Mitigating vulnerability to high and volatile oil prices : : power sector experience in Latin America and the Caribbean / / Rigoberto Ariel Yepez-Garcia, Julie Dana

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910970597703321
• Autore: Yepez-Garcia Rigoberto Ariel
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Washington, D.C. : , : World Bank, , c2012
• ISBN: 9786613693440; 9781280783050; 1280783052; 9780821395783; 0821395785
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: pages cm
• Collana: Directions in development. Energy and mining
• Altri autori (Persone): DanaJulie <1969->
• Disciplina: 338.2/3282098
• Soggetti: Petroleum products - Prices - Latin America; Petroleum products - Prices - Caribbean Area; Energy consumption - Latin America; Energy consumption - Caribbean Area; Energy policy - Latin America; Energy policy - Caribbean Area
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references.
• Nota di contenuto: Contents; Foreword; Acknowledgments; Abbreviations; Units of Measure; Executive Summary; Oil Price Evolution and Risk Exposure; Figures; ES.1 Oil Trade Balance as a Percentage of GDP; Who Bears the Risk Burden?; Reducing Short-Term Price Uncertainty; Reducing Oil Consumption over the Long Run; What Can Be Done; How Much Can It Help?; Tables; ES.1 Overlapping Time Frames for Implementing Alternatives to Manage Oil Price Volatility; Chapter 1 Introduction; Effects of High and Volatile Oil Prices; 1.1 Evolution of WTI Oil Prices and Volatility, 2000-12; Study Background and Objective; Structure of This ReportNotes; References; Chapter 2 Economic Effects of High and Volatile Oil Prices; Effects of High Oil Prices; Effects of Oil Price Volatility; What Is the Risk Distribution?; 2.1 Pricing, Utility ; Ownership, and Stakeholder Relationships; 2.1 Distribution Scenarios of Higher Energy Costs; Boxes; 2.1 Reducing the Cost Burden of Subsidies; Summary Remarks; Notes; References; Chapter 3 Economic Indicators of Vulnerability: Analysis of Latin America and the Caribbean; Oil Trade Dynamics; 3.1 Country and Subregional Comparisons of Oil Imports as Share of GDP; 3.2 Ratio of Net Oil Imports or Exports to GDP in LAC Countries3.3 Comparisons of Primary Energy Supply by Source, 2008; Oil Exporter versus Importer; 3.1 Regional Energy Cooperation for Socioeconomic Development; 3.1 Oil Imports in Central America, 2006-08; 3.2 Oil Expenditure as Share of GDP in Central America, 2006-08; Dynamics of Oil Price Hikes and Subsidies; 3.4 Growth Effect Comparisons from Higher Oil Prices in Latin America and the Caribbean; 3.3 Macroeconomic Effects of Higher Oil Prices in Selected Countries of Latin America and the Caribbean; 3.4 Change in Energy Subsidies in Central America, 2007-08Summary Remarks; Notes; References; Chapter 4 Managing Oil Price Dynamics in the Power Sector: Experience in Latin America and the Caribbean; Oil-Dependent Energy Mix and Cost of Power Generation; Distribution of Costs and Risks; 4.1 Electricity Generation Mix in Selected Countries and Regions, 2007; 4.1 Oil Price Exposure in Guatemala; 4.2 Impact of Oil Price Changes on Power Generation Costs, 2006; 4.1 Electricity Market Structure in Central America and the Caribbean; 4.2 Majority Ownership of Power Utilities in Countries of Central America and the CaribbeanEconomic Impacts on the Sector; 4.2 Subsidies and Fiscal Vulnerability in Honduras; 4.3 Pricing Policy Trade-Offs in Guyana; 4.4 Peru's Oil Stabilization Fund; Summing Up; Note; Reference; Chapter 5 Price Risk Management Instruments; Overview of Instruments; 5.1 Overview of Selected Hedging Instruments: Advantages and Disadvantages; Risk Assessment; 5.1 Prices of WTI Crude Oil, Heating Oil, and HFO, 2001-10; Hedging Possibilities for Power Market Agents; 5.1 Hedging Natural Gas for Mexican Generators and Final Consumers
• Sommario/riassunto: This book addresses the need of oil-importing countries to mitigate vulnerability to oil price volatility. It offers financial instruments to manage price risk, complemented by structural measures designed to reduce oil consumption.

Algorithmic Learning Theory : 19th International Conference, ALT 2008, Budapest, Hungary, October 13-16, 2008, Proceedings / / edited by Yoav Freund, László Györfi, György Turán, Thomas Zeugmann

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910484043803321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Berlin, Heidelberg : , : Springer Berlin Heidelberg : , : Imprint : Springer, , 2008
• ISBN: 3-540-87987-0
• Edizione: [1st ed. 2008.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (XIII, 467 p.)
• Collana: Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, , 2945-9141 ; ; 5254
• Disciplina: 005.1
• Soggetti: Data mining; Artificial intelligence; Natural language processing (Computer science); Digital humanities; Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery; Artificial Intelligence; Natural Language Processing (NLP); Digital Humanities
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Invited Papers -- On Iterative Algorithms with an Information Geometry Background -- Visual Analytics: Combining Automated Discovery with Interactive Visualizations -- Some Mathematics behind Graph Property Testing -- Finding Total and Partial Orders from Data for Seriation -- Computational Models of Neural Representations in the Human Brain -- Regular Contributions -- Generalization Bounds for Some Ordinal Regression Algorithms -- Approximation of the Optimal ROC Curve and a Tree-Based Ranking Algorithm -- Sample Selection Bias Correction Theory -- Exploiting Cluster-Structure to Predict the Labeling of a Graph -- A Uniform Lower Error Bound for Half-Space Learning -- Generalization Bounds for K-Dimensional Coding Schemes in Hilbert Spaces -- Learning and Generalization with the Information Bottleneck -- Growth Optimal Investment with Transaction Costs -- Online Regret Bounds for Markov Decision Processes with Deterministic ; Transitions -- On-Line Probability, Complexity and Randomness -- Prequential Randomness -- Some Sufficient Conditions on an Arbitrary Class of Stochastic Processes for the Existence of a Predictor -- Nonparametric Independence Tests: Space Partitioning and Kernel Approaches -- Supermartingales in Prediction with Expert Advice -- Aggregating Algorithm for a Space of Analytic Functions -- Smooth Boosting for Margin-Based Ranking -- Learning with Continuous Experts Using Drifting Games -- Entropy Regularized LPBoost -- Optimally Learning Social Networks with Activations and Suppressions -- Active Learning in Multi-armed Bandits -- Query Learning and Certificates in Lattices -- Clustering with Interactive Feedback -- Active Learning of Group-Structured Environments -- Finding the Rare Cube -- Iterative Learning of Simple External Contextual Languages -- Topological Properties of Concept Spaces -- Dynamically Delayed Postdictive Completeness and Consistency in Learning -- Dynamic Modeling in Inductive Inference -- Optimal Language Learning -- Numberings Optimal for Learning -- Learning with Temporary Memory -- Erratum: Constructing Multiclass Learners from Binary Learners: A Simple Black-Box Analysis of the Generalization Errors.
• Sommario/riassunto: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Algorithmic Learning Theory, ALT 2008, held in Budapest, Hungary, in October 2008, co-located with the 11th International Conference on Discovery Science, DS 2008. The 31 revised full papers presented together with the abstracts of 5 invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 46 submissions. The papers are dedicated to the theoretical foundations of machine learning; they address topics such as statistical learning; probability and stochastic processes; boosting and experts; active and query learning; and inductive inference.