Handbook of aqueous electrolyte thermodynamics : theory & application / / Joseph F. Zemaitis, Jr. ... [et al.]

• Record Nr.: UNINA9911019165103321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: New York, N.Y., : Design Institute for Physical Property Data sponsored by the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, c1986
• ISBN: 9786612817458; 9781282817456; 1282817450; 9780470938416; 0470938412; 9780470938409; 0470938404
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (876 p.)
• Altri autori (Persone): ZemaitisJoseph F. <b. 1940.>
• Disciplina: 541.3/746
• Soggetti: Electrolytes - Thermal properties
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Handbook of Aqueous Electrolyte Thermodynamics Theory & Application; TABLE OF CONTENTS; I INTRODUCTION; II THERMODYNAMICS OF SOLUTIONS; Basic Thermodynamic Functions; Solutions - Basic Definitions and Concepts; Equilibrium - Necessary Conditions; Activities, Activity Coefficients and Standard States; III EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANTS; Ionic and/or Reaction Equilibrium in Aqueous Solutions; Solubility Equilibria Between Crystals and Saturated Solutions; Vapor-Liquid Equilibria in Aqueous Solutions; Temperature Effects on the Equilibrium Constant; Estimating Temperature Effects on Heat Capacity and Other Thermodynamic PropertiesEquilibrium Constants from Tabulated Data; Pressure Effects on the Equilibrium Constant; Appendix 3.1 - Criss and Cobble Parameters; IV ACTIVITY COEFFICIENTS OF SINGLE STRONG ELECTROLYTES; History; Limitations and Improvements to the Debye-Huckel Limiting Law; Further Refinements; Bromley's Method; Meissner's Method; Pitzer's Method; Chen's Method; Short Range ; Interaction Model; Long Range Interaction Model; Temperature Effects; Bromley's Method; Meissner's Method; Pitzer's Method; Chen's Method; Application; Bromley's MethodMeissner's Method; Pitzer's Method; Chen's Method; NBS Smoothed Experimental Data; Test Cases:; HCl; KCl; KOH; NaCl; NaOH; CaCl2; Na2SO4; MgSO4; Bromley's Extended Equation; MgSO4 Test Case; Comparison of Temperature Effect Methods; Bromley; Meissner; Pitzer and Chen; Experimental Data; Test Cases:; HCl at 50° Celsius; KCl at 80° Celsius; KOH at 80° Celsius; NaCl at 100 and 300° Celsius; NaOH at 35° Celsius; CaCl2 at 108.85 and 201.85° Celsius; Na2SO4 at 80° Celsius; MgSO4 at 80° Celsius; Appendix 4.1 - Values for Guggenheim's β Parameter; Table 1: β Values for Uni-univalent ElectrolytesTable 2: β and B Values of Bi-univalent and Uni-bivalent Electrolytes from Freezing Points; Methods for Calculating β; Appendix 4.2 - Bromley Interaction Parameters; Table 1: B Values at 25°C Determined by the Method of Least Squares on Log γ to I=6.0 (or less if limited data); Table 2: Individual Ion Values of B and δ in Aqueous Solutions at 25°C; Table 3: Bivalent Metal Sulfates at 25°C; Appendix 4.3 - Meissner Parameters; Table: Average Values of Parameter q in Equation (4.46) for Selected Electrolytes; Appendix 4.4 - Pitzer Parameters; Table 1: Inorganic Acids, Bases and Salts of 1-1 TypeTable 2: Salts of Carboxylic Acids (1-1 Type); Table 3: Tetraalkylammonium Halides; Table 4: Sulfonic Acids and Salts (1-1 Type); Table 5: Additional 1-1 Type Organic Salts; Table 6: Inorganic Compounds of 2-1 Type; Table 7: Organic Electrolytes of 2-1 Type; Table 8: 3-1 Electrolytes; Table 9: 4-1 Electrolytes; Table 10: 5-1 Electrolytes; Table 11: 2-2 Electrolytes; Appendix 4.5 - Pitzer Parameter Derivatives; Table 1: Temperature Derivatives of Parameters for 1-1 Electrolytes Evaluated from Calorimetric Data; Table 2: Temperature Derivatives of Parameters for 2-1 and 1-2 Electrolytes Evaluated from Calorimetric Data
• Sommario/riassunto: Expertise in electrolyte systems has become increasingly important in traditional CPI operations, as well as in oil/gas exploration and production. This book is the source for predicting electrolyte systems behavior, an indispensable ""do-it-yourself"" guide, with a blueprint for formulating predictive mathematical electrolyte models, recommended tabular values to use in these models, and annotated bibliographies. The final chapter is a general recipe for formulating complete predictive models for electrolytes, along with a series of worked illustrative examples. It can serve as a useful resea

Innovation inducement prizes : at the National Science Foundation / / Committee on the Design of an NSF Innovation Prize, Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy, Policy and Global Affairs, National Research Council of the National Academies

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910963181103321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Washington, D.C., : National Academies Press, c2007
• ISBN: 9786610844500; 9780309179928; 0309179920; 9781280844508; 1280844507; 9780309668347; 0309668344
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (72 p.)
• Disciplina: 507.9/73
• Soggetti: Research - Awards - United States; Performance awards - United States; Incentive awards - United States; Incentives in industry
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references.
• Nota di contenuto: ""Front Matter""; ""Preface and Acknowledgments""; ""Contents""; ""Summary""; ""1 Prizes in the National Innovation System""; ""2 An Experimental Innovation Inducement Prize Program at NSF""; ""3 Selecting Prize Topics and Implementing Early Prize Contests""; ""Appendixes""; ""Appendix A: Comparison of Recent Prize Competitions""; ""Appendix B: Committee and Staff Biographies""
• Sommario/riassunto: Following a congressional directive in its FY 2006 Appropriations Act, the National Science Foundation asked the STEP Board to "propose a plan for administering prizes to individuals or teams that achieve novel solutions to specified social or research needs or capitalize on recognized research opportunities." A committee under the STEP Board ; concluded that an ambitious program of innovation inducement prize contests would be a sound investment in strengthening the infrastructure for U.S. innovation and that NSF, although inexperienced, is well suited to designing an experimental program that could add substantially to understanding regarding the appropriate goals of such contests, the motivations of participants and sponsors, and the rules and conditions that contribute to successful contests. The committee recommends that NSF start off with a series of small-scale prizes ($200K - $2M) in diverse areas while beginning to plan for much more ambitious contests ($3M-$30M) that would address significant economic or social challenges and be conducted over several years. The report addresses many of the generic issues that arise in administering innovation prize contests (types of contests, eligibility to participate, disposition of intellectual property rights, and decisions regarding awards) and explores 7 research and technology fields that might lend themselves to prize contests.