Early Childhood Development in Tonga : : Baseline Results from the Tongan Early Human Capability Index / / Sally Brinkman

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910959752603321
• Autore: Brinkman Sally
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Washington, D.C. : , : The World Bank, , 2016
• ISBN: 9781464810008; 1464810001
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (96 pages)
• Collana: World Bank Studies
• Disciplina: 305.231
• Soggetti: Child development; Child development - Polynesia; Tonga
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references.
• Nota di contenuto: Front Cover -- Contents -- Foreword by Alice Albright and Amit Dar -- Foreword by Ana Maui Taufe'ulungaki -- Acknowledgments -- About the Authors -- Abbreviations -- Executive Summary -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- Context of Tonga -- The Pacific Early Age Readiness and Learning Programme -- PEARL Pillars -- Tonga PEARL -- Chapter 2 The Importance of Measuring Early Childhood Development -- Early Childhood Development and School Readiness -- Measuring Early Childhood Development -- Chapter 3 Steps in the Development of the Tongan Early Human Capability Index -- Why Develop a New Measure of Early Human Capability for Tonga? -- Consultations: What Does a "Solid/Strong" Tongan Child Look Like When Starting School? -- Step 1: First Consultations -- Step 2: Second Consultation/Face Validity -- Step 3: Pilot Test -- Step 4: Third Consultation to Finalize Instrument -- The TeHCI -- Implementation of the Census -- Chapter 4 Results -- Resultant Sample Description -- TeHCI Descriptive Results -- Social and Demographic Factors Affect Child Development -- Early Childhood Stimulation in the Home Positively Affects Child Development -- Preschool Services Positively Affect Child Development -- Geographical Mapping -- Data Dissemination -- Chapter 5 Potential Future Use of the Early Human Capability Index in Tonga and Conclusions -- Exemplary Data Collection Process -- Conclusions -- Appendix A Back-; Translated and Tongan Versions of the TeHCI -- Appendix B Geographically Mapped Results of TeHCI Domains -- Appendix C Reliability and Validity of the TeHCI -- Discrimination -- Traditional Methods of Scale Reliability -- Rasch Modeling -- References -- Figures -- Figure 4.1 Activities in the Home Environment for Children Ages 3-5 -- Figure 4.2 Activities in the Child's Home Environment by Mother's Education Level -- Figure 4.3 Preschool Participation by Age and Sex.; Figure 4.4 Preschool Participation by Island Group -- Figure 4.5 Preschool Participation by Mother's Education Level -- Maps -- Map 4.1 Overall Development Map of Tongatapu -- Map 4.2 Overall Development Map of Vava'u -- Map 4.3 Overall Development Map of Ha'apai -- Map 4.4 Overall Development Map of 'Eua and the Niuas -- Map B.1 Approaches to Learning, Tongatapu -- Map B.2 Cultural and Spirituality, Tongatapu -- Map B.3 Literacy, Tongatapu -- Map B.4 Numeracy and Concepts, Tongatapu -- Map B.5 Perseverance, Tongatapu -- Map B.6 Physical Development, Tongatapu -- Map B.7 Social and Emotional Development, Tongatapu -- Map B.8 Verbal Development, Tongatapu -- Photos -- Photo 4.1 Launch of the TeHCI Results by Her Royal Highness the Princess of Tonga and Dr. Truman Packard, Lead Economist, World Bank -- Photo 4.2 Community Dissemination of the TeHCI Results on Tongatapu -- Photo 4.3 Community Dissemination of the TeHCI Results on Ui'ha Island and Ha'apai Island Group -- Tables -- Table 1.1 Tonga PEARL Schedule and Research -- Table 3.1 Tongan Early Human Capability Index Questionnaire Items -- Table 4.1 Estimated Participation Rate by Main Island Group -- Table 4.2 Sample Characteristics -- Table 4.3 Tongan Early Human Capability Index Descriptive Results -- Table 4.4 Child Development by Age -- Table 4.5 Child Development by Gender -- Table 4.6 Child Development by Educational Attainment of Child's Mother -- Table 4.7 Child Development by Island Group of Residence -- Table 4.8 Relationship between Reading in the Home Environment and Child Development -- Table 4.9 Relationship between Reading in the Home Environment and Child Development for Children Not Attending Preschool -- Table 4.10 Relationship between Reading in the Home Environment and Child Development for Children Attending Preschool.; Table 4.11 Relationship between Telling Stories in the Home Environment and Child Development -- Table 4.12 Relationship between Singing Songs in the Home Environment and Child Development -- Table 4.13 Relationship between Being Taken Outside the Home/Yard Environment and Child Development -- Table 4.14 Relationship between Playing in the Home Environment and Child Development -- Table 4.15 Relationship between Naming/Counting or Drawing Things with the Child in the Home Environment and Child Development -- Table 4.16 Relationship between Participation in Early Childhood Education and Developmental Outcomes -- Table 4.17 Relationship between Participation in Early Childhood Developmental Outcomes, Controlling for Confounders -- Table C.1 Internal Consistency of TeHCI Scales as Measured by Cronbach's Alpha.
• Sommario/riassunto: Early Childhood Development in Tonga offers a comprehensive assessment of early child development across Tonga using the Tongan Early Human Capability Index instrument. The data has information on more than 6,600 children, ages three to five, living across 36 inhabited islands, and reported for 129 communities. On the basis of population figures from the Tongan census data collection provided by the Tonga Department of Statistics, 81 percent of three- to five-year-olds participated in the Tongan Early Human Capability Index. The report ; details the development of the instrument used to collect the child development data to ensure cultural validity and local relevance, while still capturing the fundamental aspects of child development that are consistent across countries and cultures. As well as the development of the instrument, other countries will also be interested in learning about h the method of data collection across a country with remote and isolated islands using an innovative partnership between health and education. Using existing systems and community governance structures, the data was not only collected but also disseminated back to communities to raise awareness and prompt community and government mobilization to support early child development. The process of developing and implementing the Tongan Early Human Capability Index across Tonga helped build national and district capacity, and is encouraging the establishment of community-based supports for children. Researchers, policy makers, and practitioners as well as advocates for the development and enhancement of systems to monitor early child development worldwide will find this publication highly significant.

