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1. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910253160003321 |
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Titolo |
I crediti deteriorati nelle banche italiane / a cura di Francesco Cesarini |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Torino : Giappichelli, 2017 |
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ISBN |
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Descrizione fisica |
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Collana |
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Diritto commerciale interno e internazionale. Sezione Raccolte di studi ; 12 |
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Disciplina |
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Locazione |
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Collocazione |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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2. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910971684803321 |
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Titolo |
Inequality and economic development in Brazil |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Washington, D.C., : World Bank, 2004 |
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ISBN |
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1-280-04188-9 |
9786610041886 |
1-4175-4355-8 |
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Edizione |
[1st ed.] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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xxii, 281 pages : illustrations ; ; 26 cm |
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Collana |
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A World Bank country study |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Income distribution - Brazil |
Equality - Brazil |
Brazil Economic conditions 1985- |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Intro -- TABLE OF CONTENTS -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations and Acronyms -- Executive Summary -- PART I: Policy Report -- Introduction -- 1. Why Do Inequalities Matter for Brazil? -- 2. Why is Brazil Such an Unequal Society? -- Inequality in Brazil -- The Causes of Inequality -- Public Policy and Equity -- 3. What Can and Should Public Policy Do About Inequality in Brazil? -- Human Assets and Land: Endowments and Prices -- Public Social Expenditure and Taxation -- 4. Conclusions -- Appendix -- Bibliography -- PART II: Background Papers -- 5. Poverty and Inequality in Brazil: New Estimates from Combined PPV-PNAD Data -- Data -- Methodology -- Implementation -- Poverty and Inequality at the Regional Level -- Poverty and Inequality at Lower Levels of Disaggregation -- Inequality Decompositions -- Conclusions -- References -- 6. Beyond Oaxaca-Blinder: Accounting for Differences in Household Income Distributions across Countries -- Introduction -- Income Distribution in Brazil,Mexico,and the United States -- A General Statement of Statistical Decomposition Analysis -- The Decompositions in Practice: A Specific Model -- The Brazil-United States Comparison -- The Brazil-Mexico Comparison -- Conclusions -- Appendix -- References -- 7. Inequality of Outcomes, Inequality of Opportunities, and Intergenerational Education Mobility in Brazil -- Introduction -- Theoretical Background -- Opportunities and the Distribution of Individual Wages -- Simulating the Effects of the Inequality of Opportunities on Earnings -- The Effects of the Inequality of Opportunities on the Distribution of Household Income -- Summary and Conclusion -- References -- 8. Indirect Taxation Reform: Searching for Dalton-Improvements in Brazil -- Introduction -- Taxation in Brazil: Recent Evolution,Trends and Issues. |
