Antioxidants and reactive oxygen species in plants [[electronic resource] /] / edited by Nicholas Smirnoff

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910829867403321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Oxford ; ; Ames, Iowa, : Blackwell Pub., 2005
• ISBN: 1-280-74821-4; 9786610748211; 0-470-76116-4; 0-470-98856-8; 1-4051-7146-4
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (318 p.)
• Collana: Biological Sciences Series
• Altri autori (Persone): SmirnoffN
• Disciplina: 572.42; 572/.42
• Soggetti: Antioxidants - Physiological effect; Active oxygen - Physiological effect; Plants - Metabolism
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Antioxidants and Reactive Oxygen Species in Plants; Contents; Contributors; Preface; 1 Glutathione; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 The glutathione redox couple and cellular redox potential; 1.3 Glutathione metabolism; 1.4 Biosynthesis and inhibition by L-buthionine-SR-sulphoximine; 1.5 Glutathione and the cell cycle; 1.6 Glutathione in leaves and its relationship to chilling tolerance; 1.7 Glutathione and homoglutathione in the regulation of root and root nodule development; 1.8 Transport and transporters; 1.9 Glutathione and signalling; 1.10 Conclusions and perspectives; 2 Plant thiol enzymes and thiol homeostasis in relation to thiol-dependent redox regulation and oxidative stress2.1 Introduction: plant sulfur and thiol contents; 2.2 The redox potential and its relation to the redox proteome; 2.3 Oxidation of thiol groups; 2.4 C-X-X-C and C-X-X-S motifs in redox proteins; 2.5 The principle reactions that maintain thiol-redox homeostasis; 2.6 Enzymes involved in thiol-disulfide interconversion; 2.6.1 Thioredoxins; 2.6.2 Glutaredoxins; 2.6.3 Omega ; and lambda-GSTs; 2.6.4 Protein disulfide isomerases; 2.7 Peroxiredoxins, thiol/disulfide proteins in antioxidant defence2.7.1 1-Cys Prx; 2.7.2 2-Cys Prx; 2.7.3 Prx Q; 2.7.4 Type II Prx; 2.8 The thiol proteome of plants; 2.9 Thiol homeostasis in subcellular compartments; 2.10 Thiol-dependent redox regulation of gene expression; 2.11 Linking thiol regulation to metabolic and developmental pathways; 2.12 Outlook; 3 Ascorbate, tocopherol and carotenoids: metabolism, pathway engineering and functions; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Ascorbate; 3.2.1 Distribution and subcellular localisation; 3.2.2 Ascorbate biosynthesis; 3.2.3 Ascorbate recycling; 3.2.4 Ascorbate and dehydroascorbate transport across membranes3.2.5 Enzymes involved in ascorbate oxidation; 3.2.6 Ascorbate catabolism; 3.2.7 Control of ascorbate synthesis and metabolic engineering; 3.2.8 The functions of ascorbate; 3.3 Vitamin E: tocopherols and tocotrienols; 3.3.1 Isoprenoid antioxidants; 3.3.2 Structure and antioxidant activity of tocopherols and tocotrienols; 3.3.3 Functions of tocopherol; 3.3.4 Biosynthesis of tocopherols and tocotrienols; 3.3.5 Control and engineering of tocopherol and tocotrienol biosynthesis; 3.4 Carotenoids; 3.4.1 Carotenoids as antioxidants; 3.4.2 Carotenoid biosynthesis and metabolic engineering4 Ascorbate peroxidase; 4.1 Enzymatic removal of hydrogen peroxide in plants; 4.2 Functional analysis of APX; 4.3 APX structure; 4.3.1 Overall structure; 4.3.2 Active site structure; 4.3.3 Substrate binding; 4.4 Evolution of APXs; 4.5 Summary; 5 Catalases in plants: molecular and functional properties and role in stress defence; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Biochemistry and molecular structure of catalases; 5.2.1 Types of catalases; 5.2.2 Molecular structure; 5.2.3 Mechanism of the catalytic reaction and kinetic properties; 5.3 Occurrence and properties of plant catalases
• Sommario/riassunto: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced during the interaction of metabolism with oxygen. As ROS have the potential to cause oxidative damage by reacting with biomolecules, research on ROS has concentrated on the oxidative damage that results from exposure to environmental stresses and on the role of ROS in defence against pathogens. However, more recently, it has become apparent that ROS also have important roles as signalling molecules. A complex network of enzymatic and small molecule antioxidants controls the concentration of ROS and repairs oxidative damage, and research is revealing t

The greening of industrial ecosystems / / Braden R. Allenby and Deanna J. Richards, editors

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910960988703321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1994
• ISBN: 9786610211371; 9781280211379; 1280211377; 9780309585804; 0309585805; 9780585158778; 0585158770
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: viii, 259 pages : illustrations
• Altri autori (Persone): AllenbyBraden R; RichardsDeanna J
• Disciplina: 363.73/1
• Soggetti: Environmental sciences; Factory and trade waste; Environmental policy; Conservation of natural resources
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: "National Academy of Engineering."