Polarimetric Doppler weather radar : principles and applications / / V.N. Bringi, V. Chandrasekar

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910965537503321
• Autore: Bringi V. N. <1949->
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Cambridge : , : Cambridge University Press, , 2001
• ISBN: 1-107-11507-8; 1-107-38533-4; 0-511-05069-0; 0-511-15450-X; 0-511-32839-7; 0-511-17456-X; 9786610418954; 0-511-54109-0; 0-521-01955-9; 1-280-41895-8
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (xxv, 636 pages) : digital, PDF file(s)
• Disciplina: 551.63/53
• Soggetti: Radar meteorology; Doppler radar; Polariscope; Radio waves - Polarization - Measurement; Polarimetry
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 05 Oct 2015).
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references (p. 607-628) and index.
• Nota di contenuto: 1. Electromagnetic concepts useful for radar applications -- ; 2. Scattering matrix -- ; 3. Wave, antenna, and radar polarization -- ; 4. Dual-polarized wave propagation in precipitation media -- ; 5. Doppler radar signal theory and spectral estimation -- ; 6. Dual-polarized radar systems and signal processing algorithms -- ; 7. The polarimetric basis for characterizing precipitation -- ; 8. Radar rainfall estimation -- ; App. 1. Review of electrostatics -- ; App. 2. Review of vector spherical harmonics and multipole expansion of the electromagnetic field -- ; App. 3. T-matrix method -- ; App. 4. Solution for the transmission matrix.
• Sommario/riassunto: This 2001 book provides a detailed introduction to the principles of Doppler and polarimetric radar, focusing in particular on their use in the analysis of weather systems. The design features and operation of practical radar systems are highlighted throughout the book in order to illustrate important theoretical foundations. The authors begin by discussing background topics such as electromagnetic scattering, polarization, and wave propagation. They then deal in detail with the engineering aspects of pulsed Doppler polarimetric radar, including the relevant signal theory, spectral estimation techniques, and noise considerations. They close by examining a range of key applications in meteorology and remote sensing. The book will be of great use to graduate students of electrical engineering and atmospheric science as well as to practitioners involved in the applications of polarimetric radar systems.