What is the Impact of Taxation on the Distribution of Secondary Income? -- Dalton Improving Tax Reforms: Analytical Framework -- Identifying Potential Candidates for Raising and Reducing Taxes -- The Pairs of Tax Changes that Satisfy the Dalton Improvement Condition -- Conclusions -- Appendix -- References -- 9. Schooling Expansion in Demographic Transition: A Transient Opportunity for Inequality Reduction in Brazil -- Introduction -- Demographic Background -- Methodology and Data -- The Evolution of Education Between Cohorts: Monotonically Increasing Mean, Decreasing Inequality and Inverted U-Shaped Mean-V -- The Increasing Stock -to-Cohort Time Lag of Educational Attainment -- Simulations: Permanent and Temporary Acceleration of Educational Attainment -- Conclusions -- Appendix -- Bibliography -- 10. Ex-ante Evaluation of Conditional Cash Transfer Programs:The Case of Bolsa Escola -- Introduction -- Main Features of the Bolsa Escola Program -- A Simple Framework for Modeling and Simulating Bolsa Escola -- Estimation of the Discrete Choice Model -- Descriptive Statistics and Estimation Results -- An ex ante Evaluation of Bolsa Escola and Alternative Program Designs -- Conclusions -- References -- 11. The Dynamics of the Skill-Premium in Brazil: Growing Demand and Insufficient Supply? -- Introduction -- Wage-inequality and Education -- Relative Supply, Relative Demand, and the Skill-premium -- What If? Alternative Paths for Supply and Wage-inequality in the Past -- Summary -- Appendix -- References -- TABLES -- Table 2.1: Effect of Regional Differences on Poverty: Brazil -- Table 2.2: Gini Coefficient for Land Distribution -- Selected Countries -- Table 2.3: Labor Market and Schooling Contribution to Income Inequality in Brazil -- Table 2.4: Accounting for Brazil 's Excess Inequality Relative to the United States: Microsimulations. |
Table 2.5: Summary of Results of Analysis of Distributional Incidence of Public Social Expenditure -Northeast and Southeast B -- Table 2.6: School attendance and household characteristics (10-15 years old) -- |
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Table 2.7: Redistributive Impact of Direct and Indirect Taxation by Components: Brazil, Metropolitan Areas, 1999 -- Table 3.1: Equity and Efficiency of Indirect Taxation -- Table 3.2: Tax Rates Change and Welfare Effects for Alternative Pairs of Dalton-improving Indirect Tax Reforms, Brazil -- Table A.1: Social sector priorities according to access gaps of the poor relative to the fourth quintile. Brazil, Urban and R -- Table A.2: Results from analysis of distributional incidence of public social expenditure, Brazil NE and SE 1997 -- Table 5.1: Poverty Measures by Region for Different Data Sets Headcount -- Table 5.2: Inequality Measures by Region for Different Data Sets: General Entropy Class c = 0.5 -- Table 5.3: Poverty Estimates by UF in the Northeast: Headcount -- Table 5.4: Inequality Estimates by UF in the Northeast: General Entropy 0.5 -- Table 5.5: Incidence of Poverty in Northeast Brazil: by State and Location Type -- Table 5.6: Decomposing Inequality: PNAD Income Versus PNAD Consumption: General Entropy Class (0.5) -- Table 6.1: Descriptive Statistics -- Table 6.2: FGT Measures -- Table 6.3: Theil Decompositions of Inequality by Population Characteristics -- Table 6.4: Simulated Poverty and Inequality for Brazilian Earnings in 1999, Using 2000 USA Coefficients -- Table 6.5: Simulated Poverty and Inequality for Brazil in 1999, Using 2000 USA Coefficients -- Table 6.6: Simulated Poverty and Inequality for Brazilian Earnings in 1999, Using 1999 Mexico Coefficients -- Table 6.7: Simulated Poverty and Inequality for Brazil in 1999, Using 1994 Mexico Coefficients. |
Table 6A.1: The Multinomial Logit Estimates for Participation Behavior and Occupational Choice: Brazil and the United States -- Table 6A.2: Estimates for the Mincerian Equation: Brazil (1999) and the United States (1994) -- Table 6A.3: The Multinomial Logit Estimates for Demographic Choice: Brazil and the United States -- Table 6A.4: The Multinomial Logit Estimates for Educational Structure: Brazil and the United States -- Table 6A.5: Tobit Model Estimates for Non Labour Incomes: Brazil and the United States -- Table 6A.6: The Multinomial Logit Estimates for Participation Behavior and Occupational Choice: Brazil and Mexico -- Table 6A.7: Estimates for the Mincerian Equation: Brazil (1999) and Mexico (1994) -- Table 6A.8: The Multinomial Logit Estimates for Demographic Choice: Brazil and the Mexico -- Table 6A.9: The Multinomial Logit Estimates for Educational Structure: Brazil and the Mexico -- Table 7.1: Descriptive Statistics -- Table 7.2a: Wage Equations by Cohort Using OLS, for Men -- Table 7.2b: Wage Equations by Cohort Using Heckman Correction (2SLS), for Women -- Table 7.3: Years of Schooling, by Parental Education Levels -- Table 7.4a: Educational