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Record Nr. |
UNINA9910967545503321 |
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Titolo |
Microglia : biology, functions and roles in disease / / Charanjit Kaur and Ling Eng-Ang, editors |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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New York, : Nova Science Publishers, Inc., c2012 |
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ISBN |
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Edizione |
[1st ed.] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (331 p.) |
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Collana |
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Cell biology research progress |
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Altri autori (Persone) |
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KaurCharanjit |
Eng-AngLing |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Nervous system - Degeneration |
Microglia |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references and index. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Intro -- MICROGLIA: BIOLOGY, FUNCTIONS AND ROLES IN DISEASE -- MICROGLIA: BIOLOGY, FUNCTIONS AND ROLES IN DISEASE -- LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- REFERENCE -- Chapter 1: MICROGLIA IN THE DEVELOPING BRAIN -- ABSTRACT -- ABBREVATIONS -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. MICROGLIAL PHENOTYPES -- 1. Amoeboid Microglia -- 2. Ramified Microglia -- III. LOCALISATION OF MICROGLIAL CELLS IN THE DEVELOPING BRAIN -- 1. Developing Cerebrum -- 2. Developing Cerebellum -- IV. ULTRASTRUCTURAL FEATURES OF AMCS -- V. FUNCTIONS OF MICROGLIA IN THE DEVELOPING BRAIN -- 1. Phagocytosis -- 2. Immune Functions of Microglia -- 3. Iron Acquisition -- 4. Nitric Oxide Production -- 5. Growth Factors -- 6. Microglia in Myelination -- 7. Microglia in Neurogenesis and Astrogenesis -- 8. Microglia and Synapses -- 9. Microglia and Vascularisation -- XIII. MICROGLIA IN DISORDERS OF THE DEVELOPING BRAIN -- 1. Infections -- 2. Periventricular White Matter Damage -- 3. Epilepsy -- 4. Autism -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2: THE MYSTIC EMBRYONIC MICROGLIA: ITS ORIGIN, FUNCTION AND SEEDING -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- NEUROECTODERMAL ORIGIN OF MICROGLIA -- MONOCYTIC ORIGIN OF MICROGLIA -- MESODERMAL ORIGIN OF MICROGLIA -- TROUBLESHOOTING -- MIGRATION CHARACTERISTICS OF MICROGLIA -- If Microglia Use the |
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Blood Vessels -- If Microglia Are Derived from Meningeal Sources -- DEVELOPMENTAL ROLES OF MICROGLIA -- Angiogenesis -- Scavengers of Cell Debris -- Synaptics Pruning -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3: SOLDIERS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM: MICROGLIA IN SURVEILLANCE, OFFENSE AND DEFENSE -- ABSTRACT -- SOLDIERS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM: MICROGLIA IN SURVEILLANCE, OFFENSE AND DEFENSE -- MARKERS OF MICROGLIA -- MICROGLIA AS SURVEILLANCE CELLS -- MICROGLIA AND DEVELOPMENT -- MICROGLIA AND DISEASE -- Neuron-Glia Interactions. |
Microglia and Pathogens -- Microglia and Neuropathogenesis -- MICROGLIA AND REGENERATION -- THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES AND CHALLENGES -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4: MICROGLIA SECRETOME: FROM NEUROTOXINS TO NEUROTROPHINS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. MICROGLIA SECRETOME -- 3. IDENTIFICATION OF SECRETOME COMPONENTS -- 4. NEUROTROPHIC FACTORS -- 4.1. Neuroprotective Cytokines -- 4.2. Growth Factors -- 4.3. Neuroprotective Enzymes -- 4.4. Other Potential Neuroprotective Substances -- 5. NEUROTOXIC FACTORS -- 5.1. Reactive Molecules -- 5.2. Neurotoxic Enzymes -- 5.3. Other Potential Neurotoxic Substances -- 6. FACTORS WITH MULTIPLE EFFECTS -- 6.1. Cytokines -- 6.2. Cathepsins and Cystatins -- 6.3. Other Substances with Multiple Effects -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5: THE ROLE OF MICROGLIA IN NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. NORMAL IMMUNE FUNCTIONS OF MICROGLIA -- 2.1. Microglia as Mediators of CNS Inflammation -- 2.2. The In Vivo Visualization of Activated Microglia -- 3. MICROGLIA IN NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE -- 3.1. Alzheimer's Disease and other Dementias -- 3.2. Parkinson's Disease and Related Disorders -- 3.3. Huntington's Disease -- 3.4. Multiple Sclerosis -- 3.5. