Medical ethics / / edited by Michael Boylan

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910971885403321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Chichester, West Sussex, U.K., : Wiley-Blackwell, c2014; Chichester, England : , : John Wiley & Sons, , 2014
• ISBN: 9781118657959; 1118657950; 9781118657973; 1118657977; 9781118657904; 111865790X
• Edizione: [2nd ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (xvi, 386 p.)
• Disciplina: 174/.2
• Soggetti: Medical ethics
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Medical Ethics -- Copyright -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- Preface to the Second Edition -- Source Credits -- 1 Ethical Reasoning -- A Prudential Model of Decision-Making -- Possible Ethical Additions to the Prudential Model -- How to Construct Your Own Model -- How Do Ethics Make a Difference in Decision-Making? -- Case 1: Social/Political Ethics: The Trolley Problem -- Analysis -- Case 2: An Admission to the Emergency Room -- Analysis -- Conclusion -- Notes -- 2 Health: The Aim of Medicine -- Ethics, Infertility, and Public Health: Balancing Public Good and Private Choice1 -- Health, Disease, and Infertility -- Infertility as a Disvalued Dysfunction (Disease) -- Conclusion -- Notes and References -- Too Old for the Good of Health?1 -- Introduction: Goodness and Health -- Health-Neutral or Normative? -- Definitions of Health -- Oldness -- When Is Old Age? -- Health in Old Age -- Goodness of Health for Old Age -- Conclusion -- Notes and References -- Health as Self-Fulfillment1 -- Functional Approaches to Health -- Public Health Approach -- Subjectivist Approaches -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Evaluating a Case Study: Developing a Practical Ethical ; Viewpoint -- Macro and Micro Cases -- Situation One -- Situation Two -- Notes -- 3 Physician, Nurse, and Patient: The Practice of Medicine -- The Oath1 -- A. Paternalism and Autonomy -- B. Privacy and Confidentiality -- C. Informed Consent -- D. Gender, Culture, and Race -- Notes -- A. Paternalism and Autonomy: Medical Paternalism and Patient Autonomy -- Introduction -- Preliminary Distinctions -- The Birth of Medical Paternalism -- The Invention of Patient Autonomy -- The Four Models of the Physician-Patient Relationship -- Vital Issues Concerning Medical Paternalism -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References.; Rational Non-Interventional Paternalism: Why Doctors Ought to Make Judgments of What Is Best for Their Patients -- Two Reasons -- 'Framing Effect' -- Moral Stakes -- Shared Decision-Making -- References -- B. Privacy and Confidentiality: Medical Privacy in the Age of Genomics -- Medical Privacy -- Genomics: A Revolution in Revelations -- DNA, Genes, and Information About Persons -- What May Once Have Been a Duty Must Now Become a Right -- The Right to Your Genes -- Notes -- Ethical Issues Experienced by HIV-Infected African-American Women -- Introduction -- Method -- Findings -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- C. Informed Consent: Should Informed Consent Be Based on Rational Beliefs? -- I. Introduction -- II . Rationality and Autonomy -- III . An Example of Irrational Belief: Jehovah's Witnesses and Blood -- IV . Three Examples of Holding a False Belief -- V. Summary and Implications -- Rational Deliberation -- Duties as Educators -- Acknowledgement -- Notes and References -- Cultural Diversity and Informed Consent -- Case -- Discussion -- Analysis -- Recommendations -- D. Gender, Culture, and Race On Treatment of Myopia: Feminist Standpoint Theory and Bioethics -- Some Flaws in Contemporary Health Care and Bioethics -- Feminist Standpoint and Attention to Relationships and Context -- The Meaning of Care and the Pitfalls of Care-Based Reasoning -- An Illustrative Case -- Proportionate Representation as a Remedial Strategy -- Notes -- Culture and Medical Intervention -- Case 1 -- Dialectical Worldview Positions -- A Critical Examination of the Worldview Positions -- Case 2 -- Dialectical Worldview Positions -- A Critical Examination of the Worldview Positions -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- Notes -- Healthcare Disparity and Changing the Complexion of Orthopedic Surgeons -- Introduction -- Healthcare Disparity.; The Problem from the Patient's Perspective -- Creating Real Diversity in the Physician Population -- The Timothy L. Stephens Orthopedic Fellowship Program for Minority Medical Students: Its Goals and Its Progress -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Evaluating a Case Study: Finding the Conflicts -- Case 1 -- Case 2 -- Checklist for Detecting Ethical Issues -- Macro and Micro Cases1 -- 4 Issues of Life and Death -- A. Euthanasia -- B. Abortion -- Note -- A. Euthanasia Killing and Allowing to Die -- Metaphysical -- Moral -- Medical -- Euthanasia in The Netherlands: Justifiable Euthanasia -- What Makes a Patient Request Euthanasia -- Carrying Out "Passive Euthanasia" -- Why Doctors Must Not Kill -- B. Abortion An Almost Absolute Value in History -- Notes -- A Defense of Abortion1 -- 1 -- 2 -- 3 -- 4 -- 5 -- 6 -- 7 -- 8 -- Notes -- The Abortion Debate in the Twenty-First Century -- The History of the Debate -- A Critical Examination of the Premises of Each Side -- The Personal Worldview and Abortion -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Evaluating a Case Study Assessing Embedded Levels -- Case 1 -- Case 2 -- Macro and Micro Cases1 -- Note -- 5 Genetic Enhancement -- Ethical Issues in Human Enhancement -- What Is Human Enhancement? -- Life Extension -- Physical Enhancement -- ; Mood and Personality Enhancement -- Cognitive Enhancement -- Selecting the Best Children -- Notes -- Limitations on Scientific Research -- The Principle of Plenitude -- The Limits of Science -- Notes -- References -- Evaluating a Case Study: Applying Ethical Issues -- Sample "Pro" Brainstorming Sheet for the Position -- Sample "Con" Brainstorming Sheet Against the Position -- Macro and Micro Cases3 -- Notes -- 6 Healthcare Policy -- A. The Right to Healthcare -- B. The Organ Allocation Problem -- C. International Public Health Policy and Ethics -- Note.; A. The Right to Healthcare: There Is No "Right" to Healthcare -- Rights as Freedom of Individual Action -- Rights as Entitlements to Goods and Services -- The Moral Foundations of Rights: Egoism Versus Altruism -- The Failure of Entitlement "Rights" -- Healthcare Policy and Ethics -- Notes -- References -- The Moral Right to Healthcare: Part Two1 -- Strengths and Weaknesses of the Present System within the United States -- Ethical Arguments on Human Rights and Healthcare -- Assessing the "Ought implied Can" Restriction on Universal Health Coverage -- Rationing Scenarios -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- B. The Organ Allocation Problem A Review of Ethical Issues in Transplantation -- Organ Procurement -- Organ Allocation -- Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Fault and the Allocation of Spare Organs -- Historical Fault -- A Non-Punitive Principle of Restitution -- Self-Inflicted Harm Is Not a Crime -- The Threat May Be Current -- Priority of Non-Smokers over Smokers in Access to Spare Organs? -- Dangerous Sports -- Moral Complicity -- References and Notes -- Applicants -- C. International Public Health Policy and Ethics Toward Control of Infectious Disease: Ethical Challenges for a Global Effort -- Introduction -- A "Marvelous Momentum" for the Control of Infectious Disease -- A Vision for 2020-30? A Comprehensive Global Effort for the Control of Infectious Disease -- "Thinking Big," Both Practically and Ethically -- Global Efforts: Results So Far -- Human Health in Epidemiological Perspective -- Is a Comprehensive Global Effort Realistic? On Eradication, Elimination, and Control -- A Comprehensive Global Effort: From Thought Experiment to Plan -- References -- Shaping Ethical Guidelines for an Influenza Pandemic -- Introduction -- The Threat of an Influenza Pandemic in the Twenty-First Century.; Laying the Foundation for an Ethical Preparedness Plan for an Influenza Pandemic -- Health Care Personnel and the Duty/Obligation/Responsibility to Work During an Influenza Pandemic -- Other Critical Workers and Duty/Obligation/Responsibility to Work During an Influenza Pandemic -- Social Distancing, Isolation, and Quarantine -- Allocation of Scarce Health Care Resources -- Conclusion -- References -- TB Matters More -- Bioethics and Infectious Disease -- Neglected Disease -- Mapping the Terrain of Ethical Issues Associated with TB: A Research Agenda -- A "Moderate Pluralist" Ethical Approach to TB Control -- Note -- References -- Evaluating a Case Study: Structuring the Essay -- Sample Essay -- Macro and Micro Cases1 -- Further Reading -- Chapter 2 Health: The Aim of Medicine -- Chapter 3 Physician, Nurse, and Patient: The Practice of Medicine -- Chapter 4 Issues of Life and Death -- Chapter 5 Genetic Enhancement -- Chapter 6 Healthcare Policy.
• Sommario/riassunto: The second edition of Medical Ethics deals accessibly with a broad range of significant issues in bioethics, and presents the reader with the latest developments. This new edition has been greatly revised and updated, with half of the sections written specifically for this new volume. An accessible introduction for beginners, offering a combination of important established essays and new essays ; commissioned especially for this volume Greatly revised - half of the selections are new to this edition, including two essays on genetic enhancement and a section on gender, race and culture Includes new material on ethical theory as a grounding for understanding the ethical dimensions of medicine and healthcare Now includes a short story on organ allocation, providing a vivid approach to the issue for readers Provides students with the tools to write their own case study essays An original section on health provides a theoretical context for the succeeding essays Presents a carefully selected set of readings designed to progressively move the reader to competency in subject comprehension and essay writing.