Mobility OLS Regressions by Cohort:Men 's Years of Schooling -- Table 7.4b: Educational Mobility OLS Regressions by Cohort: Women's Years of Schooling -- Table 7.5a: Intergenerational Educational Mobility: Cohort 1936-1940 -- Table 7.5b: Intergenerational Educational Mobility: Cohort 1946-1950 -- Table 7.5c: Intergenerational Educational Mobility: Cohort 1956-1960 -- Table 7.5d: Intergenerational Educational Mobility: Cohort 1966-1970 -- Table 7.6a: Contribution of Inequality of Opportunity to Inequality of Family Per Capita Income: 5-year Cohort. Schooling and -- Table 7.6b: Contribution of Inequality of Opportunity to Inequality of Family Per Capita Income: 5-year Cohort. Schooling and. |
Table 7.6c: Contribution of Inequality of Opportunity to Inequality of Family Per Capita Income: 5-year Cohort. Schooling and -- Table 8.1: Tax Burden in Brazil, 1996-2000 as Percent of GDP and of Total Revenues (TR), by its Main Taxes and Contributions -- Table 8.2: Tax Burden in Brazil, 1996-2000 as Percentage of Total Revenues, by Levels of Government -- Table 8.3: Indirect Taxation in Brazil, Rates and |
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Revenues, 1999 -- Table 8.4: Redistributive Impact of Direct and Indirect Taxation by Components Brazil, Metropolitan Areas, 1999 -- Table 8.5: Decomposing the Distributive Effect of Indirect Taxation by Type of Goods. Brazil Metropolitan Areas, 1999 -- Table 8.6: Equity and Efficiency of Indirect Taxation -- Table 8.7: Tax Rates Change and Welfare Effects for Alternative Pairs of Dalton Improving Indirect Tax Reforms, Brazil -- Table 8.8: Welfare Ranking Between the DALTON Improving Tax Reforms -- Table 8A.1: State Level VAT Incidence (Nominal and Effective) on Food Products of State Basic Food Baskets for All Brazilian -- Table 8A.2a: Welfare Ranking of Alternative DALTON Improving Indirect Tax Reforms (Pair of Taxes) -- Table 8A.2b: Welfare Ranking of Alternative DALTON Improving Indirect Tax Reforms (Pair of Taxes) -- Table 10.1: School Enrollment and Occupation of Children by Age (10-15 Years Old) -- Table 10.2: Sample Means. Characteristics of Children and the Household they Belong to (10-15 Years Old Only) -- Table 10.3: Log Earnings Regression (10-15 Years Old Children Reporting Earnings) -- Table 10.4: Multinomial Logit Coefficients -- Table 10.4a: Multinomial Logit Coefficients -- Table 10.4b: Multinomial Logit Coefficients -- Table 10.5: Simulated Effect of Bolsa Escola on Schooling and Working Status (All Children 10-15 Years Old). |
Table 10.6: Simulated Effect on Schooling and Working Status of Alternative Specifications of Conditional Cash Transfer Progr. |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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This publication is part of a series of country reports which examine the work of the World Bank on the economic and related conditions of member countries, published with the approval of the subject government. This study focuses on three key issues: the impact of inequalities on Brazil's development; the reasons why Brazil has a very high and persistent level of income inequality compared to other countries; and the role of public policy in addressing the problem. |
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3. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910964532903321 |
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Autore |
Abood Samir I |
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Titolo |
Digital signal processing : a primer with MATLAB® / / Samir I. Abood |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Boca Raton, FL, : CRC Press, 2020 |
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ISBN |
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1-00-301054-7 |
1-000-76575-X |
1-003-01054-7 |
1-000-76557-1 |
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Edizione |
