Toxicity of military smokes and obscurants / / Subcommittee on Military Smokes and Obscurants, Committee on Toxicology, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910961682103321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1997- <c1999>
• ISBN: 1-280-19154-6; 9786610191543; 0-309-56166-3; 0-585-04828-2
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (177 p.)
• Collana: Compass series
• Disciplina: 615.9/1
• Soggetti: Combustion gases - Toxicology; Smoke screens - Toxicology; Diesel fuels - Toxicology; Hexachloroethane - Toxicology
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references.
• Nota di contenuto: Toxicity of Military Smokes and Obscurants -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Summary -- EXPOSURE GUIDANCE LEVELS FOR MILITARY PERSONNEL -- Diesel-Fuel Smoke -- Fog-Oil Smoke -- Red Phosphorus Smoke -- Hexachloroethane Smoke -- EXPOSURE GUIDANCE LEVELS AT BOUNDARIES OF MILITARY-TRAINING FACILITIES -- 1 Introduction -- SMOKES REVIEWED IN THIS REPORT -- U.S. ARMY POLICY CONCERNING USE OF OBSCURANTS -- SUBCOMMITTEE TASK -- DEFINITIONS OF EXPOSURE GUIDANCE LEVELS -- APPROACH TO DEVELOPING EXPOSURE GUIDANCE LEVELS -- Emergency Exposure Guidance Levels (EEGLs) -- Short-Term Public Emergency Guidance Levels (SPEGLs) -- Permissible Exposure Guidance Levels (PEGLs) and Permissible Public Exposure Guidance Levels (PPEGLs) -- SUMMARY OF APPROACH -- REFERENCES -- 2 Diesel-Fuel Smoke -- BACKGROUND INFORMATION -- Military Applications -- Physical and Chemical Properties -- TOXICOKINETICS -- TOXICITY SUMMARY -- Effects in ; Humans -- Effects in Animals -- Dermal and Ocular Exposures -- Lethality -- Eye and Skin Irritation -- Carcinogenic Effects -- Inhalation Exposures -- One-Time Exposures -- Repeated 15- or 60-Minute Exposures -- Repeated 4-Hour Exposures -- Repeated Exposures: Relative Significance of Frequency, Duration, and Concentration -- Screening Tests for Mutagenicity -- Summary of Toxicity Data -- Noncancer Toxicity -- Carcinogenicity -- LIMITS EXISTING RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE -- SUBCOMMITTEE EVALUATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- Military Exposures -- Emergency Exposure Guidance Level (EEGL)1 -- Permissible Exposure Guidance Level (PEGL)2 -- Public Exposures -- Short-Term Public Emergency Guidance Level (SPEGL)3 -- Permissible Public Exposure Guidance Level (PPEGL)4 -- Summary of Subcommittee Recommendations -- RESEARCH NEEDS -- REFERENCES -- 3 Fog-Oil Smoke -- BACKGROUND INFORMATION -- Military Applications -- Physical and Chemical Properties.; Military Exposures -- TOXICOKINETICS -- TOXICITY SUMMARY -- Effects in Humans -- Dermal Exposures -- Noncancerous Skin Lesions -- Cancer of the Skin and Scrotum -- Multiple Routes of Exposure -- Pulmonary Effects -- Carcinogenic and Mutagenic Effects -- Effects in Animals -- Dermal Exposures -- Lethality -- Skin Irritation -- Cancer -- Oral Exposures -- One-Time Exposures -- Repeated Exposures -- Inhalation Exposures -- One-Time Exposures -- Repeated Exposures -- Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity -- Screening Tests for Carcinogenicity and Mutagenicity -- Summary of Toxicity Data -- Noncancer Toxicity -- Carcinogenicity -- EXISTING RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LIMITS -- SUBCOMMITTEE EVALUATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- Type of Fog Oil -- Military Exposures -- Emergency Exposure Guidance Level (EEGL)4 -- Permissible Exposure Guidance Levels (PEGL)5 -- Public Exposures to New-Fog-Oil Smoke -- Short-Term Public Emergency Guidance Level (SPEGL)6 -- Permissible Public Exposure Guidance Level (PPEGL)7 -- Summary of Subcommittee Recommendations -- RESEARCH NEEDS -- REFERENCES -- 4 Red Phosphorus Smoke -- BACKGROUND INFORMATION -- Military Applications -- Physical and Chemical Properties -- Occurrence and Use -- Combustion Products -- TOXICOKINETICS -- TOXICITY SUMMARY: ELEMENTAL RED PHOSPHORUS -- TOXICITY SUMMARY: RED PHOSPHORUS-BUTYL RUBBER -- Effects in Humans -- Effects in Animals -- Dermal Exposures -- Inhalation Exposures -- One-Time Exposures -- Repeated Exposures -- Summary of Toxicity Data -- Noncancer Toxicity -- Carcinogenicity -- EXISTING RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LIMITS -- SUBCOMMITTEE EVALUATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- Military Exposures -- Emergency Exposure Guidance Level (EEGL)1 -- Permissible Exposure Guidance Levels (PEGL)2 -- Public Exposures -- Short-Term Public Emergency Guidance Level (SPEGL)3 -- Permissible Public Exposure Guidance Level (PPEGL)4.; Summary of Subcommittee Recommendations -- RESEARCH NEEDS -- REFERENCES -- 5 Hexachloroethane Smoke -- BACKGROUND INFORMATION -- Military Applications -- Combustion Products -- Physical and Chemical Properties of Zinc Chloride -- Occurrence and Use -- Military Exposures -- TOXICOKINETICS -- TOXICITY SUMMARY -- Effects in Humans -- Oral Exposures -- Inhalation Exposures -- One-Time Exposures -- Repeated Exposures -- Dermal and Ocular Exposures -- Oral Exposures -- One-Time Exposures -- Repeated Exposures -- Inhalation Exposures -- One-Time Exposures -- Repeated Exposures -- Summary of Toxicity Data -- Noncancer Toxicity -- Example Noncancer Risk Assessment -- Carcinogenicity -- Example Cancer Risk Assessment -- Estimated Exposure -- Estimated Cancer Risk -- EXISTING RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LIMITS -- ; SUBCOMMITTEE EVALUATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- Military Exposures -- Emergency Exposure Guidance Level (EEGL)2 -- Permissible Exposure Guidance Levels (PEGL)3 -- Comparison with Other Exposure Guidance Levels -- Public Exposures -- Short-Term Public Emergency Guidance Level (SPEGL)4 -- Permissible Public Exposure Guidance Level (PPEGL)5 -- Comparison of Recommendations with Conservative Screening Cancer-Risk Estimates -- Summary of Subcommittee Recommendations -- RESEARCH NEED -- REFERENCES.