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6: MICROGLIA FUNCTION IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- MICROGLIA FUNCTION IN AD -- Microglia -- Microglia in AD -- Microglia as Target for AD Therapy -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 7: BLOOD DERIVED MICROGLIA-LIKE CELLS IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE -- ABSTRACT -- 1. NEUROPATHOLOGY OF AD AND ACTIVATION OF MICROGLIA -- 1.1. Basic Neuropathological Features of AD -- 1.2. Dual and Opposing Effects of Microglia on Brain Pathology of AD -- 2. BLOOD-DERIVED MONOCYTIC CELLS IN THE AD BRAIN: OPENING OF NOVEL THERAPEUTIC AVENUES?. |
3. MECHANISMS OF THE ENGRAFTMENT OF BLOOD-DERIVED MONOCYTIC CELLS INTO THE AD BRAIN -- 3.1. Engraftment of Monocytic Cells without Preconditioning -- 3.2. Studies on Animal Models with Preconditioning -- 3.3. Phenotype of the Monocytic Cells that Enter the Brain and the Role of Chemokines and Adhesion Proteins -- 3.4. Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor and Engraftment of Monocytic Cells to the Brain -- 3.5. Potential Role of Prostaglandins in Engraftment of Monocytic Cells tothe Brain -- 3.6. Involvement of Toll Like Receptors and Myd88 in Engraftment ofMonocytic Cells to the Brain -- 4. MECHANISM OF CLEARANCE BY BONE-MARROW DERIVEDMONOCYTIC CELLS -- 4.1. Involvement of Phagocytosis and Lysosomal Pathway -- 4.2 A Special Role of Β-1,4-Mannosyl-Glycoprotein 4-Β-NAcetylglucosaminyltransferase -- 4.3. Other Molecules of Inflammatory Signaling in Ab Clearance by BMDerivedMonocytic Cells -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8: MICROGLIAL FUNCTIONS AGAINST AMYLOID-β ACCUMULATION IN BRAINS OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- Aβ AND HYPOTHESIS IN AD |
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PATHOGENESIS -- MICROGLIAL Aβ PHAGOCYTOSIS IN AD BRAIN -- REGULATION OF MICROGLIAL Aβ PHAGOCYTOSIS -- CELL THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES IN AD -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 9: MODULATION OF MICROGLIAL REACTION IN BRAIN INJURY BY NOVEL THERAPEUTIC TOOLS BASED ONGENE THERAPY APPROACHES -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. ROLE OF NEUROINFLAMMATION IN HIV-1 ASSOCIATED COGNITIVE DISORDER -- 3. EXPERIMENTAL MODELS -- 4. HIV-1 GP120 ELICITS INCREASES IN DIFFERENT POPULATIONS OF MICROGLIAL CELLS -- 5. THE INCREASE OF CD68-POSITIVE CELLS WAS DOSE- AND TIME-DEPENDENT -- 6. ASTROCYTE PROLIFERATION IN RESPONSE TO GP120 ADMINISTRATION -- 7. NEUROINFLAMMATION CORRELATES WITH NEURON LOSS AFTER GP120 INJECTION. |
8. RSV40-DELIVERED ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES REDUCE INFLAMMATION CAUSED BY GP120 -- 9. ACTIVATION OF MICROGLIAL CELLS AND ASTROCYTES PROLIFERATION AFTER INJECTION OF SV(GP120) INTO THE CP AND PROTECTION BY RSV40-DELIVERED ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES -- DISCUSSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 10: THE APPLICATION OF INHIBITORS OF MICROGLIAL ACTIVATION IN BRAIN DISEASES -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- 1. GLUCOCORTICOIDS -- 2. MINOCYCLINE -- 2.1. Parkinson's Disease -- 2.2. