The First Century of the International Joint Commission

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910411918503321
• Autore: Clamen Murray
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Calgary, : University of Calgary Press, 2020
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (488 p.)
• Collana: Canadian History and Environment
• Soggetti: Environmental economics
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Sommario/riassunto: An essential introduction to, and overview of, the International Joint Commission and Canada-U.S. water relationships. The International Joint Commission oversees and protects the shared waters of Canada and the United States. Created by the Boundary Waters Treaty of 1909, it is one of the world's oldest international environmental bodies. A pioneering piece of transborder water governance, the IJC has been integral to the modern Canada-United States relationship. This is the definitive history of the International Joint Commission. Separating myth from reality and uncovering the historical evolution of the IJC from its inception to its present, this collection features an impressive interdisciplinary group of scholars and practitioners. Examining the many aspects of border waters from east to west The First Century of the International Joint Commission traces the three major periods of the IJC, detailing its early focus on water flow, its middle period of growth and increasing politicization, and its modern emphasis on ecosystems. Informative, detailed, and fascinating, The First Century of the International Joint Commission is essential reading for academics, contemporary policy makers, governments, and all those interested in sustainability, climate change, pollution, and resiliency along the Canada-US Border.

Invariant measurement : using Rasch models in the social, behavioral, and health sciences / / George Engelhard, Jr

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910964089203321
• Autore: Engelhard George <1953-, >
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: New York, N.Y. : , : Psychology Press, , 2013
• ISBN: 1-135-10452-2; 0-203-07363-0; 1-135-10453-0
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (514 p.)
• Disciplina: 150.28/7
• Soggetti: Psychometrics; Invariant measures; Rasch models; Psychology - Statistical methods; Social sciences - Statistical methods
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Cover; Title; Copyright; Dedication; Contents; Preface; Acknowledgments; About the Author; PART I Introduction; 1 Introduction and Overview; Variable Maps; What Are Logits?; The Dichotomous Rasch Model; Five Requirements of Invariant Measurement; Method and Meaning of Rasch Measurement; Illustrative Data Set: Measuring the Home Environment; Discussion and Summary; PART II Conceptual and Theoretical Issues; 2 Invariant Measurement; What Is Measurement?; What Is Invariant Measurement?; Ideal-Type Scales and the Structure of Measurement Data; What Are Rasch Models?; Item-Invariant Person MeasurementPerson-Invariant Item Calibration; Discussion and Summary; 3 Rasch Models; Operating Characteristic Functions; Dichotomous Rasch Model; Polytomous Rasch Models; Partial Credit Model; Rating Scale Model; Many Facet Model; Discussion and Summary; 4 Researcher-Constructed Measures; Building Blocks for Researcher-Constructed Measures; 1. Latent variable: What Is the Latent Variable Being Measured?; 2. Observational Design: What Is the Plan for Collecting Structured Observations or Responses from Persons ; in Order to Define the Latent Variable?; 3. Scoring Rules: How Do We Categorize the Systematic Observations, and then Assign Scores to the Categories To Be Used as Indicators of the Latent Variable?4. Rasch Measurement Model: How Are Person and Item Responses or Observations Mapped onto the Latent Variable?; Applications; 1. Learning Stimulation in the Home Environments of Preschool Children; 2. Assessment in the Health Sciences: The Five Rights of Safe Administration of Medications; Discussion and Summary; 5 An Historical and Comparative Perspective on Research Traditions in Measurement; What Are Measurement Theories?; What Are Research Traditions?What Are the Two Major Research Traditions in Measurement?; Test-Score Tradition; 1. The Founding of Classical Test Theory: Spearman; 2. Generalizability Theory: Cronbach and His Colleagues; 3. Factor Analysis: Spearman and Thurstone; 4. Structural Equation Modeling: Joreskog; Scaling Tradition; 1. Psychophysics and the Beginning of the Scaling Tradition: Thorndike; 2. Absolute Scaling and Psychophysics: Thurstone; 3. Item Response Theory: Birnbaum and Rasch; 4. Non-Parametric Item Response Theory: Guttman, Lazarsfeld, and Mokken; Discussion and Summary; 6 The Quest for Invariant Measurement within the Scaling TraditionGeneral Issues Guiding the Comparisons among the Scaling Theories; Item-Invariant Person Measurement; 1. Parametric Models: Thorndike, Thurstone, Birnbaum, and Rasch; 2. Non-Parametric Models: Guttman, Lazarsfeld, and Mokken; Person-Invariant Item Calibration; 1. Parametric Models: Thorndike, Thurstone, Birnbaum, and Rasch; 2. Non-Parametric Models: Guttman, Lazarsfeld, and Mokken; Operating Characteristic Functions; 1. Item Response Functions; 2. Person Response Functions; Variable Maps; Discussion and Summary; PART III Technical Issues
• Sommario/riassunto: This introductory text describes the principles of invariant measurement, how invariant measurement can be achieved with Rasch models, and how to use invariant measurement to solve measurement problems in the social, behavioral, and health sciences. Rasch models are used throughout but a comparison of Rasch models to other item response theory (IRT) models is also provided. Written with students in mind, the manuscript was class tested to help maximize accessibility. Chapters open with an introduction and close with a summary and discussion. Numerous examples and exerci