1.

Record Nr.

UNINA9910157437903321

Autore

Tauber Alfred I.

Titolo

Immunity : the evolution of an idea / / Alfred I. Tauber

Pubbl/distr/stampa

New York, NY : , : Oxford University Press, , 2017

ISBN

0-19-065126-1

0-19-065127-X

0-19-065125-3

Descrizione fisica

1 online resource (329 pages)

Classificazione

SCI075000MED044000

Disciplina

616.07/9

Soggetti

Immunology - Philosophy

Lingua di pubblicazione

Inglese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia

Note generali

Previously issued in print: 2017.

Nota di bibliografia

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Nota di contenuto

Cover; Immunity; Copyright; Dedication; Contents; Preface; Acknowledgments; Introduction; 1. A History of the Immune Self; 2. Whither Immune Identity?; 3. Individuality Revised; 4. Immune Cognition; 5. Eco-​immunology; 6. A New Biology?; Epilogue; Notes; References; Index

Sommario/riassunto

Immunology is the science of biological identity. Three key characteristics—individuality, identification, and immunity—together define immune identity, and as one notion changes meaning, so do the others. The story of this mutual dependence begins with the discovery of infectious diseases, when immunity, conceived as the response to invading pathogens, focused on the infected patient—later formalized as the “immune self.” That orientation, signifying autonomy much in line with cultural norms of individuality, dominated twentieth-century immune theory. Although an effective idiom, the self construct has proven inadequate to account for the organism’s normal physiology and exchanges with the environment. When integrated into its larger ecology, immunity’s governing model shifts from defense to the more basic cognitive function of information processing that discerns benign from the toxic. The effector function (assimilate or eliminate) only follows identification of the immune object. Moreover, as a cognitive–communicative system (analogous to the brain), the immune system’s various roles assume their full expression only when the organism is



considered in its total environment—“internal” and “external.”

From this perspective, beyond defending an insular individual, immunity accounts for the organism’s mutualist relationships that characterize the holobiont, where lines of demarcation are blurred. In response to this ecologically informed conception of the individual, the idea of immunity correspondingly widens. The implications of this revised configuration of immunity and its deconstructed notions of individuality and selfhood have wide significance for philosophers and life scientists working in immunology, ecology, and the cognitive sciences.

2.

Record Nr.

UNINA9910970572203321

Titolo

Foundational issues in human brain mapping / / edited by Stephen Jose Hanson and Martin Bunzl

Pubbl/distr/stampa

Cambridge, Mass., : MIT Press, c2010

ISBN

9786612638183

9780262265560

0262265567

9781282638181

1282638181

9780262265850

0262265850

Edizione

[1st ed.]

Descrizione fisica

1 online resource (343 p.)

Altri autori (Persone)

HansonStephen Jose

BunzlMartin

Disciplina

612.8/2

Soggetti

Brain mapping

Brain - Magnetic resonance imaging

Lingua di pubblicazione

Inglese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia

Note generali

"A Bradford Book."

Nota di bibliografia

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Nota di contenuto

Contents; Acknowledgments; Introduction; I Location and Representation; 1 A Critique of Functional Localizers; 2 Divide and Conquer: A Defense of Functional Localizers; 3 Commentary on Divide



and Conquer: A Defense of Functional Localizers; 4 An Exchange about Localism; 5 Multivariate Pattern Analysis of fMRI Data: High-Dimensional Spaces for Neural and Cognitive Representations; II Inference and New Data Structures; 6 Begging the Question: The Nonindependence Error in fMRI Data Analysis; 7 On the Proper Role of Nonindependent ROI Analysis: A Commentary on Vul and Kanwisher

8 On the Advantages of Not Having to Rely on Multiple Comparison Corrections9 Confirmation, Refutation, and the Evidence of fMRI; 10 Words and Pictures in Reports of fMRI Research; 11 Discovering How Brains Do Things; III Design and the Signal; 12 Resting-State Brain Connectivity; 13 Subtraction and Beyond: The Logic of Experimental Designs for  Neuroimaging; 14 Advancements in fMRI Methods: What Can They Inform about the Functional Organization of the Human Ventral Stream?; 15 Intersubject Variability in fMRI Data: Causes, Consequences, and Related Analysis Strategies

IV The Underdetermination of Theory by Data16 Neuroimaging and Inferential Distance: The Perils of Pictures; 17 Brains and Minds: On the Usefulness of Localization Data to Cognitive Psychology; 18 Neuroimaging as a Tool for Functionally Decomposing Cognitive Processes; 19 What Is Functional Neuroimaging For?; References; Contributors; Index; Color Insert

Sommario/riassunto

The field of neuroimaging has reached a watershed and critiques and emerging trends are raising foundational issues of methodology, measurement, and theory. Here, scholars reexamine these issues and explore controversies that have arisen in cognitive science, cognitive neuroscience, computer science, and signal processing.