Persistent forecasting of disruptive technologies / / Committee on Forecasting Future Disruptive Technologies, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, National Research Council of the National Academies

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910954517903321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Washington, D.C., : National Academies Press, c2010
• ISBN: 9786612554612; 9780309150330; 0309150337; 9781282554610; 1282554611; 9780309116619; 0309116619
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (137 p.)
• Disciplina: 601.12
• Soggetti: Disruptive technologies; Technological forecasting; Technological innovations
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references.
• Nota di contenuto: ""Front Matter""; ""Preface""; ""Acknowledgment of Reviewers""; ""Contents""; ""Acronyms and Abbreviations""; ""Glossary""; ""Summary""; ""1 Need for Persistent Long-Term Forecasting of Disruptive Technologies""; ""2 Existing Technology Forecasting Methodologies""; ""3 The Nature of Disruptive Technologies""; ""4 Reducing Forecasting Ignorance and Bias""; ""5 Ideal Attributes of a Disruptive Technology Forecasting System""; ""6 Evaluating Existing Persistent Forecasting Systems""; ""7 Conclusion""; ""Appendixes""; ""Appendix A: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members""; ""Appendix B: Meetings and Speakers""
• Sommario/riassunto: "Technological innovations are key causal agents of surprise and disruption. In the recent past, the United States military has ; encountered unexpected challenges in the battlefield due in part to the adversary's incorporation of technologies not traditionally associated with weaponry. Recognizing the need to broaden the scope of current technology forecasting efforts, the Office of the Director, Defense Research and Engineering (DDR&E) and the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) tasked the Committee for Forecasting Future Disruptive Technologies with providing guidance and insight on how to build a persistent forecasting system to predict, analyze, and reduce the impact of the most dramatically disruptive technologies. The first of two reports, this volume analyzes existing forecasting methods and processes. It then outlines the necessary characteristics of a comprehensive forecasting system that integrates data from diverse sources to identify potentially game-changing technological innovations and facilitates informed decision making by policymakers. The committee's goal was to help the reader understand current forecasting methodologies, the nature of disruptive technologies and the characteristics of a persistent forecasting system for disruptive technology. Persistent Forecasting of Disruptive Technologies is a useful text for the Department of Defense, Homeland Security, the Intelligence community and other defense agencies across the nation."--Publisher's description.

Nuclear chemistry : new research / / Axel N. Koskinen, editor

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910967540803321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: New York, : Nova Science Publishers, Inc., c2009
• ISBN: 1-61470-445-7
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (294 p.)
• Altri autori (Persone): KoskinenAxel N
• Disciplina: 541/.38
• Soggetti: Nuclear chemistry
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY:NEW RESEARCH -- NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY:NEW RESEARCH -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- SHORT COMMUNICATION -- ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF A LIGNITE-FIREDPOWER PLANT OPERATION: THE CASEOF MEGALOPOLIS, SOUTHERN GREECE -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Experimental -- Collection of Bulk Deposition Samples and Elemental Analysis -- Natural Radioactivity Measurements in Surface Soil Samples -- Indoor Radon Measurements -- Calculation of Radiological Effects -- Results and Discussion -- Elemental Concentrations -- Natural Radionuclides in Surface Soil Samples -- Indoor Radon Measurements -- Conclusions -- References -- RESEARCH AND REVIEW STUDIES -- Chapter 1THE ENHANCED DEPOSITION OF 137CS FALLOUTIN TROPICAL CLOUD FORESTS -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Cloud Forest -- Venezuelan Tropical Clouds Forests -- Cesium-137 (137Cs) and Soils -- Environmental Radioactivity Studies in Venezuela -- Bio Monitors -- Experimental -- A Short Description of the Different Study Areas -- Sampling Procedures -- Sample Preparation for Analysis -- Instrumentation -- 137Cs Measurements and Activity Determinations -- Results and Discussion -- 137Cs Activities in Surface Soils from the Island of Margarita Study Areas (G) -- 137Cs Activities in Surface Soils from the Altos de Pipe Tropical Cloud Forest (D) -- The Migration of 137Cs in Soils on the Island of Margarita (G) and Altos de Pipe (D) -- 137Cs Activities in Mosses from Tropical Cloud Forests and Foggy Areas -- 137Cs in Surface Soils from the Northern Central Coastal Study Area (E) -- 137Cs Activities in Surface Soils Collected at Cerro Santa Ana Study ; Area (B) -- 137Cs in Soils Collected in the Henri Pittier National Park Study Area (C) -- 137Cs in Surface Soils Collected on the Araya (F) and Paria (H) Peninsulas -- 137Cs in Soils from the Gran Sabana (L) and the Sierra de Pacarima (M).; 137Cs in Surface Soils Collected in the Guri Reservoir Study Area (I) -- 137Cs in Mosses, Lichens and Other Vegetation along the Caruay River (K) -- 137Cs in Soils and Vegetation Collected at the Sierra de Lema Study Area (J) -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 2CERAMIC IN ANCIENT SOCIETIES:A ROLE FOR NUCLEAR METHODS OF ANALYSIS -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- Chemical Characterization of Archaeological Ceramics and Clays by INAA -- NW Iberian Peninsula - Production and Trade of Pottery in BracaraAugusta -- Ceramics from Bracara Augusta -- Local and Regional Raw Material Sources -- Ceramics and Clays -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 3EFFECT OF BIOSUBSTANCES ON THE ROSFORMATION BY DEPLETED URANIUM -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Experimental -- Chemicals -- Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Measurements -- Determination of Uranium Peroxide -- Optical Absorption Spectral Measurements -- Determination of the Dissolved Oxygen Concentration in the ReactionMixture -- Results -- Hydroxyl Radical Formation in the DU-H2O2 System -- Kinetics of the Hydroxyl Radical Formation in the DU-H2O2 System -- Profile of the Reaction Occurring between DU and H2O2 -- Effects of Biosubstances on the Hydroxyl Radical Formation in the UO22+-H2O2 System -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Chapter 4RAPID AND AUTOMATED ANALYTICALTECHNOLOGIES FOR RADIOLOGICAL/NUCLEAREMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Section 1. Simultaneous Determination of 89Sr and 90Sr inFoodstuffs for Emergency Response -- Introduction -- Experimental Section -- Results and Discussion -- Summary -- Section 2. Automated Plutonium Urinalysis by Mass Spectrometry -- Introduction -- Experimental Section -- Results and Discussion -- Summary -- Section 3. Rapid Gamma Spectra Processing Using an AutomatedAnalysis Platform.; Introduction -- System Descriptions -- Results and Discussions -- Summary -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 5FIBER BRAGG GRATINGS AND THEIR APPLICATIONSAS TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY SENSORS -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Properties of Fiber Bragg Gratings -- 2.1. Optical Properties -- 2.2. Photosensitivity and Fabrication Techniques -- 3. Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors -- 4. Fiber Bragg Grating Temperature and Humidity Sensors -- 4.1. Theory -- 4.1.1. Fiber Bragg Grating Temperature Sensitivity -- 4.1.2. Temperature and Humidity Sensitivity of Polyimide-coated Bragg Gratings -- 4.2. Experimental Details -- 4.3. Temperature Sensing Response of Fiber Bragg Gratings -- 4.4. Humidity Sensing Response of Fiber Bragg Gratings -- 4.4.1. Humidity Sensing Response of a Polyimide-Coated Fiber Bragg Grating -- 4.4.2. Humidity Sensing Response of an Acrylate-coated Fiber Bragg Grating -- 5. