Stemming the tide : controlling introductions of nonindigenous species by ships' ballast water / / Committee on Ships' Ballast Operations, Marine Board, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, National Research Council

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910960557003321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1996
• ISBN: 9786610191925; 9780309175418; 0309175410; 9781280191923; 1280191929; 9780309589321; 0309589320; 9780585024790; 0585024790
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (157 p.)
• Disciplina: 591.52/63
• Soggetti: Animal introduction; Nonindigenous aquatic pests - Control; Discharge of ballast water - Management
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: STEMMING THE TIDE -- Copyright -- Preface -- BACKGROUND -- ORIGIN AND SCOPE OF THE STUDY -- STUDY METHODS AND REPORT ORGANIZATION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- Contents -- Tables, Figures, and Boxes -- Stemming the Tide -- Executive Summary -- INTRODUCTION OF NONINDIGENOUS SPECIES -- POTENTIAL CONTROL STRATEGIES -- SHIPBOARD TREATMENT OPTIONS -- MONITORING -- REGULATIONS AND GUIDELINES -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- 1 Ballast Water and Nonindigenous Species -- DIVERSITY OF BALLAST WATER BIOTA -- FATE OF DISCHARGED ORGANISMS -- COMPLEXITY OF BALLASTING PATTERNS -- IMPLICATIONS FOR MANAGING BALLAST ; WATER -- OTHER DISPERSAL VECTORS -- REFERENCES -- 2 Ballast Water and Ships -- DIVERSITY OF SHIPS AND BALLAST SYSTEMS -- SAFETY -- BALLAST CONDITIONS AT SEA -- Heavy Weather Considerations -- Sailing with Full Tanks -- Controlling Trim during Voyages -- Transverse Stability Considerations -- BALLAST CONDITIONS IN PORT -- Ballasting during Cargo Loading and Discharge Operations -- Controlling Drafts and Trim for Port Entry -- Safe Longitudinal Loading Considerations -- Controlling Trim and Heel During Cargo Handling -- Ballast Condition for Voyages -- BALLASTING -- REFERENCES -- 3 Managing Ballast Water -- VOYAGE APPROACH -- On or before Departure -- En Route -- Shipboard Treatment -- Ballast Change -- On Arrival -- Shore-Based Treatment and Ballast Lighters -- Advantages and Disadvantages of Shore-Based Treatment -- CONTROL OPTIONS -- INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES -- NATIONAL ACTIVITIES -- REGIONAL, STATE, AND LOCAL ACTIVITIES -- INTERNATIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR REGULATION -- AUDITING REQUIREMENTS AND MONITORING -- TRAINING -- RISK-BASED PERSPECTIVE ON MANAGING BALLAST WATER -- REFERENCES -- 4 Shipboard Treatment Options -- TREATMENT ISSUES -- TECHNOLOGIES FOR TREATING BALLAST WATER -- COMMITTEE'S EVALUATION METHODOLOGY -- Treatment Options Query -- Data Collection.; Evaluation Criteria -- Candidate Ranking -- PROMISING OPTIONS -- Filtration Systems -- Biocides -- Oxidizing Biocides -- Nonoxidizing Biocides -- Thermal Treatment -- Technology Demonstration -- OPTIONS WITH POSSIBLE LIMITED APPLICATIONS -- Ozonation -- Electric Pulse and Pulse Plasma Techniques -- OTHER OPTIONS -- Ultraviolet Treatment -- Acoustic Systems -- Magnetic Fields -- Deoxygenation -- Biological Techniques -- Anti-fouling Coatings -- DISCHARGE TO THE ENVIRONMENT -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- 5 Monitoring -- MONITORING SCENARIOS -- ALTERNATIVES TO SHIPBOARD MONITORING -- LEVELS OF MONITORING -- Level I Monitoring -- Level II Monitoring -- Level III Monitoring -- MONITORING AFTER TREATMENT OF BALLAST WATER -- SAMPLING ISSUES -- MONITORING SEDIMENT -- SETTING STANDARDS -- REFERENCES -- 6 Conclusions and Recommendations -- CONCLUSIONS -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- APPENDICES -- APPENDIX A BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS -- APPENDIX B Committee Meetings and Activities -- APPENDIX C Explanation of Basic Stability -- APPENDIX D Alternative Ship Designs -- LIMITING BALLAST -- IMPROVING BALLAST CHANGE -- CLEANER BALLAST TANKS -- APPENDIX E Great Lakes Maritime Industry Voluntary Ballast Water Management Plan for the Control of Ruffe in Lake Superior… -- APPENDIX F Candidate Shipboard Treatment Technologies: Supplementary Information -- THERMAL TREATMENT -- Safety -- Effectiveness -- Status of Technology -- Power -- Byproducts -- Costs -- Size, Complexity, and Maintenance -- Monitoring -- ELECTRIC PULSE AND PULSE PLASMA TECHNIQUES -- Safety -- Effectiveness -- Status of Technology -- Power -- Byproducts -- Costs -- Size, Cost, and Complexity -- Monitoring -- ACOUSTIC TECHNIQUES -- Safety -- Effectiveness -- Status of Technology -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- Thermal Techniques -- Electric Pulse and Pulse Plasma Techniques -- Acoustic Techniques.; APPENDIX G Treatment Options Query -- BALLAST WATER TREATMENT OPTIONS QUERY -- Technology Requirements and Capabilities -- Application Considerations of Technologies -- RESPONSES -- APPENDIX H Emerging Monitoring Technologies -- ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE ANALYSIS -- RNA/DNA ANALYSES -- FLOW CYTOMETRIC TECHNIQUES -- OTHER AUTOMATED TECHNIQUES -- REFERENCES -- Glossary and ; Conversions -- CONVERSIONS -- GLOSSARY -- Index.
• Sommario/riassunto: Makes recommendations for US government agencies, the maritime industry, and member states of the International Maritime Organization to help reduce damage to native species and habitats by the introduction of alien critters from the far corners of the world. Describes and evaluates methods for cont