Static Analysis [[electronic resource] ] : 16th International Symposium, SAS 2009, Los Angeles, CA, USA, August 9-11, 2009, Proceedings / / edited by Jens Palsberg, Zhendong Su

• Record Nr.: UNISA996465283503316
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Berlin, Heidelberg : , : Springer Berlin Heidelberg : , : Imprint : Springer, , 2009
• ISBN: 1-280-38313-5; 9786613561053; 3-642-03237-0
• Edizione: [1st ed. 2009.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (X, 362 p.)
• Collana: Programming and Software Engineering ; ; 5673
• Disciplina: 005.13
• Soggetti: Programming languages (Electronic computers); Software engineering; Computer programming; Computer logic; Mathematical logic; Programming Languages, Compilers, Interpreters; Software Engineering/Programming and Operating Systems; Programming Techniques; Logics and Meanings of Programs; Software Engineering; Mathematical Logic and Formal Languages
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Invited Talks -- Algorithmic Program Synthesis with Partial Programs and Decision Procedures -- Algorithmic Verification of Systems Software Using SMT Solvers -- Contributed Papers -- Abstraction Refinement for Quantified Array Assertions -- Inferring Dataflow Properties of User Defined Table Processors -- Polymorphic Fractional Capabilities -- Automatic Parallelization and Optimization of Programs by Proof Rewriting -- Refinement of Trace Abstraction -- The Causal Graph Revisited for Directed Model Checking -- Proving the ; Correctness of the Implementation of a Control-Command Algorithm -- Abstract Interpretation of FIFO Replacement -- A Verifiable, Control Flow Aware Constraint Analyzer for Bounds Check Elimination -- Increasing the Scope and Resolution of Interprocedural Static Single Assignment -- Region Analysis for Race Detection -- Bottom-Up Shape Analysis -- The Complexity of Andersen’s Analysis in Practice -- Optimizing Pointer Analysis Using Bisimilarity -- Type Analysis for JavaScript -- Abstract Parsing: Static Analysis of Dynamically Generated String Output Using LR-Parsing Technology -- Creating Transformations for Matrix Obfuscation -- Abstract Interpretation from a Topological Perspective -- Interval Polyhedra: An Abstract Domain to Infer Interval Linear Relationships -- Invariant Checking for Programs with Procedure Calls -- Inter-program Properties.
• Sommario/riassunto: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 16th International Symposium on Static Analysis, SAS 2009, held in Los Angeles, CA, USA in August 2009 - co-located with LICS 2009, the 24th IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science. The 21 revised full papers presented together with two invited lectures were carefully reviewed and selected from 52 submissions. The papers address all aspects of static analysis including abstract domains, abstract interpretation, abstract testing, compiler optimizations, control flow analysis, data flow analysis, model checking, program specialization, security analysis, theoretical analysis frameworks, type based analysis, and verification systems.

Books, buildings, and learning outcomes : an impact evaluation of World Bank support to basic education in Ghana / / Howard Nial White

