1.

Record Nr.

UNINA9910962138603321

Autore

Berman Marcelo Samuel

Titolo

General relativity and the pioneers anomaly / / Marcelo Samuel Berman

Pubbl/distr/stampa

New York, : Nova Science Publishers, c2012

ISBN

1-62100-107-5

Edizione

[1st ed.]

Descrizione fisica

1 online resource (221 p.)

Collana

Physics research and technology

Mathematics research developments

Disciplina

530.11

Soggetti

General relativity (Physics)

Acceleration (Mechanics)

Relativistic quantum theory

Lingua di pubblicazione

Inglese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia

Note generali

Description based upon print version of record.

Nota di bibliografia

Includes bibliographical references (p. [181]-200) and index.

Nota di contenuto

Intro -- GENERAL RELATIVITY  AND THE PIONEERS ANOMALY -- GENERAL RELATIVITY  AND THE PIONEERS ANOMALY -- Contents -- Preface and Introduction -- Part I MATHEMATICAL PRELIMINARIES -- Tensors in Amorphous Spaces -- 1.1.Introduction -- 1.2.VectorsandTensors -- ContravariantVectors -- ContravariantTensorsof2NDRank -- CovariantVectors -- CovariantTensorsof2ndRank -- MixedTensors -- SolvedProblem -- 1.3.AlgebraicOperationswithTensors -- ExteriorProduct -- Contraction -- InteriorProduct -- TestsofTensorCharacter -- 1.4.FinalObservations -- ReferencesforChapter1 -- Tensors in Riemann Spaces -- 2.1.Metric -- ContravariantMetricTensor -- 2.2.ChristoffelSymbols -- 2.3.CovariantDerivative -- 2.4.CurvatureTensors -- RicciTensor -- RicciScalarCurvature -- Einstein'sTensor -- GeodesicCoordinateSystem -- BianchiIdentity -- ReferencesforFurtherStudy -- Part II INTRODUCTION TO GENERAL RELATIVITY -- Basic Theory -- 3.1.TheBasicPrinciples -- 3.2.Energy-MomentumTensor -- 1st)ContinuityEquation. -- 2nd)Euler'sequation. -- 3.3.TijfortheElectromagneticField -- 3.4.Einstein'sFieldEquations -- 3.5.IntroducingtheCosmologicalConstant -- 3.6.ReductionofGRTintoNewtonianPhysics -- 3.7.TheGeodesicsEquation-aDerivation -- 3.8.GravitationalRadiation -- Schwarzschild's Metric and



Classical Experimental Tests -- 4.1.SphericallySymmetricMetrics -- 4.2.TheMotionofPlanetsandPerihelionPrecession -- 4.3.PropagationofLightnearGravitationalFields -- 4.4.SpectralDisplacementduetoGravitationalCause -- 4.5.OtherVerificationsoftheGRT -- 1st)Gravitomagnetismandgalacticrotations -- 2nd)Hafele-Keatingexperiment: -- 3rd)Shapiroexperiment: -- 4th)Hulse-Taylorobservations: -- 5th)GlobalPositioningSystem(GPS)-NAVSTAR: -- FinalComments -- Complements of Tensor Calculus and General Relativity (Optional Study) -- 5.1.OrthogonalTransformationsandCartesianTensors -- CartesianTensors.

5.2.ParallelTransportinRiemannSpace -- 5.3.Fermi-Walker'sTransport -- 5.4.LieDerivative -- 5.5.Isometries -- 5.6.StationaryandStaticFields -- StaticField -- MathematicalNote. -- Part III INTRODUCTION TO RELATIVISTIC COSMOLOGY -- Digression into Philosophical and Mathematical Matters (Optional Study) -- 6.1.NewtonianConceptsofSpaceandTime -- 6.2.ObjectionstoNewton'sCosmology -- 6.3.Mach'sPrinciple -- 6.4.ThePotentialforGravitation -- 6.5.EquivalencePrinciple -- 6.6.Theprinciplesof(General)Relativity,Covariance,andSimplicity -- 6.7.Principlesof"cosmictime"and"correspondence" -- FinalObservations: -- 6.8.RevisitingMach'sPrinciple -- Introductory Cosmological Models -- 7.1.DerivationoftheHomogeneousandIsotropicMetric -- 7.2.Einstein'sFieldEquationsforCosmology -- 7.3.ConstantDecelerationParameterModels -- 7.4.CosmologicalRed-Shift -- 7.5.Hubble'sLaw -- 7.6.CosmologicalModelforLargeLambda -- 7.7.Inflation -- 7.8.Planck'sUniverseandtheL-problem -- 7.9.Raychaudhuri'sEquationandanAlternativeForm -- 7.10.GeodesicsforPhotons,Particles,andTachyonsinRobertson-Walker'sCosmology -- IntroductiontotheProblem -- NullGeodesics -- GeodesicsforParticlesandTachyonsinaflatUniverse -- 7.11.EnergyofRobertson-Walker'sUniverse -- 7.12.TheZero-TotalEnergyDensityoftheUniverse -- 7.13.TheCosmologicalNewtonianLimitofGeneralRelativity -- Part IV THE PIONEERS ANOMALY -- The Pioneers Anomaly and a Machian Universe -- 8.1.BriefHistoryofthePioneersAnomaly -- 8.2.TheZero-TotalEnergyMachianUniverse -- APPLICATION1-THEPIONEERSANOMALIES -- APPLICATION2-MAGNETICFIELDOFTHEUNIVERSE -- APPLICATION3-TIME-VARYINGNEUTRINOMASS -- Atheoryforneutrinosenergydensity -- APPLICATION4-AREMASSANDLENGTHQUANTIZED? -- Macromassandmicromass -- Quantizationofgeometry -- RemovalofinitialsingularityinCosmology -- 8.3.Dirac'sLNHwithTime-VaryingFundamental"Constants" -- POWER-LAWVARIATIONS -- EXPONENTIALINFLATION.

