Chinese grammar at work / / Shuanfan Huang

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910965464003321
• Autore: Huang Xuanfan
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Amsterdam ; ; Philadelphia : , : John Benjamins Publishing Company, , [2013]; ©2013
• ISBN: 9789027271365; 9027271364
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (470 pages)
• Collana: Studies in Chinese language and discourse ; ; volume 1
• Disciplina: 495.15
• Soggetti: Chinese language - Grammar - Study and teaching; Chinese language - Grammar; Chinese philology
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Chinese Grammar at Work -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC data -- Table of contents -- Preface -- Abbreviations -- Glossing conventions -- Transcription conventions -- Chapter 1. Introduction -- 1.1 The empirical turn -- 1.2 Some findings from working with naturally occurring data -- 1.2.1 Syntax of the word of -- 1.2.2 Raising construction -- 1.2.3 Constancy of percentage of nouns -- 1.2.4 Emergence of epistemic formulae -- 1.2.5 Left dislocation -- 1.2.6 Syntax of adjectives -- 1.2.7 Classifiers -- 1.2.8 Adverbial clauses -- 1.3 Discourse pragmatics in the shaping of syntax -- 1.4 Database -- 1.5 Organization of the book -- Chapter 2. The dynamics of the clausal structure -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 An illustration -- 2.3 Types of IUs -- 2.4 Clause fragments -- 2.5 Attached and unattached NP IUs -- 2.6 Topic hierarchy -- 2.7 Connectives linking IUs -- 2.8 Connectives and prosody -- 2.9 Pause markers and language production -- 2.10 Sources of messy syntax -- 2.11 Interactional and cognitive motivations -- 2.12 Conclusion -- Note -- Chapter 3. Constituency and patterns of syntactic contiguity -- 3.1 Sequential contiguity and constituent relation -- 3.2 Prosodic grouping -- 3.3 Emergent structural units -- 3.4 Locally contingent categories -- 3.5 Extensions ; -- 3.6 Repair and constituency -- 3.7 Conclusion -- Note -- Chapter 4. Pragmatics of word order -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Database -- 4.3 Methodology -- 4.4 Basic word order -- 4.5 Valency role orders -- 4.6 Word order and information statuses of NPs -- 4.7 Word order, identifiability and generality -- 4.8 Topicality hierarchy -- 4.9 "Subject"-like properties of NPs in clause-initial position -- 4.10 Indeterminacy in the semantics and syntax of non-canonical constructions -- 4.11 Discussion and conclusion -- Notes -- Chapter 5. Referring expressions -- 5.1 Introduction.; 5.2 Cognitive statuses and referring expressions in Mandarin -- 5.2.1 Givenness hierarchy -- 5.2.2 The indefinite yi N -- 5.2.3 The emergence of the definite article in Mandarin -- 5.2.4 Uses of demonstrative determiners in Conversation -- 5.2.5 Summary -- 5.3 Referring expressions and the accessibility scale -- 5.3.1 Database -- 5.3.2 Accessibility and referential distance -- 5.3.3 Accessibility and competition -- 5.3.4 Accessibility and saliency -- 5.3.5 Summary -- 5.4 Degrees of accessibility: Finer distinctions -- 5.4.1 High accessibility markers: ZA and pronoun -- 5.4.2 Medium accessibility markers: Determinate NPs -- 5.4.3 Low accessibility markers -- 5.5 Conclusion -- Notes -- Chapter 6. Classifiers and classifier constructions -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 What classifers are -- 6.3 Types of numeral classifiers -- 6.4 Abstract nouns and an incipient mass/count distinction -- 6.5 Cognitive explanation -- 6.6 Affordance and blending classifiers: beyond sortal and mensural -- 6.7 Verbal classifiers -- 6.8 Classifier constructions -- 6.9 Some observations on the historical evolution of numeral classifiers -- 6.10 Conclusion -- Note -- Chapter 7. Noun-modifying constructions -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Multiple functions of de -- 7.3 Relativization strategies -- 7.4 The standard analysis of relative clause and its problems -- 7.5 Minor relativization strategy and other unusual relativization features -- 7.6 Absence of de in a clause -- 7.7 The absolutive hypothesis -- 7.8 Constituent structure of the relative clause -- 7.9 Conclusion -- Notes -- Chapter 8. Complementation constructions -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Methodology and database -- 8.3 Results -- 8.3.1 Matrix verb types -- 8.3.2 Mental verbs and verbs of saying -- 8.3.3 juede -- 8.3.4 kan -- 8.3.5 zhidao -- 8.3.6 xiang as the canonical mental predicate -- 8.4 Social action and complementation.; 8.5 Interim summary -- 8.6 Complementation and construction network -- 8.7 Conclusion -- Notes -- Chapter 9. Some more constructions in Chinese -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 The presentative construction -- 9.3 The gei constructions -- 9.3.1 Stability and variability in the gei construction -- 9.3.2 Various grammaticization paths of the verb gei -- 9.4 Dative constructions and Dative-like markers: gen, dui, bang -- 9.5 The ethnotheory of the person and emotion constructions -- 9.6 The shi...de construction -- 9.7 Fluidity of transitivity -- 9.7.1 Accommodation construction -- 9.7.2 The middle construction -- 9.8 Conclusion -- Notes -- Chapter 10. The left and right peripheries in the clause and sequence structure -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Sequential nature of linguistic expressions -- 10.3 An illustration -- 10.4 Discourse functions of bo -- 10.5 Sequentially sensitive nature of the discourse marker bo -- 10.5.1 Grammaticalization chains for bo -- 10.6 Turn-final discourse markers -- 10.7 Turn-initial vs. turn-final particles -- 10.7.1 Final particles in Taiwanese -- 10.7.2 Particle clusters -- 10.7.3 Final particles and subjectivity -- 10.8 Conclusion -- Notes -- Chapter 11. Projection and repair -- 11.1 The predictive mind -- 11.2 Types of projection -- 11.2.1 Resources for projection -- 11.2.2 Shenme as a placeholder -- 11.2.3 The projective construction -- 11.3 Pre's -- 11.4 Repair -- ; 11.4.1 Repair in verb-initial languages -- 11.4.2 Repair in Mandarin -- 11.4.3 Repair patterns -- 11.5 Conclusion -- Chapter 12. Grammar, construction and social action -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Constructions in mandarin conversation -- 12.3 The qishi construction -- 12.3.1 Schematic representations of the qishi construction -- 12.3.2 Variation on the qishi schema -- 12.4 Conclusion -- Notes -- Chapter 13. Meaning in interaction -- 13.1 Posing the problem.; 13.2 Meaning negotiation -- 13.3 Natural kind terms -- 13.4 Nominal kind terms -- 13.5 Meaning and belief -- 13.6 Meaning adaptation -- 13.7 Conclusion -- Chapter 14. Language, cognition and the complexity turn in grammatical research -- 14.1 Language in its natural habitat -- 14.2 Language and situated cognition -- 14.3 Language and embodied cognition -- 14.4 Mirror neuron system and the foundation of language -- 14.5 How language use shapes grammar -- 14.6 Emergence of language structure -- 14.7 Language as a pastiche of subregularities -- 14.8 Language as a complex adaptive system -- 14.9 Concluding remarks -- Notes -- References -- Index.
• Sommario/riassunto: Chinese Grammar at Work adopts a cognitive-functional approach and uses a corpus-based methodology to examine how Chinese syntax emerges from natural discourse context and what the evolving grammar at work looks like. In this volume the author weaves together an array of fresh perspectives on clause structure, constructions, interactional linguistics, cognitive science and complex dynamic systems to construct a grammar of spoken Chinese. The volume contains discussions of a large number of topics: contiguity relation, the roles of repair strategies in the shaping of constituent structure, non-canonical word order constructions, pragmatics of referring expressions, classifier constructions, noun-modifying constructions, verb complementation, ethnotheory of the person and constructions specific to the language of emotion, sequential sensitivity of linguistic materials, meaning potential in interaction, the nature of variability and stability in Chinese syntax from the perspective of complexity theory. The result is a volume that highlights the connections between language structure, situated and embodied nature of cognition and language use, and affords a true entrée to the exciting realm of Chinese grammar.

