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Record Nr. |
UNINA9910972310403321 |
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Autore |
Mauro Paolo |
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Titolo |
Institutions and the External Capital Structure of Countries / / Paolo Mauro, Andre Faria |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Washington, D.C. : , : International Monetary Fund, , 2004 |
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ISBN |
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9786613866868 |
9781462390014 |
1462390013 |
9781452702605 |
1452702608 |
9781283554411 |
1283554410 |
9781451920314 |
1451920318 |
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Edizione |
[1st ed.] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (31 p.) |
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Collana |
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Altri autori (Persone) |
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Soggetti |
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Investments, Foreign - Developing countries |
Debts, External - Developing countries |
Stocks - Developing countries |
Financial crises - Developing countries |
Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics |
Balance of payments |
Bank credit |
Credit |
Education |
Education: General |
Environment |
Environmental and Ecological Economics: General |
Environmental management |
Exports and Imports |
Finance |
Financial Aspects of Economic Integration |
Financial institutions |
Financial Instruments |
Foreign direct investment |
Institutional Investors |
International Investment |
International Lending and Debt Problems |
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Investment & securities |
Investments, Foreign |
Investments: Stocks |
Long-term Capital Movements |
Monetary economics |
Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General |
Money and Monetary Policy |
Money |
Natural Resources |
Natural resources |
Non-bank Financial Institutions |
Pension Funds |
Stocks |
Russian Federation |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references (p. 27-30). |
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Nota di contenuto |
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""Contents""; ""I. INTRODUCTION""; ""II. EXISTING THEORIES AND HYPOTHESES""; ""III. EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS""; ""IV. CONCLUSION""; ""Sources and Description of the Variables""; ""REFERENCES"" |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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A widespread view holds that countries that finance themselves through foreign direct investment (FDI) and portfolio equity, rather than bonds and loans, are less prone to crises. But what determines countries' external capital structures? In a cross section of emerging markets and developing countries, we find that equity-like liabilities (FDI and, especially, portfolio equity) as a share of countries' total external liabilities (or as a share of GDP) are positively and significantly associated with indicators of educational attainment, natural resource abundance, and especially, institutional quality. These relationships are robust to attempts to control for possible endogeneity, suggesting that better institutional quality may help improve countries' capital structures. The results might also provide an explanation for the observed correlation between institutional quality and the frequency of crises. |
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2. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910346844703321 |
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Autore |
Friedrichsdorf Stefan J |
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Titolo |
Pediatric Palliative Care / Stefan J. Friedrichsdorf |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2019 |
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Basel, Switzerland : , : MDPI, , 2019 |
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ISBN |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 electronic resource (252 p.) |
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Soggetti |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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At least 20 million children worldwide would benefit from Pediatric Palliative Care (PPC) annually, and eight million children would need specialized PPC services. In the USA alone, more than 42,000 children, 0-19 years, die annually; fifty-five percent of them are infants younger than one year old. Interdisciplinary PPC is about matching treatment to patient goals and is considered specialized medical care for children with a serious illness. It is focused on relieving pain, distressing symptoms, and stress from a serious illness and is appropriate at any age and at any stage, together with curative treatment. The primary PPC goal is to improve the quality of life both for the child and for his/her family.<false,>Sadly, advances in the control of symptoms in children dying of life-limiting diseases have often not kept pace with treatment directed at curing the underlying disease. Data reveal that the majority of distressing symptoms in children with an advanced serious illness (such as pain, dyspnea and nausea/vomiting) are not treated, and, when treated, therapy is commonly ineffective. Emerging evidence shows that palliative care involvement results in improved quality of life, as well as prolongation of life.<false,>High-quality pediatric palliative care for children with serious illnesses is now an expected standard of medical care. However, there still remain significant barriers to achieving optimal care, related to lack of formal |
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education, reimbursement issues, the emotional impact of caring for a dying child, and most importantly, the lack of interdisciplinary PPC teams with sufficient staffing.<false,>Fortunately, considerable advances have been made in recent years providing PPC around the globe both in resource-poor and resource-rich countries through care provided at children's hospitals, outpatient palliative care clinics, palliative home care, and free-standing children's hospice houses. This book, authored by leading authorities in the field, is dedicated to describing existing gaps, as well as the achievements made in clinical care, education, training, and research. |
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