financial management; Budgeting; Commercial policy; Debt Management; Debt; Debts, Public; Economic policy; Empirical Studies of Trade; Expenditure; Expenditures, Public; Exports and Imports; Government debt management; International Economic Order and Integration; International economics; International Trade Organizations; National Budget; National Deficit Surplus; National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General; Nternational cooperation; Public finance & taxation; Public Finance; Sovereign Debt; Terms of trade; Trade Policy; Trade policy; Developing countries Commercial policy
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: "January 2006."; "This paper is forthcoming in the Journal of development studies."--Abstract.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references (p. 17-20).
• Nota di contenuto: ""Contents""; ""I. INTRODUCTION""; ""II. THEORETICAL EFFECTS OF TRADE OPENNESS ON BUDGET DEFICITS""; ""III. THE MEASURE OF TERMS OF TRADE INSTABILITY""; ""IV. THE MEASURE OF THE REVEALED TRADE POLICY""; ""V. THE ECONOMETRIC STRATEGY""; ""VI. CONCLUSIONS""; ""APPENDIX I""; ""REFERENCES""
• Sommario/riassunto: This paper analyzes the effects of trade openness on budget balances by distinguishing the effects of natural openness from those of trade-policy induced openness. Using the GMMsystem estimator, the econometric analysis focuses on 66 developing countries during 1974-98. The results show that trade openness increases a country's exposure to external shocks regardless of its underlying causes. This reinforces the adverse effects of terms of trade instability on budget balances. However, trade openness also influences budget balances through several other channels: corruption, income inequalities, etc. The paper shows that these additional effects of natural openness and trade-policy induced openness on budget balances go in opposite directions: the former deteriorates budget balances whereas the latter improves them.