Lyme disease : recent advances and perspectives / / Tanja Petnicki-Ocwieja and Catherine A. Brissette

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910137534603321
• Autore: Tanja Petnicki Ocwieja
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Frontiers Media SA, 2015; Switzerland : , : Frontiers Media SA, , 2015
• ISBN: 9782889195572 (ebook)
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (114 pages) : illustrations; digital, PDF file(s)
• Collana: Frontiers Research Topics
• Soggetti: Infectious Diseases; Medicine; Health & Biological Sciences
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph
• Sommario/riassunto: The interplay between host and pathogen is a complex co-evolutionary battle of surveillance and evasion. The pathogen continuously develops mechanisms to subvert the immune response in order to establish infection while the immune system responds with novel mechanisms of detection. Because the majority of Lyme disease pathology is due to an over-exuberant immune response, much research in Borrelia burgdorferi pathogenesis has been devoted to understanding the mammalian host response to the bacterium. Immunological studies continue to be an active area of research employing emerging techniques, such as intra-vital imaging. These studies have furthered our understanding of inflammatory processes during long-term infection and provided some surprising insights, such as the continued presence of bacterial products after clearance. The field of Lyme disease has long debated the etiology of long-term inflammation and recent studies in the murine host have shed light on relevant cell types and inflammatory mediators that participate in the pathology of Lyme arthritis. Live imaging and bioluminescent studies have allowed for a novel view of the bacterial life cycle, including the tick mid-gut, tick-to-mammal transmission and dissemination throughout a mouse. A ; number of tick and bacterial proteins have been shown to participate in the completion of the enzootic cycle. Novel mechanisms of gene regulation are continuously being identified. However, B. burgdorferi lacks many traditional virulence factors, such as toxins or specialized secretion systems. Many genes in the B. burgdorferi genome have no known homolog in other bacteria. Therefore, studies focusing on host-pathogen interactions have therefore been limited by an incomplete understanding of the repertoire of bacterial virulence factors. Questions such as how the pathogen causes disease, colonizes the tick and evades host immune-surveillance have been difficult to address. Genetic studies involving single gene deletions have identified a number of important bacterial proteins, but a large-scale genomics approach to identify virulence factors has not been attempted until recently. The generation of a site-directed mutagenesis library is an important step towards a detailed analysis of the B. burgdorferi genome and pathogenome. Using this library, high-throughput genomic studies, utilizing techniques such as massively parallel sequencing have been promising and could be used to identify novel virulence determinants of disease in the mammalian host or persistence in the tick vector. Continued research on this unique pathogen and its specific interaction with host and vector may have far reaching consequences and provide insights for diverse disciplines including ecology, infectious disease, and immunology. Here, several reviews will discuss the most recent advances and future studies to be undertaken in the field of B. burgdorferi biology.

Creating literacy-rich schools for adolescents / / Gay Ivey, Douglas Fisher

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910963673503321
• Autore: Ivey Gay
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Alexandria, Va., : Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, c2006
• ISBN: 9786610933334; 9781416618386; 1416618384; 9781416603849; 1416603840; 9781280933332; 128093333X; 9781416603863; 1416603867
• Descrizione fisica: xviii, 154 p
• Altri autori (Persone): FisherDouglas <1965->
• Disciplina: 428.40712
• Soggetti: Reading (Secondary); Education - Methodology
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Foreword by Donna Ogle -- Overture -- Introduction: Adolescent Literacy in Perspective -- Reading and Writing in English Classes -- Transportable and Transparent Strategies for Content Literacy Instruction -- Time Spent "Just Reading": A Nonnegotiable -- Interventions and Support for Struggling Adolescents -- Leadership and Schoolwide Support for Literacy -- Coda: A Student's Perspective on Improving Adolescent Literacy -- Appendix A: A Call to Action -- Appendix B: Adolescent Literacy -- References -- Index -- About the Authors.
• Sommario/riassunto: We know that literacy is the key to learning in school, yet millions of middle and high school students lack the literacy skills they need to succeed. What can educators do? In Creating Literacy-Rich Schools for ; Adolescents , authors Gay Ivey and Douglas Fisher make a compelling case that all teachers--across the content areas--have a role to play in students' development of literacy, which they define as reading, writing, speaking, listening, and viewing. Rather than focusing solely on reading instruction and the cliché that says "all teachers are teachers of reading," they urge teachers to incorporate rich literacy-based learning experiences into their classrooms, with the goal of helping students to learn and think across the curriculum. With research-based findings, engaging examples, and extensive lists of resources, Ivey and Fisher encourage readers to * Reexamine the materials, experiences, and expectations of the English/language arts classroom; * Use strategies to improve literacy in all the content areas and seek alternatives to the traditional textbook; * Make independent reading an important part of students' ongoing literacy development; * Design and use interventions that really work for struggling students; and * Consider the schoolwide elements--professional development, peer coaching, leadership, and assessment--that should be in place to support teachers and students. Essential questions provide the focus for each chapter, and Quality Indicators for Secondary Literacy help readers gauge where they are on the continuum of providing a meaningful literacy experience for students. Creating Literacy-Rich Schools for Adolescents will inspire educators to take up this challenge in their own school with new confidence that the work is worthwhile and achievable.