Record Nr.

UNINA9910966390303321

Titolo

Physiological and ecological adaptations to feeding in vertebrates / / editors, J. Matthias Starck, Tobias Wang

Pubbl/distr/stampa


Enfield, NH, : Science Publishers, c2005

ISBN

1-281-94850-0

9786611948504

1-57808-650-7

Edizione

[1st ed.]

Descrizione fisica

viii, 423 p. : ill

Altri autori (Persone)

StarckJ. Matthias <1958->

WangTobias

Disciplina

573.3/16

Soggetti

Digestion

Physiology, Comparative

Adaptation (Biology)

Animal feeding

Lingua di pubblicazione

Inglese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia

Note generali

Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph

Nota di bibliografia

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Nota di contenuto

Intro -- Preface -- List of Contributors -- Contents -- 1. Diversity of Vertebrate Feeding Systems -- SYNOPSIS -- INTRODUCTION -- MORPHOLOGY OF THE FEEDING APPARATUS -- OVERVIEW OF VERTEBRATE FEEDING -- Feeding Mode, Sensory Biology and Foraging Strategy -- Vertebrate Feeding Stages -- Capture/Subjugation -- Ingestion -- Intraoral Transport -- Processing -- Swallowing -- CONSEQUENCES OF FEEDING-TAXONOMIC HIGHLIGHTS -- Fishes -- Amphibians -- Nonavian Reptiles -- Birds -- Mammals -- General Patterns -- Acknowledgments -- REFERENCES -- 2. Concepts of Digestive Efficiency -- SYNOPSIS -- INTRODUCTION -- DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGY -- FACTORS AFFECTING DIGESTIVE EFFICIENCY -- Dietery Effects -- Animal Effects -- Particle size and mastication -- Level of food intake -- Digestive tract capacity -- Morphological features that retard digesta flow -- Hydrolytic enzymatic activity -- Absorptive capacities -- CONCLUSION -- Acknowledgment -- REFERENCES -- 3. Carbohydrate Hydrolysis and Absorption: Lessons from Modeling Digestive Function -- SYNOPSIS -- MODELING GUT

FUNCTION: LESSONS FROM NECTAR- AND FRUIT-EATING BIRDS -- Guts as Chemical Reactors -- General features of digestion models -- Morphological analogies -- Reactor Models Applied to Nectar- and Fruit-eating Birds -- Modeling from the bottom up: tractability from digestive simplicity -- Mismatch between predictions about digestive strategies and empirical data -- Second Generation Reactor Models: Gut Function in Nectar-eating Birds -- SUMMARY AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS -- Acknowledgements -- REFERENCES -- 4. Digestive Constraints in Mammalian and Avian Ecology -- SYNOPSIS -- DIGESTIVE CONSTRAINTS: SIGNIFICANCE AND GENERAL PRINCIPLES -- DEFINING THE LIMITS: MAGNITUDE OF OVERALL DIGESTIVE CAPACITY AND ITS MEASUREMENT IN FEEDING TRIALS.

DEFINING MECHANISMS: DIGESTIVE FEATURES THAT MIGHT LIMIT OVERALL DIGESTIVE CAPACITY -- Limited Gastrointestinal Tract Volume as a Digestive Constraint -- Limited Rate of Mechanical Breakdown as a Digestive Constraint -- Limited Rate of Biochemical Breakdown as a Digestive Constraint -- Limited Rate of Nutrient Absorption as a Digestive Constraint -- HOW QUICKLY DOES DIGESTIVE CAPACITY INCREASE? -- Long-term Digestive Capacity-How High can it Go? -- FUTURE DIRECTIONS -- Acknowledgments -- REFERENCES -- 5. Paracellular Intestinal Absorption of Carbohydrates in Mammals and Birds -- SYNOPSIS -- INTESTINAL ABSORPTION OF CARBOHYDRATES -- Carrier-mediated Transport -- Modulation of Solute Uptake Capacities -- Nonmediated Uptake of Carbohydrates -- RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF PARACELLULAR CARBOHYDRATE UPTAKE IN MAMMALS -- ABSORPTION OF CARBOHYDRATES BY THE AVIAN INTESTINE -- Mechanistic Examinations of Paracellular Uptake -- CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS -- Acknowledgments -- REFERENCES -- 6. Mass-Balance Models for Animal Isotopic Ecology -- SYNOPSIS -- INTRODUCTION -- STABLE ISOTOPES: TERMINOLOGY PRIMER -- Fractionation -- Terminology: Caveat -- MIXING MODELS: GUIDE FOR THE PERPLEXED -- Linear Mixing Models -- Concentration-dependent Mixing Models -- Isotopic Routing -- Macronutrient Concentration-dependent Mixing Models -- Compound Specific Isotopic Analysis: Is It a Way Out? -- DYNAMICS OF ISOTOPIC INCORPORATION -- POTENTIAL MECHANISMS BEHIND A MAGICAL NUMBER WHY DOES delta15N INCREASE WITH TROPHIC LEVEL? -- Mass-Balance Model for Body Nitrogen -- Effect of Diet Varying in Protein Content on 15Nbody-diet -- The Effect of Protein Quality on 15Nbody-diet -- Do Fasting Animals Get Heavier? Effect of Negative Nitrogen Balance on delta15N -- Are Growing Animals Lighter? Effect of Growth on delta15N.