Jets from young stars V : high performance computing and applications / / J. Gracia, F. De Colle, T. Downes (eds.)

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910140008103321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Berlin ; ; London, : Springer, c2009
• ISBN: 9783642033704; 3642033709
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (XI, 227 p. 88 illus.)
• Collana: Lecture notes in physics, , 0075-8450 ; ; 791
• Classificazione: UD 8220
• Altri autori (Persone): GraciaJ (Jose); De ColleF (Fabio); DownesT (Turlough)
• Disciplina: 523.82
• Soggetti: Astrophysical jets - Mathematical models; Stellar dynamics; Magnetohydrodynamic instabilities
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: I High Performance Computing -- to Message-Passing Interface -- An Introduction to Grid Computing Using EGEE -- AstroGrid and the Virtual Observatory -- II Applications in Astrophysics -- Three Dimensional Continuum Radiative Transfer -- Large-Scale Jet Simulations -- Modeling Accretion and Ejection Phenomena Around Young Stars: A Numerical Perspective -- Jet Stability: A Computational Survey -- Jets and Outflows from Collapsing Objects.
• Sommario/riassunto: Studying the complex physical systems of stellar jets necessitates the incorporation of nonlinear effects which occur on a wide variety of length and timescales. One of the primary methods used to study the physics of jets is numerical simulations that apply high performance computing techniques. Such techniques are also required for analysing the huge modern astrophysical datasets. This book examines those computing techniques. It is a collection of the lectures from the fifth and final school of the JETSET network, "Jets From Young Stars V: High Performance Computing in Astrophysics." It begins with an introduction to parallel programming techniques, with an emphasis on Message Passing Interface (MPI), before it goes on to review grid technology ; techniques and offer a practical introduction to Virtual Observatory. The second half of the book, then, is devoted to applications of high performance computing techniques, including 3D radiation transfer, to jet and star formation processes. Aimed at graduate students in astrophysics, this book presents state-of-the-art methods, thereby offering interesting new insights to researchers in the field.