[1st ed.] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (339 pages) |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Numerical analysis - Computer programs |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Author -- 1 Continuous and Discrete Signals -- 1.1 Continuous Signals -- 1.1.1 Generation of Continuous Signals in MATLAB -- 1.1.2 Operations on Signals and Sequences -- 1.2 Discrete-Time Signals -- 1.2.1 Complex Sequences -- 1.3 Signals and Systems -- 1.4 Classification of Signals and Systems -- 1.4.1 Continuous-Time and Discrete-Time Signals -- 1.4.2 Analog and Digital Signals -- 1.4.3 Deterministic and Random Signals -- 1.4.4 Periodic and Nonperiodic Signals -- 1.4.5 Power and Energy Signals -- 1.4.5.1 What Is Digital Signal Processing -- 1.4.5.2 Why DSP -- 1.4.5.3 Applications (DSP -- 1.5 Introduction to MATLAB in DSP -- 1.5.1 MATLAB Windows -- 1.5.2 Basic Commands in MATLAB -- 1.6 Some Fundamental Sequences -- 1.6.1 Impulse Response in MATLAB -- 1.6.2 Signal Duration -- 1.7 Generation of Discrete Signals in MATLAB -- Problems -- 2 Signals Properties -- 2.1 Periodic and Aperiodic Sequences -- 2.2 Even and Odd Parts of a Signal (Symmetric Sequences -- 2.3 Signal Manipulations -- 2.3.1 Transformations of the Independent Variable -- 2.3.1.1 Shifting -- 2.3.1.2 Reversal -- 2.3.1.3 Time-Scaling -- 2.3.1.4 Addition, Multiplication, and Scaling -- 2.3.1.5 Addition -- 2.3.1.6 Multiplication -- 2.3.1.7 Scaling -- 2.3.1.8 Signal Decomposition -- 2.4 Discrete-Time Systems -- 2.4.1 System |
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Properties -- 2.4.1.1 Memoryless System -- 2.4.1.2 Additivity -- 2.4.1.3 Homogeneity -- 2.4.1.4 Stability -- 2.5 Linear Time-Invariant Causal Systems (LTI -- 2.5.1 Linearity -- 2.5.2 Time-Invariance -- 2.5.3 Causality -- 2.6 Definitions -- 2.6.1 Continuous-Time System -- 2.6.2 Discrete-Time System -- 2.6.2.1 Delay Operator -- 2.6.2.2 Convolution Property -- 2.6.2.3 Impulse Function -- 2.6.2.4 Impulse Response -- 2.6.2.5 Frequency Response. |
2.7 System Output -- 2.7.1 Causality -- 2.7.2 Stability -- 2.7.3 Invertibility -- 2.7.4 Memory -- Problems -- 3 Convolution -- 3.1 Linear Convolution -- 3.2 Convolution Properties -- 3.2.1 Commutative Property -- 3.2.2 Associative Property -- 3.2.3 Distributive Property -- 3.3 Types of Convolutions -- 3.3.1 Equations Method -- 3.3.1.1 Convolution of Two Sequences in MATLAB -- 3.3.2 Graphical Method -- 3.3.3 Tabular Method -- Problems -- 4 Difference Equations -- 4.1 Difference Equations and Impulse Responses -- 4.2 System Representation Using Its Impulse Response -- 4.3 The Methods That One May Use to Solve the Difference Equations -- 4.4 The Classical Approach -- Problems -- 5 Discrete-Time Fourier Series (DTFS -- 5.1 DTFS Coefficients of Periodic Discrete Signals -- 5.2 Parseval's Relation -- 5.3 Discreet Fourier Series -- Problems -- 6 Discrete-Time Fourier Transform (DTFT -- 6.1 Frequency Response -- 6.2 DTFT for Any Discrete Signal -- 6.3 Inverse DTFT -- 6.4 Interconnection of Systems -- 6.5 DTFT Properties -- 6.6 Applications of DTFT -- 6.7 LSI Systems and Difference Equations -- 6.8 Solving Difference Equations Using DTFT -- 6.9 Frequency Response in MATLAB -- Problems -- 7 Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT -- 7.1 Method of Decimation-in-Frequency -- 7.2 Method of Decimation-in-Time -- 7.3 Properties of Discrete Fourier Transform -- 7.4 Discrete Fourier Transform of a Sequence in MATLAB -- 7.5 Linear Convolution Using the DFT -- 7.6 Generation of Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform in MATLAB -- Problems -- 8 Fast Fourier Transform (FFT -- 8.1 Fast Fourier Transform Definition -- 8.1.1 Decimation-in-Time FFT -- 8.1.2 Decimation-in-Frequency FFT -- 8.2 Finding the FFT of Different Signals in MATLAB -- 8.3 Power Spectral Density Using Square Magnitude and Autocorrelation -- 8.3.1 Equivalence of FFT and N-phase Sequence Component Transformation. |
Problems -- 9 Z-Transform -- 9.1 Z-Transform Representation -- 9.2 Region of Convergence (ROC -- 9.3 Properties of the z-transform -- 9.4 Inverse z-transform -- 9.4.1 Partial Fraction Expansion and a Look-up Table -- 9.4.2 Power Series -- 9.4.3 Contour Integration -- Problems -- 10 Z-Transform Applications in DSP -- 10.1 Evaluation of LTI System Response Using Z-Transform -- 10.2 Digital System Implementation from Its Function -- 10.3 Pole-Zero Diagrams for a Function in the z-Domain -- 10.4 Frequency Response Using z-Transform -- Problems -- 11 Pole-Zero Stability -- 11.1 Concept Poles and Zeros -- 11.1.1 Stability Determination Based z-Transform -- 11.1.2 The Z-Transform -- 11.1.3 The "z-Plane -- 11.2 Difference Equation and Transfer Function -- 11.3 BIBO Stability -- 11.4 The z-Plane Pole-Zero Plot and Stability -- 11.5 Stability Rules -- Problems -- 12 Sampling -- 12.1 Relating the FT to the DTFT for Discrete-Time Signals -- 12.2 Sampling -- 12.3 Band-Limited Signals -- 12.4 Sampling of Continuous-Time Signals -- 12.5 Sampling Theorem -- 12.6 Band-Pass Sampling -- 12.7 Quantization -- 12.8 Uniform and Non-Uniform Quantization -- 12.9 Audio Sampling -- 12.10 Sampling Rate -- Problems -- 13 Digital Filters -- 13.1 Types Of Filters -- 13.1.1 Low-Pass Filters -- 13.1.2 High-Pass Filters -- 13.1.3 Band-Pass Filters -- 13.1.4 Band-Stop Filters -- 13.2 Infinite-Impulse-Response (IIR) Digital Filter -- 13.2.1 Design of Filters Using Bilinear |