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) -- 2.3. Alzheimer's Disease (AD) -- 3. ENDOCANNABINOIDS -- 3.1. Alzheimer's Disease (AD) -- 3.2. Multiple Sclerosis -- 3.3. Parkinson's Disease -- 4. ACTIVIN -- 5. CHEMOKINES -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 11: MICROGLIAL ACTIVATION IS REDUCED BY PROSTAGLANDIN E2 -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- PROSTAGLANDIN E2 IS A REDUCTION FACTOR OF MICROGLIAL ACTIVATION -- PROSTAGLANDIN E2 REDUCES MICROGLIAL ACTIVATION THROUGH EP2 -- OTHER PROSTAGLANDIN E2 RECEPTORS MAY BE INVOLVED IN MICROGLIAL ACTIVATION -- MIROGLIAL ACTIVATION IS AUTO-REGULATED BY PROSTAGLANDIN E2 -- PROSTAGLANDIN D2 MIGHT AFFECT MICROGLIAL ACTIVATION -- PROSTAGLANDIN E2 PRODUCTION IS UP-REGULATED IN CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES -- EFFECT OF PROSTAGLANDIN E2 ON MICROGLIAL ACTIVATION HAS A NEUROPROTECTIVE ASPECT AGAINST CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 12: SYNAPTIC STRIPPING AND BEYOND: MICROGLIA OR ASTROCYTES? -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- MICROGLIAL ACTIVATION AND SYNAPTIC STRIPPING AFTER NERVE INJURY OF MOTOR NEURON -- REDUCED SYNAPTIC ACTIVITIES PRECEDS SYNAPTIC STRIPPING -- POSSIBLE SOURCES OF EXTRACELLULAR NUCLEOTIDES AFTER NERVE INJURY -- DIFFERENTIAL REACTIONS OF PERINEURONAL ASTROCYTES AND MICROGLIA AFTER HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE AXOTOMY -- ASTROCYTE AND MICROGLIA PLAY DISTINCT ROLES IN SYNAPTIC STRIPPING AND CELL FATE DECISION -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- ACKNOWLEGEMENTS. |
REFERENCES -- Chapter 13: MICROGLIA-TO-NEURON COMMUNICATION INSPINAL NOCICEPTIVE PATHWAYS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. NEURON-TO-MICROGLIA AND MICROGLIA-TO-NEURON COMMUNICATION IN NEUROPATHIC PAIN: THE NERVE INJURY MODEL -- 2.1. From Injured Primary Afferent Fibres to Spinal Microglia -- 2.2. Molecular Changes in Activated Spinal Microglia -- 2.3. From Spinal Microglia to DH Neurons -- 3. OTHER MODELS OF MICROGLIA-TO-NEURON COMMUNICATION IN NOCICEPTION -- 3.1. Diabetes-Induced Neuropathic Pain -- 3.2. Morphine and Microglia -- 4. CLINICAL APPLICATIONS -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 14: MICROGLIA IN HUNTINGTON DISEASE -- INTRODUCTION -- HUNTINGTON DISEASE HISTORY -- HD CLINICAL FEATURES -- HD |
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NEUROPATHOLOGY -- HD GENETICS -- HUNTINGTIN FUNCTION -- PUTATIVE MECHANISMS OF MUTANT HTT TOXICITY -- INTRODUCTION TO MICROGLIA -- INFLAMMATION IN HD -- COMPLEMENT SYSTEM AND HD -- NEUROINFLAMMATION IN HD -- PERIPHERAL VS. CENTRAL INFLAMMATION IN HD -- CASPASE INVOLVEMNT IN MICROGLIA ACTIVATION -- CASPASES AND HD -- THE KYNURENINE PATHWAY -- ALTERATIONS IN THE KYNURENINE PATHWAY IN HD -- TARGETING THE KYNURENINE PATHWAY IN HD -- MICROGLIA SIGNALING PATHWAYS IN HD -- IRON REGULATION IN THE BRAIN -- IRON IN HUNTINGTON DISEASE -- THE CANNABINOID SYSTEM -- CANNABINOIDS IN HD -- PERSPECTIVES AND CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 15: THE NEUROINFLAMMATORY ROLE OF SCHWANN CELLS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE -- ABSTRACT -- ABBREVIATIONS -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. SCHWANN CELLS ARE IMMUNE COMPETENT CELLS -- 2.1. Schwann Cells as Sensors of Danger within the PNS -- 2.2. Schwann Cells as Immune Effector Cells within the PNS -- 2.3. Schwann Cells as Antigen Presenting Cells? -- 3. THE NEUROINFLAMMATORY ROLE OF SCHWANN CELLS IN DISEASE -- 3.1. A Dysregulated Immune Response is the Driving Force of Inflammatory Neuropathies. |
3.2. A Secondary Immune Response in Hereditary Neuropathies Contributesto Disease Manifestation. |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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The pioneering studies by several leading researchers in the early part of the last century first described the existence of microglial cells both in the early brain development and in pathological conditions. Microglial cells were later established to be the resident brain macrophages and immunocompetent cells present ubiquitously in the central nervous system including the retina in association with other glial cells, neurons and blood vessels. The book should be of interest to cell biologists and neuroscientists in general. Basic scientists, neuroimmunologists, neurologists, neuropathologists and neurosurgeons should find the latest information on microglial cells useful in their continued effort in searching and designing potential therapeutic strategies for treatment of neurological disease for which microglial cells are implicated. |
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