An introduction to electrostatic measurements / / John Chubb

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910961538703321
• Autore: Chubb John
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: New York, : Nova Science Publishers, c2010
• ISBN: 1-61122-687-2
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (230 p.)
• Collana: Electrical engineering developments
• Disciplina: 537/.2
• Soggetti: Electrostatics - Measurement; Electrostatic analyzers
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data -- Contents -- Preface -- Introduction -- Basic Electrostatics -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Charge -- 2.3. Force between Charges -- 2.4. Electric Field -- 2.5. Potential -- 2.6. Electric Flux Density -- 2.7. Gauss' Law -- 2.8. Induced Charge -- 2.9. Capacitance -- 2.10.Energy -- 2.11. Poisson's Equation -- 2.12. Dielectrics -- 2.13. Charge Migration and Dissipation -- 2.14. Charge Separation Mechanisms -- 2.15. Electrical Breakdown -- References -- Measuring Instruments -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Measurement of Electric Field -- 3.2.1. Basic Aspects -- 3.2.2. Induction Probe Type Fieldmeters -- 3.2.3. 'Field Mill' Fieldmeters -- 3.2.4. 'Field Mill' Fieldmeters Without Earthing of the Rotating Chopper -- 3.2.5. Zeroing Fieldmeters -- 3.2.6. Calibration of Fieldmeters -- 3.2.7 Factors Determining Performance of Field Mill Fieldmeters -- 3.2.7.1. Introduction -- 3.2.7.2. Earthing Rotating Choppers -- 3.2.7.3. Zero Stability -- 3.2.7.4. Precision and Sensitivity -- 3.2.7.5. Response Time -- 3.2.7.6. Adverse Environmental Conditions -- 3.3. Measurement of Charge -- 3.3.1. Introduction -- 3.3.2. Faraday Pail -- 3.3.3. Charge Measurement -- 3.4. Assessment of Materials -- 3.4.1. Introduction -- 3.4.2. Philosophy of Assessment -- 3.4.3. Comments on Methods for Charge Decay Measurement -- Corona Charge Decay -- Federal Test Standard 101C -- ITV Denkendorf -- NASA -- BTTG -- 'Scuff' Tribocharging -- STFI -- Charge Plate Monitor -- 3.4.4. Corona Charge Decay Measurement -- 3.4.5. Capacitance Loading -- 3.5. Measurement of Shielding ; Performance -- 3.5.1. Introduction -- 3.5.2. Alternative Method of Testing -- 3.5.3. Relationship of shielding to effective resistivity -- 3.6. Measurement of the Incendivity of Electrostatic Discharges -- 3.7. Measurement of Charge Transfer and Currents in Discharges.; 3.8. Measurement of Resistance -- 3.9. Measurement of Capacitance -- References -- Practical Electrostatic Measurements -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Fieldmeter Measurements -- 4.3. Measuring Surface Voltage -- 4.4. Electrostatic Voltmeter -- 4.5. Measuring Potentials in a Volume -- 4.6. Measurement of Charge -- 4.7. Surface Charge Density -- 4.8. Volume Charge Density -- 4.9. Charge Decay for Assessing Materials -- 4.10. Measurements on Discharges -- 4.11. Radio Detection of Sparks - Radio Spectrum -- 4.12. Lightning Warning -- 4.13. Incendivity of Electrostatic Discharges -- 4.14. Shielding -- 4.15. Other Measurements -- 4.16. Modelling -- / -- / -- 4.17. Calibration -- References -- Assessment of Significance of Static -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Ignition of Flammable Atmospheres -- 5.3. Shock Risks -- 5.4. Attraction of Dust, Debris and Thin Films -- 5.5. Damage to Semiconductor Devices -- 5.6. Upset Operation of Microelectronic Systems -- References -- Practical Electrostatic Problems -- 6.1. General Comments -- C1: Characteristics Of Materials: -- C2: Coupling: -- C3: Consequences: -- C4: Countermeasures: -- C5: Constructive Use: -- 6.2. Is 'Static' the Cause? -- 6.3. Codes of Practice -- 6.4. Characteristics of Materials -- 6.5. Investigative Procedures -- 6.6. System Changes -- 6.7. Some Specific Examples -- 6.7.1. Risks At Loading Reactors Containing Flammable Solvents: -- 6.7.2. In Silos and Flammable Liquid Storage Tanks: -- 6.7.3 Transfer of Charged Material into Vessels/Containers -- 6.7.4. FIBCs -- 6.7.5 Fluids -- 6.7.6. Moving Webs -- 6.7.7 Flooring -- 6.7.8 Humidity -- 6.7.9. Aircraft Refuelling: -- 6.7.10. Carbon Dioxide -- 6.7.11 Aerosol Cans -- References -- Examples from Experience -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. Cleanroom Clothing -- 7.3. Tanker Studies -- 7.4. Food Product Silo -- 7.5. Lightning Warning -- 7.6 Car Seats.; 7.7. Electrostatic Safety At Solvent Extraction Plant -- 7.8. Airborne Particles -- 7.9. Airborne Fibre Monitor -- 7.10. Coated Metal Sheets -- 7.11. Adhesive Manufacture -- 7.12. Health Monitor -- References -- Sources of Information About Static Electricity -- 8.1. General -- 8.2 Organisations Organising Conferences and Meetings -- 8.3. Information on Meetings -- 8.4. Journals for Publication of Papers -- 8.5. Directories -- 