Testing and Refining Nitrogen Isotopic Composition Mass balance Models -- CONCLUDING REMARKS: ECOLOGICAL PATTERN, SEARCH FOR MECHANISTIC EXPLANATIONS, AND ROLE OF PHYSIOLOGICAL ECOLOGISTS -- Acknowledgments -- REFERENCES -- 7. Structural Flexibility of the Digestive System of Tetrapods - Patterns and Processes at the Cellular and Tissue Level -- SYNOPSIS -- INTRODUCTION -- BIRDS: DIGESTIVE SYSTEMS BETWEEN DIET SWITCHING, HYPERPHAGIA, AND FASTING -- Induced Changes vs Seasonal Changes -- Phenotypic Responses of the Gastrointestinal System: Patterns and Processes at the Level of Cells and Tissue -- CROCODILES -- SQUAMATES -- FROGS -- MAMMALS -- Conclusions -- COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE -- CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK -- REFERENCES -- 8. Adaptive Interplay Between Feeding Ecology and Features of the Digestive Tract in Birds -- SYNOPSIS -- INTRODUCTION -- CONSTRAINTS ON SIZE OF DIGESTIVE ORGANS -- Space -- Mass -- Energy Turnover -- CHANGING ORGAN SIZES IN GALLIFORMES, PASSERINES, WADERS, AND WATERFOWL -- Interspecific Comparisons

-- Intraspecific Comparisons -- Gizzard -- Intestine -- Liver -- FLEXIBILITY OF THE DIGESTIVE TRACT: DIET-RELATED VARIATIONS WITHIN RED KNOTS -- FEEDING ECOLOGY AND DIGESTIVE TRACT: COMPARISONS AMONG WADERS -- GENERAL DISCUSSION -- Acknowledgments -- REFERENCES -- 9. Gastrointestinal Responses to Fasting in Mammals: Lessons from Hibernators -- SYNOPSIS -- INTRODUCTION -- GASTROINTESTINAL RESPONSES TO FASTING IN NONHIBERNATING MAMMALS -- Morphological Changes -- Functional Changes -- GASTROINTESTINAL RESPONSES TO FASTING IN MAMMALIAN HIBERNATORS -- Morphological Changes in Hibernators -- Functional Changes in Hibernators -- Bile Production -- Gastrointestinal Motility -- Gastric Function -- Intestinal Brush Border Enzymes -- Intestinal Nutrient and Electrolyte Transport -- Urea Recycling -- Mucosal Immune System.

