Deep secrets [[electronic resource] ] : boys, friendships, and the crisis of connection / / Niobe Way

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910460346003321
• Autore: Way Niobe <1963->
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Cambridge, Mass., : Harvard University Press, 2011
• ISBN: 0-674-04664-1
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (337 p.)
• Disciplina: 155.5/32
• Soggetti: Male friendship; Emotions in adolescence; Emotions in children; Electronic books.
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: pt. 1. Friendships during early and middle adolescence -- pt. 2. Friendships during late adolescence.
• Sommario/riassunto: "Boys are emotionally illiterate and don't want intimate friendships." In this empirically grounded challenge to our stereotypes about boys and men, Niobe Way reveals the intense intimacy among teenage boys especially during early and middle adolescence. Boys not only share their deepest secrets and feelings with their closest male friends, they claim that without them they would go "wacko." Yet as boys become men, they become distrustful, lose these friendships, and feel isolated and alone.Drawing from hundreds of interviews conducted throughout adolescence with black, Latino, white, and Asian American boys, Deep Secrets reveals the ways in which we have been telling ourselves a false story about boys, friendships, and human nature. Boys' descriptions of their male friendships sound more like "something out of Love Story than Lord of the Flies." Yet in late adolescence, boys feel they have to "man up" by becoming stoic and independent. Vulnerable emotions and intimate friendships are for girls and gay men. "No homo" becomes their mantra.These findings are alarming, given what we know about links between friendships and health, and even longevity. Rather than a "boy crisis," Way argues that boys are experiencing a "crisis of ; connection" because they live in a culture where human needs and capacities are given a sex (female) and a sexuality (gay), and thus discouraged for those who are neither. Way argues that the solution lies with exposing the inaccuracies of our gender stereotypes and fostering these critical relationships and fundamental human skills.

Development of medications for the treatment of opiate and cocaine addictions : issues for the government and private sector / / Carolyn E. Fulco, Catharyn T. Liverman, and Laurence E. Earley, editors ; Committee to Study Medication Development and Research at the National Institute on Drug Abuse, Division of Biobehavioral Sciences and Mental Disorders, Institute of Medicine