8.6. Standards -- 8.6.1. British Standards Institution -- 8.6.2 European and International Standards: (Available From BSI and other National Standards Organisations, Websites: www.cenorm.be/ and www.cenelec.be/) -- 8.6.3 International Electrotechnical Commission IEC TC101: (IEC Home Page: Www.Iec.Ch) -- 8.6.4 US Standards -- 8.6.5 Japanese Standards -- 8.7. Shell Safety Guide -- 'Static Electricity - Technical and Safety Aspects' 1988 -- 8.8. Books -- Definitions -- References -- Test Method to Assess the Electrostatic Suitability of Materials for Retained Electrostatic Charge -- Foreword -- 1. Scope -- 2. References -- 2.1. Informative references -- 3. Definitions -- 4. Test Method -- 5. Procedure -- 5.1. Mounting -- 5.2 Environmental conditions -- 5.3. Pre-test surface voltage -- 5.4. Charge decay times -- 5.5 Decay time measurement -- 5.6. Capacitance loading -- 5.7. Analysis of capacitance loading values -- 6. Assessment -- 7. Test Report -- Annex A: (Normative) -- Definitions -- A1 capacitance loading -- A2 charge decay -- A3 charge decay time -- A4 conductive material -- A5 corona -- A6 dissipative material -- A7 insulative material -- A8 relative capacitance -- A9 surface potential -- Annex B: (Normative) -- Design and Operation of Test Apparatus -- B1 Physical design features -- B2 Containment of ; test material -- B3 Corona charge deposition -- B4 Fieldmeter -- Annex C: (Normative) -- Measurement of Charge Decay Time.; C1 Decay time -- C2 Initial voltage -- C3 Voltage decay curve -- C4 Timing measurement -- C5 Measurement procedure -- C6 Overcoming pre-charging -- C7 Additional artefacts to avoid -- C8 Calibration -- Annex D: (Normative) -- Measurement of the Quantity of Charge Transferred with Corona Charging -- Annex E: (Normative) Environmental Conditions -- E.1 Standard environmental conditions -- E.2 Sample handling and preparation -- Annex F: (Normative) -- Assessment of Capacitance Loading Measurements -- F.1 Calculation of 'capacitance loading' values -- F.2 Interpretation of capacitance loading measurements -- Annex G: (Informative) Bibliography -- Annex H: (Normative) -- Calibration of Corona Charge Decay Measuring Instrumentation -- H1 Aspects to be calibrated -- H2 Equipment -- H3 Surface potential sensitivity calibration -- H4 Decay time calibration -- H5 Calibration procedure -- H6 Calibration Certificate information -- Annex J: (Normative) Calibration of Corona -- Charge Transfer Measuring Instrumentation -- J.1 Aspects to be calibrated -- J.2 Induction and Conduction charge measurement sensitivity -- J.3 Relative sensitivity of 'induction' charge measurement -- J4 Calibration Certificate information -- Methods for the Calibration of Electrostatic Measuring Instruments -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Common Features -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2. Voltage Source -- 2.3. Voltage Measurement System -- 2.4 Resistors and Capacitors -- 2.5 Distance Measurements -- 2.6 Temperature and Humidity -- 2.7. Standard Instrument Calibration Certificate Information -- 3. Electrostatic Fieldmeters -- 3.1. Apparatus -- 3.2. Procedure -- 3.3. Results -- 3.4 Common aspects of calibration -- 3.5 Calibration Certificate Information -- 4. Proximity Voltmeters -- 4.1. Apparatus -- 4.1.1 Electrostatic Fieldmeter: -- 4.1.2. Voltage Follower Probe:.; 4.2. Arrangements for Calibration -- 4.2.1 Electrostatic Fieldmeter: -- Figure 2. general arrangement for calibration of a fieldmeter proximity voltmeter. -- 4.2.2 Voltage Follower Probe: -- 4.3 Voltage Source And Measuring System -- 4.4. Procedure -- 4.5. Common Aspects of Calibration -- 4.6. Calibration Certificate Information -- 5. Electrostatic Voltmeter -- 5.l. Calibration method -- 5.2. Voltage Source and Measuring System -- 5.3 Arrangements for Calibration -- 5.4 Procedure -- 5.5. Results -- 5.6. Common Aspects of Calibration -- 5.7. Calibration Certificate Information -- 6. Faraday Pail -- 6.1. Calibration Method -- 6.1.1 Charged capacitor -- 6.1.2 Defined current flow -- 6.2. Voltage Source and Measuring System -- 6.3 Arrangements for Calibration -- 6.4. Procedure -- 6.4.1. Method 6.1.1: -- 6.4.2. Method 6.1.2: -- 6.5. Results -- 6.6. Common Aspects of Calibration -- 6.7. Calibration Certificate Information -- 7. Charge Decay Time Measuring Apparatus -- 8. Air Ionisation Test Units -- References -- Acknowledgments -- Index -- Blank Page.
• Sommario/riassunto: Reviews research on electrostatic measurements, covering topics such as design and practical features of 'field mill' electrostatics fieldmetres, the use of corona charge decay as an appropriate method for assessing the electrostatic suitability of materials, and the use of capacitance loading as an additional relevant characteristic of materials.