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 6OXA-PENTANEDIAMIDE AND OXA-GLUTARAMICACID: NEW AND PROMISING LIGANDS IN NUCLEARINDUSTRY -- Abstract -- 1. Synthesis, Extraction Behaviors, Process Development andRadiolysis of Dialkylamides -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. Synthesis and Characterization of TODGA and Its Analogues -- (1) Preparation of diglycolic anhydride -- (2) Synthesis of mono-substituted oxa-pentaneamide -- (3) Synthesis of TBOPDA -- 1.3. Extraction of Metal Ions with Dialkylamides -- 1.3.1. Extraction of Sr(II) and Other Divalent Ions -- 1.3.2. Extraction of Trivalent Metal Ions -- 1.3.3. Extractions of Tetravalent Ions -- 1.3.4. Extraction of Metal ; Ions from Simulated High Active Waste and ProcessDevelopment -- 1.4. Radiolysis of TODGA -- 2. Synthesis, Properties of Aqueous-Soluble DAOGA andTAOPDA, and Their Applications -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.3. Study on Structures of the Complexes of Ln(III) with DMOGA -- IR measurements.; MS measurements -- EXAFS spectra -- 2.4. Determination of Stability Constant of Complexes of DMOGA withNp(IV) and Pu(IV) -- 2.5. Thermal Decomposition of DMOGA -- 2.6. Measurements of Distribution Ratio of Am(III)/ Ln(III), Pu(IV)/Np(IV),U(VI) with Varying HNO3 Concentration -- 2.7. Potential Application of DMOGA in the Simplification of TRPO Process -- 2.7.1. Stripping of TRU Elements from Loaded TRPO with DMOGA -- 2.7.2. The Conceptual Flowsheet of the Simplified TRPO Process -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7APPLICATION OF CENTRIFUGAL CONTACTORS INPARTITIONING OF HIGH LEVEL WASTE IN CHINA -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Centrifugal Contactors -- 3. Development of Centrifugal Contactors for Partitioning ofHLW -- 3.1. Laboratory-Scale -- 3.1.1. Modular Design -- 3.1.2. Improved Design of Housing -- 3.1.3. Sampling System -- 3.1.4. Rotor Speed Acquisition and Monitoring System -- 3.2. Industry-Scale -- 3.2.1. Modular Design -- 3.2.2. Overflow Structure Design -- 4. Application of Centrifugal Contactors in Partitioning of HLWin China -- 4.1. Tests of the TRPO Process for Removal of TRU Elements -- 4.2. The Cold Test of the CESE Process for Removal of Sr -- 4.3. The Hot Test of the Total Partitioning Process for Laboratory-Scale -- 4.4. The Cold Test of the Total Partitioning Process for Pilot-Scale -- 4.5. The Cold Test for Removal of Cs by iPr-C[4]C-6 -- 4.6. The Hot Test for Separation of Lanthanides and Actinides by thePurified Cyanex 301 -- 4.7. The Cold Test for Partitioning of HLW by DHDECMP-TBP -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8EFFECTIVENESS ASSESSMENT OF CORROSIONINHIBITORS OF BRONZE SURFACES,AN APPLICATION OF THE THIN LAYER ACTIVATIONTECHNIQUE TO MATERIALS OF INTERESTIN THE FIELD OF CULTURAL HERITAGE -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental Procedures -- 2.1. Materials -- 2.2. Bronze Surfaces Coating.; 2.3. The TLA Method -- 2.4. AFM Measurements -- 2.5. Artificial Ageing Experiments -- 2.5.1. Salt Spray Cabinet Test -- 2.5.2. Climatic Chamber Tests -- 2.6. Outdoor Exposures -- 3. Results and Discussion -- 3.1. Coated Surface Characterization -- 3.2. Distribution of the Activity versus Depth Functions in Bronze Alloys -- 3.3. Activated Specimens Exposures -- 3.3.1. Corrosion Tests of Bronze Specimens Coated with MPTS and BTAmix -- 3.3.2. Corrosion Tests of Bronze Specimens Coated with BTA and BTA AlkylDerivatives -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter9BINDINGANDSTRUCTUREPROPERTIESINMONTECARLOSIMULATIONFORNON-ISOSYMMETRICNUCLEI -- Abstract -- 1.Introduction -- 2.NuclearSimulations -- 3.NuclearBindingandStructureResults -- 4.Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- INDEX -- Blank Page.
• Sommario/riassunto: Nuclear chemistry is a subfield of chemistry dealing with radioactivity, nuclear processes and nuclear properties. This work presents the latest research in the field of nuclear chemistry.