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910971012703321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Washington, DC, : National Academy Press, 1995
• ISBN: 9786610192991; 9780309176521; 0309176522; 9781280192999; 1280192992; 9780309587914; 0309587913; 9780585025414; 058502541X
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: xvii, 250 p. : ill
• Altri autori (Persone): FulcoCarolyn; LivermanCatharyn T; EarleyLaurence E
• Disciplina: 616.86/32061
• Soggetti: Drug addiction - Treatment; Cocaine abuse - Treatment; Substance abuse - Treatment
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Committee chairman: Laurence E. Earley.; Support for this study was provided by the National Institute on Drug ; Abuse.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references.
• Nota di contenuto: Development of Medications for the Treatment of Opiate and Cocaine Addictions: Issues for the Government and Private Sector -- Copyright -- Acknowledgments -- Preface -- Note to the Reader -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- STATE OF THE SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE ON ADDICTION -- NIDA'S MEDICATIONS DEVELOPMENT DIVISION -- EFFECTIVENESS OF TREATMENT -- TREATMENT FINANCING -- TRAINING AND EDUCATION -- FEDERAL REGULATORY ISSUES -- Food and Drug Administration -- Drug Enforcement Administration -- STATE REGULATORY ISSUES -- Interim Actions -- Long-Term Actions -- MARKET OBSTACLES AND CREATING INCENTIVES -- Size of the Market -- Drug Pricing and Intellectual Property Rights -- Societal Stigma -- NEED FOR FEDERAL LEADERSHIP -- CONCLUSIONS -- OPTIONS FOR FURTHER CONSIDERATION -- REFERENCES -- 1 Introduction -- PUBLIC-HEALTH REPERCUSSIONS OF ILLICIT DRUG USE -- Health Consequences: Violence -- Health Consequences: AIDS -- Health Consequences: Tuberculosis -- Health Consequences: Drug-exposed Infants -- ECONOMIC COSTS OF ILLICIT DRUG USE TO SOCIETY -- EXTENT OF ILLICIT DRUG USE -- ROLE OF PHARMACOTHERAPY -- REFERENCES -- 2 Overview of the State of Scientific Knowledge Concerning Drug Addiction -- CONCEPTS OF DRUG ADDICTION -- BIOLOGICAL CORRELATES AND PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY OF ADDICTION -- Opiate Addiction -- Cocaine Addiction -- MDD AND STRATEGIES FOR THE DISCOVERY OF A COCAINE MEDICATION: DESCRIPTION AND CRITICAL ANALYSIS -- Introduction -- Source of Compounds -- Medication Preclinical Screening -- In Vitro Screen-Receptors and Mechanisms of Action -- In Vivo Screen-Behavioral Tests -- Specific Conclusions and Recommendations for the MDD -- Clinical Trials -- Human Behavioral Models -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- 3 Assessment of the Medications Development Division -- STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF THE MEDICATIONS DEVELOPMENT DIVISION.; Mission and History -- Research Focus on Opiates and Cocaine -- Program Objectives -- Organizational Structure -- Budget Process -- Resources and Funding Instruments -- Types of Grants and Contracts -- Interagency Agreements -- CRADAs -- Screening Agreements -- Training -- RELATIONSHIPS WITH OTHER FEDERAL AGENCIES AND THE PRIVATE SECTOR -- Food and Drug Administration -- Drug Enforcement Administration -- Office of Protection from Research Risks -- Pharmaceutical Industry -- ASSESSMENT OF THE MEDICATIONS DEVELOPMENT DIVISION -- Staff and Resources -- Drug-Discovery Programs -- Clinical Trials -- Clinical-Research Training -- Relationships with Regulatory Agencies -- Interaction with the Private Sector -- SUMMARY -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- 4 Treatment Setting and Effectiveness -- TREATMENT SETTING -- Opiate Addiction -- Cocaine Addiction -- DEMOGRAPHIC AND FINANCIAL PROFILE -- Opiate-Dependent Patients -- Cocaine-Dependent Patients -- TREATMENT EFFECTIVENESS AND COST-EFFECTIVENESS -- Methadone Maintenance Treatment -- Effectiveness -- Cost-Effectiveness -- Cocaine Addiction Treatment -- Effectiveness -- Cost-Effectiveness -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION -- REFERENCES -- 5 Treatment Financing and Trends in Health Insurance -- FINANCING OF TREATMENT -- Financing the Treatment of Opiate Addiction -- Financing the Treatment of Cocaine Addiction -- FINANCING OF LAAM FOR THE TREATMENT OF OPIATE ADDICTION -- IMPACT OF HEALTH INSURANCE TRENDS ON MEDICATIONS DEVELOPMENT -- Trends in Drug Abuse Treatment Benefits -- REFERENCES -- 6 Training and Education -- EXPANDING THE CORE OF ; RESEARCHERS AND CLINICIANS -- Training Programs -- Fellowships -- Certification -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- INCREASING KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS AMONG PRIMARY CARE PHYSICIANS -- Required Education in Medical Schools -- Residency Training.; Continuing Education -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- COMPREHENSIVE DRUG ABUSE CENTERS -- Proposed Model -- Existing Research and Training Centers -- CSAT Centers -- NIDA Research Centers -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- 7 Federal Laws and Regulations -- CREATION OF A DRUG BY THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY -- FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION -- Recent Initiatives to Expedite Availability of New Drugs -- Market Exclusivity and Orphan Drug Status -- FDA Guidelines on Evaluation of Anti-Addiction Drugs -- DRUG ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION -- Scheduling -- Quotas -- Regulatory Authority Over Anti-Addiction Drugs In Development -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 8 State Laws and Regulations -- STATE REGULATORY LANDSCAPE -- Scheduling -- Treatment -- Admission Criteria -- Staffing Requirements -- Patient Registries -- Drug Screening -- Medication Take-Home Policies -- Clinical Research -- LAAM: A CASE STUDY -- Federal Regulations -- State Regulations -- Scheduling/Rescheduling -- Treatment Regulations -- Clinic Approval -- CONCLUSIONS -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- Interim Actions -- Long-Term Actions -- REFERENCES -- 9 Market Obstacles and Creating Incentives -- MARKET OBSTACLES TO PRIVATE-SECTOR INVESTMENT -- Nature and Size of the Market -- Drug Pricing and Intellectual Property Rights -- Societal Stigma -- Clinical Research on Anti-Addiction Medications -- Product Liability -- NEED FOR FEDERAL LEADERSHIP -- CONCLUSIONS -- OPTIONS FOR FURTHER CONSIDERATION -- REFERENCES -- Appendix A Acknowledgements -- Appendix B Organization and Mission Statements of NIDA's Medications Development Division and Its... -- MEDICATIONS DEVELOPMENT DIVISION MISSION STATEMENT -- Biometrics Branch Mission Statement -- Chemistry and Pharmaceutics Branch Mission Statement -- Clinical Trials Branch Mission Statement.; Pharmacology and Toxicology Branch Mission Statement -- Regulatory Affairs Branch Mission Statement -- Appendix C Diagnostic Criteria for Psychoactive Substance Dependence -- Appendix D Survey of Pharmaceutical Companies -- ATTACHMENT 1 -- ATTACHMENT 2 -- Appendix E Model Federal Programs in Pharmaceutical R&amp -- D -- ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUG DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM -- Background -- Elements of Success -- NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE CANCER-DRUG DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS -- Background -- Preclinical Research -- Clinical Research -- Elements of Success -- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES DRUG DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS -- Background -- Preclinical Research -- Clinical Research -- Elements of Success -- REFERENCES -- Appendix F Workshop Agenda and Participants -- WORKSHOP AGENDA -- PARTICIPANT LIST -- Appendix G Health Care Reform Legislation -- UNIVERSALITY OF COVERAGE -- PRESCRIPTION DRUG BENEFITS -- DRUG ABUSE TREATMENT BENEFITS -- INSURANCE REFORM -- FINANCING HEALTH CARE REFORM AND THE FATE OF MEDICAID -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Appendix H Acronyms.
• Sommario/riassunto: Pharmacotherapy, as a means of treating drug addiction in combination with other treatment modalities, has received too little attention from the research community, the pharmaceutical industry, public health officials, and the federal government. Medications to combat drug addiction could have an enormous impact on the medical consequences and socioeconomic problems associated with drug abuse, both for ; drug-dependent individuals and for American society as a whole. This book examines the current environment for and obstacles to the development of anti-addiction medications, specifically those for treating opiate and cocaine addictions, and proposes incentives for the pharmaceutical industry that would help overcome those obstacles and accelerate the development of anti-addiction medications.