Gastrointestinal Response to Stress during Hibernation -- ECOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF FASTING IN MAMMALIAN HIBERNATORS -- CONCLUSIONS -- Acknowledgments -- REFERENCES -- 10. Interplay between Diet, Microbes, and Immune Defenses of the Gastrointestinal Tract -- SYNOPSIS -- INTRODUCTION -- INTERACTIONS BETWEEN ANIMALS AND THEIR MICROFLORA -- COMMENSAL MICROFLORA -- GASTROINTESTINAL DEFENSES -- Physical Defenses of the Mucosal Epithelium -- Secretions -- Mucosal Immune System -- Variability in the GALT -- Functional Responses of the Intestinal Immune System -- IgA responses in the GAL T -- Cell-mediated responses -- FUTURE PERSPECTIVES -- REFERENCES -- 11. Effects of Digestion on the Respiratory and Cardiovascular Physiology of Amphibians and Reptiles -- SYNOPSIS -- INTRODUCTION -- CHANGES IN METABOLISM DURING DIGESTION -- EFFECTS OF DIGESTION ON ACID-BASE STATUS -- Alkaline tide and its causes -- Ventilatory Compensation of the Alkaline Tide -- PARADOXICAL BEHAVIOR OF ARTERIAL BLOOD GASES DURING SDA -- CARDIOVASCULAR ADJUSTMENTS TO ELEVATED METABOLIC RATE -- Postprandial Intestinal Hyperaemia -- Increased Heart Rate and Cardiac Output During Digestion -- HEMATOLOGICAL RESPONSES AND CHANGES IN BLOOD OXYGEN AFFINITY -- INTERACTION BETWEEN DIGESTION AND OTHER PHYSIOLOGICAL STATES -- GENERAL CONCLUSIONS AND SOME PROSPECTIVES -- Acknowledgements -- REFERENCES -- 12. Specific Dynamic Action in Ectothermic Vertebrates: A Review of the Determinants of Postprandial Metabolic Response in Fishes, Amphibians, and Reptiles -- SYNOPSIS -- INTRODUCTION -- CHARACTERIZATION OF METABOLIC RESPONSE TO FEEDING: SPECIFIC DYNAMIC ACTION -- FACTORS AFFECTING POSTPRANDIAL METABOLISM -- Meal Size Effects -- Composition of Diet -- Effects of Venom -- Scaling Effects -- Feeding Frequency Effects -- Temperature Effects.

INTERACTION OF SDA AND OTHER METABOLICALLY DEMANDING ACTIVITIES -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- Acknowledgments -- REFERENCES -- 13. Control of Gut Motility and Secretion in Fasting and Fed Nonmammalian Vertebrates -- SYNOPSIS -- INTRODUCTION -- ANATOMY OF GUT AND GUT WALL -- CONTROL SYSTEMS OF THE GUT -- Autonomic Innervation of the Gut -- Vagus -- Spinal autonomic system innervating the gut -- Enteric nervous system -- Interstitial Cells of Cajal -- Gut Hormones and Neurotransmitters Affecting Motility and Secretion -- Cholecystokinin -- Gastrin-releasing peptide -- Ghrelin -- Changes in Innervation between (prolonged) Fasting and Fed Stages in Nonmammalian Species -- Development of ENS in Relation to Onset of Feeding -- CONTROL OF GUT MOTILITY -- Motility During Fasting -- Spontaneous contractions -- Migrating motor

complexes (MMCs) -- Consequences of Feeding on Gut Motility -- Reception and miking of food in the stomach -- Gastric emptying and intestinal transit -- Peristalsis of the intestine -- CONTROL OF SECRETION -- Gastric Acid Secretion -- Basal levels of gastric acid secretion -- Feeding and gastric acid Secretion -- Stimulation of acid secretion -- Pepsin/Pepsinogen Secretion -- Secretion of Bicarbonate -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- 14. Effects of Dietary Fatty Acids on the Physiology of Environmental Adaptation in Fish -- SYNOPSIS -- INTRODUCTION -- EFFECTS OF TISSUE FA PHENOTYPE ON RESPIRATORY METABOLISM AND TOLERANCE OF HYPOXIA -- DIFFERENT LEVEL OF ORGANISMAL ORGANIZATION: EFFECTS OF TISSUE FATTY ACID PHENOTYPE ON PERFORMANCE OF THE HEART -- EFFECTS OF TISSUE FATTY ACID PHENOTYPE ON SWIMMING PERFORMANCE -- EFFECTS OF DIETARY FATTY ACIDS ON OSMOREGULATORY CAPACITY -- EFFECTS OF DIETARY FATTY ACIDS ON ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE OF FISH LARVAE -- MECHANISMS UNDERLYING THE PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF FATTY ACIDS.

ECOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS OF DIETARY FATTY ACID AVAILABILITY FOR NATURAL FISH POPULATIONS.

Sommario/riassunto

Responding to recent interest in the gastrointestinal tract as a model for studies in physiological and ecological adaptation to fluctuating environmental conditions, this collection summarizes the current state of knowledge from an integrative perspective. The contributors come from the fields of comparative morphology, nutritional physiology, eco

Record Nr.

UNISALENTO991004411428907536

Autore

Danna, Daniela

Titolo

Che cosa è successo nel 2020? / Daniela Danna

Pubbl/distr/stampa


Trieste : Asterios, 2025

ISBN

9788893132916

Descrizione fisica

95 p. ; 20 cm

Collana

Volantini militanti ; 74