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1. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910960749803321 |
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Titolo |
America's long-term fiscal outlook / / Raleigh E. Walker, editor |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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New York, : Nova Science Publishers, Inc., c2010 |
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ISBN |
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Edizione |
[1st ed.] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (166 p.) |
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Collana |
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America in the 21st century : political and economic issues series |
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Altri autori (Persone) |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Budget - United States |
Government spending policy - United States |
Fiscal policy - United States |
United States Appropriations and expenditures Forecasting |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Description based upon print version of record. |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references and index. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Intro -- AMERICA'S LONG-TERM FISCAL OUTLOOK -- AMERICA'S LONG-TERM FISCAL OUTLOOK -- LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 THE ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE LONG-TERM FEDERAL BUDGET OUTLOOK -- SUMMARY -- PROJECTIONS SHOW THAT CURRENT FISCAL POLICY IS UNSUSTAINABLE -- The Effects of Current Policy on the Economy -- Why Can't the Contributions of Young Workers Finance the Benefits That They Have Been Promised? -- Trust Funds Cannot Finance Future Benefits from a Government-Wide Perspective -- ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF REFORM OPTIONS -- Prefunding to Reduce the Scope of Policy Changes -- Inter-Generational Equity -- Reducing Uncertainty -- Reform Options: Reducing Benefits -- Social Security24 -- Medicare and Medicaid -- Reform Options: Raising Taxes -- Reform Options: Individual Accounts -- CONCLUSION -- End Notes -- Chapter 2 THE LONG-TERM BUDGET OUTLOOK -- THE FEDERAL BUDGET OUTLOOK OVER THE LONG RUN -- Introduction and Summary -- The Outlook for Federal Spending -- BOX 1-2. AGING, EXCESS COST GROWTH IN HEALTH SPENDING, AND THE FEDERAL BUDGET -- The Outlook for Revenues -- Projected Deficits and Debt -- How Would Rising Federal Debt Affect the Economy? -- BOX 1-3. WHY IS FEDERAL DEBT HELD BY THE PUBLIC IMPORTANT? -- Debt as a Measure of Fiscal Sustainability |
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-- Historical and Cross-Country Debt Comparisons -- Alternative Fiscal Scenario -- Extended-Baseline Scenario -- What Are the Costs of Delaying Action on the Budget? -- THE LONG-TERM OUTLOOK FOR MEDICARE AND MEDICAID -- Overview of the Medicare Program -- Overview of the Medicaid Program -- Growth in the Programs' Costs -- Medicare -- Medicaid -- Projections of the Programs' Costs -- Projections Under Alternative Assumptions -- Trust Fund Measures -- Slowing the Growth of Health Care Costs -- THE LONG-TERM OUTLOOK FOR SOCIAL SECURITY. |
How Social Security Operates -- The Outlook for Social Security Spending -- Slowing the Growth of Social Security Spending -- THE LONG-TERM OUTLOOK FOR OTHER FEDERAL SPENDING -- Discretionary Spending -- Defense Discretionary Spending -- BOX 4-1. HOW FUNDING FOR OPERATIONS IN IRAQ AND AFGHANISTAN AND FOR OTHER ACTIVITIES RELATED TO THE WAR ON TERRORISM AFFECTS PROJECTIONS OF DEFENSE SPENDING -- Nondefense Discretionary Spending -- Other Mandatory Spending -- THE LONG-TERM OUTLOOK FOR REVENUES -- Revenues Over the Past 50 Years -- Factors Affecting Future Federal Revenues -- Revenue Projections Under CBO's Long-Term Budget Scenarios -- Individual Income Taxes -- Other Revenues -- Implications of the Long-Term Budget Scenarios for Revenues -- Impact of the AMT -- Marginal Tax Rates on Income from Labor and Capital -- Impact of Inflation -- End Notes -- Chapter 3 LONG-TERM FISCAL OUTLOOK: LONG-TERM FEDERAL FISCAL CHALLENGE DRIVEN PRIMARILY BY HEALTH CARE -- WHY GAO DID THIS STUDY -- WHAT GAO FOUND -- THE LONG-TERM FISCAL OUTLOOK REMAINS UNSUSTAINABLE -- THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT'S LONG-TERM FISCAL OUTLOOK IS DRIVEN PRIMARILY BY HEALTH CARE -- Health Care Costs Have Outpaced Economic Growth -- Systemwide Growth in Health Care Spending Is Driven by Certain Key Factors -- THE WINDOW OF OPPORTUNITY IS NARROWING -- End Notes -- Chapter 4 THE NATION'S LONG-TERM FISCAL OUTLOOK -- GAO'S LONG-TERM FISCAL SIMULATIONS -- WHY DOES IT MATTER? -- WHAT HAS CHANGED SINCE OUR LAST FEDERAL MODEL UPDATE? -- WHAT DRIVES OUR NATION'S LONG-TERM FISCAL OUTLOOK? -- STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS FACE SIMILAR LONG-TERM FISCAL CHALLENGES -- THE FISCAL GAP- ANOTHER WAY TO MEASURE THE CHALLENGE -- KEY ASSUMPTIONS IN OUR FEDERAL SIMULATIONS -- End Notes -- CHAPTER SOURCES -- INDEX. |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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This text contains a variety of research related to the future of America's federal budget. Significant uncertainty surrounds long-term fiscal projections, but under any plausible scenario, the federal budget is on an unsustainable path- that is, federal debt will grow much faster than the economy over the long run. |
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2. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910968575903321 |
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Autore |
McDuie-Ra Duncan |
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Titolo |
Civil society, democratization and the search for human security : the politics of the environment, gender, and identity in northeast India / / Duncan McDuie-Ra |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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New York, : Nova Publishers, c2009 |
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ISBN |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (237 p.) |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Political participation - India - Meghalaya |
Civil society - India - Meghalaya |
Democratization - India - Meghalaya |
National security - India - Meghalaya |
Meghalaya (India) Politics and government |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references (p. [181]-203) and index. |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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This book examines the relationship between civil society and human security in the Indian state of Meghalaya, part of the region known as Northeast India. Civil society has been revived over the last two decades and is now one of the key concepts in development, politics, and international aid. The concept has gained particular significance as part of attempts to analyse and instigate grassroots democratisation through widespread political participation. This is seen as enabling a broader range of issues to be politicised and made a part of political agendas at the local, national, and global levels. However there are few studies that examine the constraints on civil society at the local level, even in contexts where civil society may appear to be active and vibrant. Those studies that do exist tend to focus on the constraints coming from the state, overlooking the constraints that come from within civil society itself. During the same period human security has gained prominence as a challenge to state-centric conceptions of security and as an alternative approach to development by focusing on the security and insecurity of groups and individuals. The concept has |
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been taken up by international organisations, development agencies, and bilateral donors as a more effective way to understand the difficulties people face in their everyday lives that go beyond conventional categories and indicators. In order for those experiencing insecurity to identify and contest the causes of insecurity, participation in civil society is necessary. |
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