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: THE GREENING OF INDUSTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- THE GREENING OF INDUSTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS -- The Greening of Industrial Ecosystems: Overview and Perspective -- INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY-A SYSTEMS APPROACH -- INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY AND ITS CONTEXT -- Understanding Industrial Ecology -- The Context of Industrial Ecology -- EMERGING COMPANY PRACTICES -- Taking a Life Cycle Approach -- Getting at the "Total Environmental Costs" in a Firm -- Shifting to Selling the Function of the Product -- EDUCATION NEEDS AND RESEARCH DIRECTIONS -- SUMMARY -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- Understanding Industrial Ecology and Its Context -- Industrial Metabolism: Theory and Policy -- THE MATERIALS CYCLE -- MEASURES OF INDUSTRIAL METABOLISM -- POLICY IMPLICATIONS OF ; THE INDUSTRIAL METABOLISM PERSPECTIVE -- SUMMARY -- NOTES -- REFERENCE -- Energy and Industrial Ecology -- DISSIPATIVE MATERIALS FLOWS FROM FOSSIL FUEL USE -- BENEFITS OF ENERGY ABUNDANCE -- TRENDS IN ENERGY PRODUCTIVITY -- OPPOSITION TO ENERGY ABUNDANCE -- FUTURE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY AND UTILIZATION TRENDS -- FOSSIL FUEL RESERVES, RESOURCES, AND CONSUMPTION -- FOSSIL FUELS IN THE EVOLUTION OF THE ENERGY SECTOR -- CONCLUSIONS -- NOTES -- REFERENCE -- Input-Output Analysis and Industrial Ecology -- THE QUESTIONS TO BE ADDRESSED -- CASE STUDIES -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- APPENDIX -- Wastes as Raw Materials -- OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL AND POSTCONSUMER WASTE GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT -- FLOWS OF SELECTED METALS IN INDUSTRIAL WASTES -- DILUTION DETERMINES RECYCLABILITY -- SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- Economics and Sustainable Development -- KEY CONCEPTUAL ISSUES -- THE SAFE MINIMUM STANDARD -- REFERENCE -- From Voluntary to Regulatory Pollution Prevention -- POLLUTION PREVENTION: A CRITICAL REAPPRAISAL -- POLLUTION PREVENTION AS A NEW REGULATORY TECHNIQUE -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES.; International Environmental Law and Industrial Ecology -- INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY AND INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW -- MOVING BEYOND "COMMAND-AND-CONTROL" IN INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW -- Preference for Market Structure and Market-Based Approaches -- Negotiation and Other Confidence-Building Efforts -- Internalizing Environmental Costs -- Precautionary Principle -- Pollution Prevention -- Recycling and Reuse Requirements -- Incentives -- Technology Transfer -- Ecosystem Approach -- Eco-Labeling -- Environmental Assessments -- IMPEDIMENTS TO SYSTEMS APPROACHES IN INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW -- International inertia -- The Lack of an International Enforcement Mechanism -- Finite Economic Resources -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- NOTES -- Industrial Ecology: The Role of Government -- BARRIERS TO CHANGE -- ENCOURAGING INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY CHANGES -- THE IMPORTANCE OF A SYSTEMS APPROACH -- A FOCUS ON FUNCTION -- THE CHALLENGE OF GOVERNANCE -- THE NEED FOR INFORMATION -- CONCLUSION -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- EMERGING INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENTAL PRACTICE -- Integrating Environment and Technology: Design for Environment -- DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT -- IMPLEMENTING DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT -- DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT: TESTING THE SYSTEM -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Preventing Pollution and Seeking Environmentally Preferable Alternativesin the U.S. Air Force -- DOD PROGRAM POLICY AND OBJECTIVES -- LAUNCHING A NEW AIR FORCE POLICY -- HIGHLIGHTS OF THE AIR FORCE POLLUTION PREVENTION PROGRAM -- POLLUTION PREVENTION MEANS CULTURAL CHANGE -- Education and Training -- Financial Incentives -- Performance Incentives -- Changing External Behavior -- The Instrument of Change-The Government Contract -- Buying Commercial Products -- ACQUIRING "GREEN" WEAPONS SYSTEMS: MILSPECS AND MILSTDS -- CHANGING MILSPECS AND MILSTDS -- THE NEED FOR TECHNOLOGY ASSISTANCE -- SUMMARY.; Designing the Modern Automobile for Recycling -- INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY AND LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS -- REGULATORY ASPECTS -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCE -- Greening the Telephone: A Case Study -- DEFINING "GREEN -- ORGANIZING THE GREEN TEAM -- GREEN BASELINE -- Design -- Manufacture -- Use -- End-of-Life -- THE NEXT STEPS -- The Utilization-Focused Service Economy: Resource Efficiency and Product-Life Extension -- CHANGES AND OPPORTUNITIES AHEAD -- ; RECYCLING -- MORE CHANGES AND OPPORTUNITIES AHEAD -- TO SUMMARIZE -- REFERENCES -- Zero-Loss Environmental Accounting Systems -- THE INCENTIVE CLIMATE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING -- Internal Accounting -- Financial Accounting and Reporting -- Regulatory Oversight Agencies -- Managers -- ACCOUNTING INFORMATION AND CONTROL SYSTEM COMPONENTS -- Traditional Cost Accounting Systems -- An Environmentally "Enlightened" Cost Accounting System -- Implications of Industrial Ecology for Firms -- MAKING THE CONCEPT OPERATIONAL -- FUTURE CHALLENGES -- REFERENCES -- Design for Environment: An R&amp -- D Manager's Perspective -- THREE EXPERIENCES -- The Cost Reduction Experience -- The CFC Elimination Experience -- The Solder Dross Experience -- CONCLUSIONS FROM THE THREE EXPERIENCES -- REFERENCES -- Education And Research Needs -- The Two Faces of Technology: Changing Perspectives in Design for Environment -- HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES: FRANKLIN AND THOREAU -- RETHINKING DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT -- TRENDS IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION -- SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Industrial Ecology and Design for Environment: The Role of Universities -- A PUTATIVE INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY FRAMEWORK -- SELECTED RESEARCH EXAMPLES -- CLIMBING DOWN FROM THE TOWER -- EDUCATION -- INTERVENING IN THE PUBLIC DIALOGUE -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- Biographical Data -- Index.
• Sommario/riassunto: In the 1970s, the first wave of environmental regulation targeted specific sources of pollutants. In the 1990s, concern is focused not on the ends of pipes or the tops of smokestacks but on sweeping regional and global issues. This landmark volume explores the new industrial ecology, an emerging framework for making environmental factors an integral part of economic and business decision making. Experts on this new frontier explore concepts and applications, including Bringing international law up to par with many national laws to encourage industrial ecology principles. Integrating environmental costs into accounting systems. Understanding design for environment, industrial "metabolism," and sustainable development and how these concepts will affect the behavior of industrial and service firms. The volume looks at negative and positive aspects of technology and addresses treatment of waste as a raw material. This volume will be important to domestic and international policymakers, leaders in business and industry, environmental specialists, and engineers and designers.