1.

Record Nr.

UNINA9910969850903321

Autore

Tsounta Evridiki

Titolo

Universal Health Care 101 : : Lessons for the Eastern Caribbean and Beyond / / Evridiki Tsounta

Pubbl/distr/stampa

Washington, D.C. : , : International Monetary Fund, , 2009

ISBN

9786612842825

9781462326518

146232651X

9781452790435

1452790434

9781451872088

1451872089

9781282842823

128284282X

Edizione

[1st ed.]

Descrizione fisica

1 online resource (37 p.)

Collana

IMF Working Papers

Disciplina

332.1

Soggetti

Medical economics

Medical care, Cost of

Aging

Analysis of Health Care Markets

Demography

Economics of the Elderly

Economics of the Handicapped

Expenditure

Expenditures, Public

Health care spending

Health care

Health economics

Health Policy

Health systems & services

Health

Health: General

Health: Government Policy

Medical care

National Government Expenditures and Health

Non-labor Market Discrimination

Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies

Population & demography



Population aging

Population and demographics

Public finance & taxation

Public Finance

Public Health

Regulation

Social security contributions

Social security

Taxation

Taxes

Welfare & benefit systems

Taiwan Province of China

Lingua di pubblicazione

Inglese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia

Note generali

Description based upon print version of record.

Nota di bibliografia

Includes bibliographical references.

Nota di contenuto

Contents; I. Introduction; II. What are the Available Financing Options for Universal Health Care?; III. The Challenges of Population Aging and the Epidemiological Transition; IV. What Would Be the Optimal Tax: General Taxation Versus Mandatory Payroll/ Social Security Contributions?; V. Providing Universal Coverage: A Single Provider or Numerous Providers?; Boxes; 1. National Health Insurance in Taiwan Province of China (POC); VI. Designing the Benefit Package; 2. The Targeting of Health Services to the Poor: An International Perspective

VII. Preconditions for Successfully Implementing Health Care Reforms3. The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE); 4. Examples of Planning and Gradually Extending Universal Health Care: Republic of Korea and Taiwan Province of China; VIII. Conclusions; References; Tables; 1. Selected Countries with Universal Health Care; 2. Selected Caribbean Countries Planning Universal Health Care Coverage; 3. ECCU: Official Development Assistance for Health, 1973-2005; Figures; 1. ECCU: Long-Term Health Care Costs, 2005-35; 2. ECCU: Diabetes Prevalence by Age Group, 2000-30

3. ECCU: Cost of Treating Diabetes, 2000-30Appendices; I. Proposed Universal Health Care System in St. Lucia; II. Projecting Long-term Health Care Costs Due to Population Aging; III. Estimating Age-adjusted Health Spending

Sommario/riassunto

Despite the increasing interest in universal health care, little is known about the optimal way to finance, design, and implement it. This paper attempts to fill this gap by providing some general policy recommendations on this important issue. While most of the paper addresses the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union (ECCU) countries, its policy implications are applicable to any country. The paper finds that the best financing option is country-specific depending on a country’s economic, cultural, institutional, demographic and epidemiological characteristics, as well as political economy considerations. However, taxation should be the primary financing source. It also concludes that an appropriate and realistic benefit package would need to be designed to ensure the system’s financial viability. Regarding the optimal way to implement universal health care, certain preconditions are needed,



including sound public administration, a small informal economy, and a transparent health financing system that builds social consensus.

2.

Record Nr.

UNINA9911007036903321

Autore

Harmsen Jan

Titolo

Multiphase Reactors : Reaction Engineering Concepts, Selection, and Industrial Applications

Pubbl/distr/stampa

Berlin/Boston : , : Walter de Gruyter GmbH, , 2023

©2023

ISBN

9781523157440

1523157445

9783110713770

3110713772

Edizione

[1st ed.]

Descrizione fisica

1 online resource (344 pages)

Collana

De Gruyter Textbook Series

Altri autori (Persone)

BosRené

Disciplina

660.2832

Soggetti

Technology & Engineering / Chemical & Biochemical

Lingua di pubblicazione

Inglese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia

Nota di contenuto

Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- About the authors -- Part A: Multiphase reactors: chemical reaction engineering -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Overview of multiphase reactors -- Part B: Fundamentals -- 3 Scale-independent basics relevant for all reactors -- 4 Residence time distribution and mixing theory -- 5 Inter- and intraphase mass and heat transfer -- 6 Quantification of mass transfer in G-L(-S) reactors -- 7 Heat management -- 8 Multiphase reactor modeling -- Part C: Stage-gate innovation methods -- 9 Stage-gate innovation methods -- 10 Multiphase reactor selection -- 11 New reaction systems through all innovation stages -- Part D: Education -- 12 Education guidelines -- 13 Industrial cases -- 14 Education case study: polyolefin CRE and scale-up -- Index.

Sommario/riassunto

This Multiphase Reactors book is about fundamentals, selection, design, development (scale-up) and applications of two- and three-phase reactors. It is a graduate textbook focused on creating



understanding of the fundamentals, as much as possible without resorting to mathematics. It also is full of real-life industrial applications and examples from the authors’ own experiences. The target audience comprises students and industrial practitioners who may or may not have had formal training in chemical reaction engineering. Each chapter explains the subject and contains take home messages, examples, worked out cases, quiz questions, and exercises.