1.

Record Nr.

UNINA9910972310403321

Autore

Mauro Paolo

Titolo

Institutions and the External Capital Structure of Countries / / Paolo Mauro, Andre Faria

Pubbl/distr/stampa

Washington, D.C. : , : International Monetary Fund, , 2004

ISBN

9786613866868

9781462390014

1462390013

9781452702605

1452702608

9781283554411

1283554410

9781451920314

1451920318

Edizione

[1st ed.]

Descrizione fisica

1 online resource (31 p.)

Collana

IMF Working Papers

Altri autori (Persone)

FariaAndre

Soggetti

Investments, Foreign - Developing countries

Debts, External - Developing countries

Stocks - Developing countries

Financial crises - Developing countries

Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics

Balance of payments

Bank credit

Credit

Education

Education: General

Environment

Environmental and Ecological Economics: General

Environmental management

Exports and Imports

Finance

Financial Aspects of Economic Integration

Financial institutions

Financial Instruments

Foreign direct investment

Institutional Investors

International Investment

International Lending and Debt Problems



Investment & securities

Investments, Foreign

Investments: Stocks

Long-term Capital Movements

Monetary economics

Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General

Money and Monetary Policy

Money

Natural Resources

Natural resources

Non-bank Financial Institutions

Pension Funds

Stocks

Russian Federation

Lingua di pubblicazione

Inglese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia

Note generali

"December 2004."

Nota di bibliografia

Includes bibliographical references (p. 27-30).

Nota di contenuto

""Contents""; ""I. INTRODUCTION""; ""II. EXISTING THEORIES AND HYPOTHESES""; ""III. EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS""; ""IV. CONCLUSION""; ""Sources and Description of the Variables""; ""REFERENCES""

Sommario/riassunto

A widespread view holds that countries that finance themselves through foreign direct investment (FDI) and portfolio equity, rather than bonds and loans, are less prone to crises. But what determines countries' external capital structures? In a cross section of emerging markets and developing countries, we find that equity-like liabilities (FDI and, especially, portfolio equity) as a share of countries' total external liabilities (or as a share of GDP) are positively and significantly associated with indicators of educational attainment, natural resource abundance, and especially, institutional quality. These relationships are robust to attempts to control for possible endogeneity, suggesting that better institutional quality may help improve countries' capital structures. The results might also provide an explanation for the observed correlation between institutional quality and the frequency of crises.



2.

Record Nr.

UNINA9910346844703321

Autore

Friedrichsdorf Stefan J

Titolo

Pediatric Palliative Care / Stefan J. Friedrichsdorf

Pubbl/distr/stampa

MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2019

Basel, Switzerland : , : MDPI, , 2019

ISBN

9783038973515

3038973513

Descrizione fisica

1 electronic resource (252 p.)

Soggetti

Medicine

Lingua di pubblicazione

Inglese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia

Sommario/riassunto

At least 20 million children worldwide would benefit from Pediatric Palliative Care (PPC) annually, and eight million children would need specialized PPC services. In the USA alone, more than 42,000 children, 0-19 years, die annually; fifty-five percent of them are infants younger than one year old. Interdisciplinary PPC is about matching treatment to patient goals and is considered specialized medical care for children with a serious illness. It is focused on relieving pain, distressing symptoms, and stress from a serious illness and is appropriate at any age and at any stage, together with curative treatment. The primary PPC goal is to improve the quality of life both for the child and for his/her family.<false,>Sadly, advances in the control of symptoms in children dying of life-limiting diseases have often not kept pace with treatment directed at curing the underlying disease. Data reveal that the majority of distressing symptoms in children with an advanced serious illness (such as pain, dyspnea and nausea/vomiting) are not treated, and, when treated, therapy is commonly ineffective. Emerging evidence shows that palliative care involvement results in improved quality of life, as well as prolongation of life.<false,>High-quality pediatric palliative care for children with serious illnesses is now an expected standard of medical care. However, there still remain significant barriers to achieving optimal care, related to lack of formal



education, reimbursement issues, the emotional impact of caring for a dying child, and most importantly, the lack of interdisciplinary PPC teams with sufficient staffing.<false,>Fortunately, considerable advances have been made in recent years providing PPC around the globe both in resource-poor and resource-rich countries through care provided at children's hospitals, outpatient palliative care clinics, palliative home care, and free-standing children's hospice houses. This book, authored by leading authorities in the field, is dedicated to describing existing gaps, as well as the achievements made in clinical care, education, training, and research.