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910971684603321
• Autore: White Howard <1960->
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Washington, DC, : World Bank, 2004
• ISBN: 1-280-08425-1; 9786610084258; 1-4175-4574-7
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: xxvii, 221 pages : illustrations (some color) ; ; 27 cm
• Collana: Operations evaluation studies
• Disciplina: 370/.9667
• Soggetti: Basic education - Ghana - Finance; Educational assistance - Ghana - Evaluation; Educational evaluation - Ghana
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Foreword, Prólogo, Avant-propos -- Executive Summary, Résumen, Résumé Analytique -- Abbreviations and Acronyms -- 1 Introduction -- Scope and Purpose of the Study -- Evaluation Questions: What Explains Educational Performance? -- Overview of the Study -- 2 Changes in Basic Education Since the 1980s -- The Education System Before 1986 -- The 1986 Reform Program -- FCUBE and Decentralization -- Budget -- School-Level Inputs -- 3 The Bank's Education Portfolio in Ghana -- Overview -- The Sector Adjustment Credits: EdSAC I and II -- Investing in Basic Education: PSD and BESIP -- The Role of Other Donors -- 4 The Bank's Impact on Education Policies and Outputs -- The Bank and Educational Reform -- Education Sector Outputs -- 5 Educational Performance Has Improved -- School Attainment: Higher Enrollments and Better Completion Rates -- Improved Test Scores -- 6 Causes and Consequences of Improved Educational Performance -- Better Inputs -- From Inputs to Outputs (Attainment and Achievement) -- From Outputs to Outcomes -- 7 Lessons Learned and Progress Toward the MDGs -- Progress Toward the Millennium Development Goals -- Lessons Learned -- Annexes -- Annex A: Test Examples -- Annex B: Budget ; Analysis -- Annex C: School Costs -- Annex D: School-Level Changes in Inputs, Management, and Methods -- Annex E: Tables Of School Quality Variables -- Annex F: Variable Definition -- Annex G: Analysis of Test Scores -- Annex H: Data on Educational Performance -- Annex I: School Attainment -- Annex J: Conditions Attached to Bank Credits -- Annex K: Education and Welfare Outcomes -- Annex L: Evaluation Approach Paper -- Endnotes -- Bibliography -- Boxes -- Box 1.1: Evaluation design: costs and benefits -- Tables -- Table 1.1: Coverage of data collection instruments.; Table 3.1: World Bank support to Ghana's education sector, 1986-2003 -- Table 3.2: Allocation of resources under EdSAC I and II -- Table 3.3: Allocation of resources under PSD project and BESIP -- Table 4.1: Activities in World Bank basic education projects -- Table 5.1: Drop-out rates are low (2003) -- Table 5.2: Student performance is returning to the levels attained 40 years ago (average test scores of primary school leavers by decade) -- Table 6.1: Results from studies of education and social outcomes in Ghana -- Table 6.2: Percentage reductions in welfare outcomes caused by higher school attainment -- Table 7.1: Progress toward the education related MDGs -- Figures -- Figure 1.1: Ghana's education system went into decline in the mid-1970s starting a slow but steady recovery since the mid-198 -- Figure 1.2: How educational inputs affect welfare outcomes -- Figure 2.1: Restructuring of education system -- Figure 2.2: Government spending on education has risen: central government education expenditure -- Figure 2.3: Schools in nearly all areas have more material inputs than before: cluster-level material inputs to school quality -- Figure 2.4: The quality of school infrastructure has improved in most areas: cluster-level physical inputs to school quality -- Figure 2.5: The proportion of teachers who are trained rose -- Figure 2.6(a): Efficiency gains have been realized by increasing the pupil-teacher ratio -- Figure 2.6(b): But the PTR is too high in the Savannah region (PTR by zone, 2003) -- Figure 3.1: Bank disbursements on an annual and project basis, FY86-02 -- Figure 5.1: More children are attending school (attendance rates by age group) -- Figure 5.2: And gender and regional gaps are closing (enrollment differentials, 6-11 year olds) -- Figure 5.3: More children finish school (primary completion rates ).; Figure 5.4: School outputs have improved: test scores plotted against years of schooling -- Figure 5.5: Criterion Reference Test scores in public schools have risen each year, 1992-2000.
• Sommario/riassunto: This book examines the impact of World Bank-supported educational reforms introduced in Ghana since 1986 and related investment projects in support of basic education. A nation-wide survey of households, schools, and teachers found that both the quantity and quality of schooling has improved over the last fifteen years. Enrolments in basic education have increased by over 10 percent compared to 15 years ago. And whereas 15 years ago nearly two-thirds of primary school graduates were illiterate, less than one in twenty are so today. These improvements in learning outcomes are clearly and strongly linked to better welfare as measured by higher income, better nutrition, and reduced mortality.; The gains in educational outputs can be directly linked to better school quality, manifested in improved infrastructure and greater availability of school supplies. Today it is the norm to have one textbook per child for math and English: rather than one per class as was common before the advent of reforms. Increased school quality can in turn be linked to the Bank's support which has financed the construction of 8,000 classroom blocks and provided 35 million textbooks over the last 15 years. Moreover Bank support helped sustain initially unpopular reforms, demonstrating the efficacy of ; working in partnership with a government committed to a well-defined sectoral strategy.