Assessment of future scientific needs for live variola virus / / Committee on the Assessment of Future Scientific Needs for Live Variola Virus, Board on Global Health, Institute of Medicine

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910961761803321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1999
• ISBN: 9786610185993; 9780309173193; 0309173191; 9781280185991; 1280185996; 9780309596985; 030959698X; 9780585068008; 0585068003
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (126 pages) : illustrations
• Collana: The compass series
• Disciplina: 616.9/12
• Soggetti: Smallpox - Research; Smallpox - Prevention; Smallpox vaccine; Virology - Cultures and culture media; Variola virus; Smallpox - prevention & control; Containment of Biohazards
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-91).
• Nota di contenuto: Assessment of Future Scientific Needs for Live Variola Virus -- Copyright -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- REVIEWERS -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- SCOPE -- SCIENTIFIC NEEDS FOR LIVE AND REPLICATION-DEFECTIVE VARIOLA VIRUS -- OVERALL CONCLUSIONS -- Part I Introduction -- 1 Introduction -- BACKGROUND -- CONTEMPORARY CONTEXT -- SCOPE -- SCIENTIFIC NEEDS FOR VARIOLA VIRUS -- ORGANIZATION OF THIS REPORT -- Part II Smallpox ; and Its Control -- 2 Variola Virus and Other Orthopoxviruses -- GENERAL ATTRIBUTES OF ORTHOPOXVIRUSES -- POXVIRUS REPLICATION -- PROPERTIES OF SPECIFIC ORTHOPOXVIRUSES -- 3 Clinical Features of Smallpox -- ENTRY AND INFECTION -- DISSEMINATION -- THE RASH -- LESIONS OF THE MUCOUS MEMBRANES -- EFFECTS ON OTHER ORGANS -- IMMUNE RESPONSE -- IMMUNITY AGAINST SMALLPOX -- 4 Epidemiology -- CHARACTERISTICS OF HISTORICAL OUTBREAKS -- LIKELY CHARACTERISTICS OF FUTURE SMALLPOX OUTBREAKS -- CONTROL STRATEGIES -- 5 Variola Virus Stocks Following Eradication of Smallpox -- ESTABLISHMENT OF INTERNATIONAL REPOSITORIES -- DECISION BY THE WORLD HEALTH ASSEMBLY TO DESTROY VARIOLA VIRUS STOCKS -- U.S. RESEARCH ON SMALLPOX -- RESEARCH AT CDC AND USAMRIID -- Part III Scientific Needs for Variola Virus -- 6 Development of Antiviral Agents -- IN VITRO ASSAYS -- ANIMAL MODELS -- 7 Development of Vaccines -- CURRENT STATUS OF VACCINIA VACCINE PREPARATIONS -- EVALUATION OF VACCINIA VACCINE DERIVED FROM TISSUE CULTURE -- EVALUATION OF NOVEL VACCINES -- 8 Detection and Diagnosis -- ENVIRONMENTAL DETECTION -- DIAGNOSIS OF INFECTION -- ALTERNATIVES TO LIVE VIRUS -- 9 Bioinformatics -- VARIABILITY OF VARIOLA VIRUS -- POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENTS -- 10 Understanding of the Biology of Variola Virus -- VIRUS-CELL INTERACTIONS -- VIRUS-HOST INTERACTIONS -- 11 Research on the Expressed Protein Products of Variola -- SYNTHESIS OF VARIOLA PROTEINS.; POTENTIAL UTILITY OF VARIOLA PROTEINS -- Part IV Findings -- 12 Summary and Conclusions -- THE BROADER CONTEXT -- SCIENTIFIC NEEDS FOR LIVE VARIOLA VIRUS -- OVERALL CONCLUSIONS -- References -- Appendix A Glossary -- Appendix B Acronyms -- Appendix C Committee and Staff Biographies -- Staff.
• Sommario/riassunto: In 1980, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared that smallpox had been eradicated. In 1986, WHO's international Ad Hoc Committee on Orthopox Virus Infections unanimously recommended destruction of the two remaining official stocks of variola virus, one at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the other at the VECTOR laboratory in Siberia. In June 1999, WHO decided to delay the destruction of these stocks. Informing that decision was Assessment of Future Scientific Needs for Variola Virus , which examines: -- Whether the sequenced variola genome, vaccinia, and monkey pox virus are adequate for future research or whether the live variola virus itself is needed to assist in the development of antiviral therapies. -- What further benefits, if any, would likely be gained through the use of variola in research and development efforts related to agent detection, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. -- What unique potential benefits, if any, the study of variola would have in increasing our fundamental understanding of the biology, host-agent interactions, pathogenesis, and immune mechanisms of viral diseases.