ROTATIONOFTHEUNIVERSE -- PROSANDCONSOFTHEPRESENTCALCULATIONS -- 8.4.OnSciama'sMachianOriginofInertia -- SCIAMA'SINERTIAMODEL -- GRANEAUANDGRANEAU'STHEORY -- 8.5.Sciama'sMachianUniverse -- ONBERRY'SMACHIANARGUMENT -- GRAVITATIONALRADIATIONINSCIAMA'SMACHIANMODEL -- QUADRUPOLEANDDIPOLERADIATION -- TEMPERATUREOFTHEUNIVERSE.ENTROPY -- CONCLUSIONS -- 8.6.ExactBrans-DickeRelationandVariableSpeedofLight -- PIONEERSANOMALYSOLUTION -- CONCLUSIONS -- Relativistic Cosmology and the Pioneers Anomaly -- 9.1.GeneralisedRobertson-Walker'sMetric:RotationPlusEx-pansion -- ZERO-TOTALENERGY-DENSITYOFTHEROTATINGEVOLUTIONARYUNIVERSE -- 9.2.



GeneralisedRobertson-Walker'sMetric:RotationPlusEx-pansion-II -- ROTATINGEVOLUTIONARYMETRICS -- GENERALISEDGAUSSIANMETRICS -- SOMECOMMENTS -- 9.3.ThePioneersAnomalyandaMachianGeneralRelativisticModel -- ENERGYOFTHEROTATINGEVOLUTIONARYUNIVERSE -- ANALTERNATIVEDERIVATION -- PIONEERSANOMALYREVISITED -- SOMECOMMENTSANDDISCUSSION -- 9.4.GeneralRelativisticCosmologicalModelswithPioneersAnomaly -- ANEXACTSOLUTIONTOTHEPIONEERSANOMALY -- CONCLUSIONS -- 9.5.TheFundamentalTheoremforthePioneersAnomalySo-lutioninGeneralRelativity -- 9.6.ThePioneersAnomalySolutionwithUniversalSpinCon-servationinGeneralRelativity -- The Pioneers Anomaly and Several Relativistic Theories -- 10.1.OnSchwarzschild'sandRobertson-Walker´sModels -- CLASSICALORIGINFORTHEDARKENERGY -- CONCLUSIONSANDPREDICTIONS -- 10.2.LinearizedGravitomagnetismandPioneersAnomaly -- GENERALRELATIVISTICLINEARPERTURBATIONAPPROACH -- ENERGYDENSITYOFTHEROTATINGUNIVERSE -- 10.3.ThePioneersAnomalyinaVariableSpeedofLightRela-tivisticCosmology -- FIELDEQUATIONSANDCONSTANTDECELERATIONSOLUTION -- PIONEERSANOMALYSOLUTION -- 10.4.EnergyandStabilityofOurUniverse -- THEZERO-TOTALENERGYOFTHEROTATINGEVOLUTIONARYUNI-VERSE -- STABILITYOFOURUNIVERSE -- 10.5.Frame-Dragging,Mach.sPrinciple,andthePioneersAnomalies.

10.6.GravitationalLarmorTheoremandthePioneersAnomaly -- Possible Solutions to the Pioneers Anomaly -- 11.1.EvidenceontheRotationoftheUniverse -- 11.2.ThermalEmissionasDecelerationCause -- 11.3.MOND(ModifiedNewtonianDynamics)byMilgrom -- 11.4.OtherExplanations -- 11.5.ConcludingRemarks -- Part V BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCES -- Bibliography and References -- INDEX.

Sommario/riassunto

This book is an introduction to the General Relativity Theory (GRT) and to the solution of the Pioneers Anomaly by means of relativistic cosmology, a study that is designed to be understood by undergraduate and graduate students alike in the fields of theoretical physics, applied mathematics and space engineering. In fact, this book is the first elementary account of GRT and cosmology to address the NASA problem, which consists of a specific deceleration suffered by two space-probes launched to outer space more than thirty years ago. (Imprint: Nova)