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Transformation -- 13.2.2 Infinite-Impulse Response Filtering -- 13.2.3 Filter Characteristics -- 13.3 Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Digital Filter -- 13.3.1 The Advantages of FIR Filters -- 13.3.2 FIR Specifications -- 13.3.3 Gibbs Phenomenon and Different Windowing -- 13.4 Comparison of IIR and FIR Digital Filters -- Problems -- 14 Implementation of IIR -- 14.1 Direction-Form I Realization. |
14.2 Direction-Form II Realization -- 14.3 Cascade (Series) Realization -- 14.4 Parallel Realization -- 14.5 Transposed-Direct-Form-I -- 14.6 Transposed-Direct-Form-II -- 14.7 Implementation of a Notch Filter by MATLAB -- 14.8 Implementation of Infinite-Impulse Response Filters -- 14.8.1 Analog-to-Digital Filter Design -- 14.8.2 Bilinear Transformation -- Problems -- 15 Implementation of FIR -- 15.1 Finite Impulse Response Filter Representation -- 15.2 Window Method -- 15.3 FIR-Filter Length Estimation Using Window Functions -- Problems -- 16 Digital Filter Design -- 16.1 IIR Filter Design -- 16.1.1 Analog-Filter Design -- 16.1.2 Bilinear Transformation (IIR Digital Filter -- 16.1.3 Higher-Order IIR Digital Filters -- 16.1.4 IIR Digital High-Pass, Band-Pass, and Band-Stop Filter Design -- 16.1.5 Design a IIR Low-Pass Filter Using MATLAB -- 16.1.6 Design a IIR High-Pass Filter Using MATLAB -- 16.1.7 Design an IIR Band-Pass Filter Using MATLAB -- 16.2 FIR-Filter Design -- 16.2.1 Design of FIR Filters Using Windows -- Problems -- Selected Bibliography -- Appendix A: Complex Numbers -- Appendix B: Mathematical Formulas -- Appendix C: MATLAB -- Index. |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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Digital Signal Processing:A Primer with MATLAB provides excellent coverage of discrete-time signals and systems. At the beginning of each chapter, an abstract states the chapter objectives. Allprinciples are alsopresented in a lucid, logical, step-by-step approach. As much as possible, the authors avoid wordiness and detail overload that could hide concepts and impede understanding. In recognition of requirements by the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) on integrating computer tools, the use of MATLAB is encouraged in a student-friendly manner.MATLAB is introduced in Appendix C and applied gradually throughout the book. Each illustrative example is immediately followed by practice problems along with its answer. Students can follow the example step-by-step to solve the practice problems without flipping pages or looking at the end of the book for answers. These practice problems test students' comprehension and reinforce key concepts before moving onto the next section. Toward the end of each chapter, the authors discuss some application aspects of the concepts covered in the chapter. The material covered in the chapter is applied to at least one or two practical problems. It helps students see how the concepts are used in real-life situations. Also, thoroughly worked examples are given liberally at the end of every section. These examples give students a solid grasp of the solutions as well as the confidence to solve similar problems themselves. Some of hte problems are solved in two or three ways tofacilitate a deeper understanding and comparison of different approaches. Designed for a three-hour semestercourse, Digital Signal Processing:A Primer with MATLAB is intended as a textbook for a senior-level undergraduate student in electrical and computer engineering. The prerequisites for a course based on this book are knowledge of standard mathematics, including calculus and complex numbers. |
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