Breast and gynecological diseases : role of imaging in the management / / Mahesh K. Shetty, editor

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910488721203321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Cham, Switzerland : , : Springer, , [2021]; ©2021
• ISBN: 3-030-69476-3
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (507 pages)
• Disciplina: 618.19
• Soggetti: Breast - Diseases - Imaging; Generative organs, Female - Diseases - Imaging; Mama; Imatges mèdiques; Ecografia ginecològica; Malalties de l'aparell genital femení; Llibres electrònics
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Foreword -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- 1: Imaging the Symptomatic Breast in the Pediatric, Young, Pregnant, Lactating, and Transgender Patient -- Imaging of the Breast During Pregnancy and Lactation -- Imaging of the Breast in the Teenage and Transgender Population -- Breast Cancer in Young Women -- Case 1 -- Case 2 -- Case 3 -- Bibliography -- 2: Imaging of the Symptomatic Breast -- Palpable Abnormalities of the Breast -- Nipple Discharge -- Symptoms Related to Nipple Areola Complex -- Breast Pain -- Inflammatory Breast Carcinoma (IBC) -- Symptoms Associated with Breast Implant Complications -- Axilla -- Non-tumorous Axillary Masses -- Bibliography -- 3: Imaging of the Symptomatic Male Breast -- Introduction -- Embryology and Anatomy of the Male Breast -- Imaging the Male Breast -- Mammography -- Ultrasound -- Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging -- Breast Interventional Procedures -- Benign Diagnoses -- Gynecomastia -- Pseudogynecomastia -- Lipoma -- Intramammary ; Lymph Node -- Pseudoangiomatous Stromal Hyperplasia -- Epidermal Inclusion Cyst -- Granulomatous Mastitis -- Subareolar Abscess -- Myofibroblastoma -- Nodular Fasciitis -- Granular Cell Tumor -- Hemangioma -- Male Breast Cancer -- Invasive Ductal Carcinoma -- Papillary Carcinoma -- Invasive Lobular Carcinoma -- Summary -- References -- 4: Management of a Woman at Elevated Risk for Breast Cancer -- Introduction -- Identification of the High-Risk Patient -- Hereditary Cancer -- Review -- Under-recognition: The Scope of the Problem -- Benign Atypical Lesions -- ADH/ALH/LCIS and FEA -- Breast Density -- Therapeutic Irradiation -- Risk Modeling -- Gail Model -- Tyrer-Cuzick Model -- Barlow/Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium -- Claus -- BRCAPRO -- BOADICEA/CanRisk -- Discussion and Clinical Implementation -- Polygenic Risk Score -- Risk Management.; Imaging in High-Risk Patients -- Screening Mammography: Special Challenges -- Choosing the Modality: Digital Mammography Versus Digital Breast Tomosynthesis -- NCCN Criteria for Screening MRI -- ACR Criteria for Screening MRI in Breast Cancer Survivors -- FAST/Abbreviated MRI -- Other Modalities: Ultrasound, Contrast Enhanced Mammography, BSGI, and MBI -- Future Directions in Breast Imaging -- Interesting Cases -- Case 1 -- Case 2 -- Case 3 -- Chemoprevention -- Tamoxifen and Raloxifene -- NSABP P-1 Study: The Breast Cancer Prevention Trial -- STAR Trial -- Low-Dose Tamoxifen -- Exemestane -- Anastrozole -- Risk-Reducing Surgery -- Breast Reconstruction -- Psychological Assessment and Counseling -- Lifestyle Modifications -- Modifiable Risk Factors -- BMI/Exercise -- Alcohol -- Breastfeeding -- Menopausal Hormone Therapy -- What About Contraception? -- Conclusion -- References -- 5: The Multidisciplinary Approach to Breast Cancer Management -- Introduction -- General Considerations -- Preoperative Multidisciplinary Management -- Intraoperative Multidisciplinary Management -- Postoperative Multidisciplinary Management -- Management of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ -- Key Clinical Trials -- Ongoing Trials -- Selection of Surgical Therapy -- Breast-Conserving Surgery or Mastectomy -- Axillary Staging -- Surgical Technique -- Breast-Conserving Surgery -- Mastectomy -- Radiation Therapy -- Adjuvant Tamoxifen -- Management of Early-Stage Breast Cancer -- Key Clinical Trials -- Trials Comparing BCT and Mastectomy -- Axillary Staging -- Selection of Surgical Therapy of the Primary Tumor -- BCT or Mastectomy -- Breast Reconstruction After Mastectomy -- Management of the Regional Lymph Nodes -- Surgical Techniques -- Breast-Conserving Surgery -- Mastectomy -- Axillary Lymph Node Surgery -- Radiation Therapy -- Systemic Therapy.; Management of Locally Advanced Breast Cancer -- Selection of Surgical Therapy -- Surgical Techniques -- Breast-Conserving Surgery -- Mastectomy -- Axillary Lymph Node Dissection -- Targeted Axillary Lymph Node Dissection -- Radiation Therapy -- Systemic Therapy -- Surveillance for Breast Cancer Patients Who Have Completed Curative Treatment -- Guidelines for Follow-Up After Breast Cancer Treatment -- Actual Practice Patterns -- NCCN Guidelines for Breast Cancer Survivors -- References -- 6: Screening for Breast Cancer -- Early Detection of Breast Cancer with Mammography: Benefits and Harms -- Mammographic Signs of Breast Cancer -- Uncommon Mammographic Signs of Breast Cancer -- Optimizing Mammographic Interpretation -- Mammography Quality Standards Act (MQSA) Mandated Mammography Audit -- Screening Mammography Guidelines for Women at an Average Risk for Breast Cancer -- Digital Breast Tomosynthesis (DBT) -- Bibliography -- 7: Emerging Technologies in Breast Cancer Screening ; and Diagnosis -- Supplemental Screening -- Personalized Risk-Based Screening -- Functional Imaging: CE-MRI, CE-Mammography (CEM), and CE-CBCT -- Contrast-Enhanced MRI (CE-MRI) -- Contrast-Enhanced Mammography (CEM) -- Contrast-Enhanced Cone-beam Breast CT (CE-CBCT) -- Artificial Intelligence -- References -- 8: Pelvic Pain: Role of Imaging in the Diagnosis and Management -- Acute Pelvic Pain -- Imaging Techniques in the Evaluation of a Patient with Acute Pelvic Pain -- Computed Tomography (CT) -- Gynecological Causes of Acute Pelvic Pain -- Adnexal Causes of Acute Pelvic Pain -- Simple Ovarian Cysts -- Hemorrhagic Ovarian Cyst -- Imaging in Ovarian Torsion -- Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) -- Ovarian Venous Thrombosis -- Uterine Causes of Acute Pelvic Pain -- Hematometra -- IUD Complications -- Fibroids -- Spontaneous Abortion (SAB).; Non-gynecological Causes of Acute Pelvic Pain -- Gastrointestinal Causes of Acute Pelvic Pain -- Anatomy and Technical Aspects of Ultrasound Assessment of the Bowel -- Acute Appendicitis -- Secondary Appendicitis -- Acute Diverticulitis -- Omental Infarction -- Epiploic Appendagitis -- Small Bowel Ischemia and Hemorrhage -- Groin Hernias -- Genitourinary Causes of Acute Pelvic Pain -- Distal Ureteral Calculus -- Cystitis -- Ectopic Pregnancy -- Ultrasound Imaging in Ectopic Pregnancy -- Differential Diagnosis -- Uncommon Location of Ectopic Pregnancies -- Interstitial Ectopic Pregnancy -- Cervical Pregnancy -- Intramural Pregnancy -- Heterotopic Pregnancy -- Ovarian Ectopic Pregnancy -- Cesarean Scar Pregnancy -- Role of MRI in Ectopic Pregnancy -- Posttreatment Imaging -- Chronic Pelvic Pain -- Chronic PID -- Endometriosis -- Introduction -- Diagnosis and Imaging in Endometriosis -- Ultrasonography -- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) -- MR Imaging Features -- Endometriosis of the Ovaries -- Extraovarian Endometriosis -- Deep Invasive Endometriosis (DIE) -- Endometriosis and Malignancy -- Abdominal Scar Endometriosis -- Conclusion -- References -- 9: Imaging of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding and Menstrual Disorders -- Introduction -- The Menstrual Cycle -- The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian Axis -- The Ovary: Follicular Phase and Luteinizing Phase -- The Endometrium: Proliferative Phase and Secretory Phase -- Imaging Modalities -- Ultrasound -- MRI -- Hysteroscopy -- Pregnancy -- Miscarriage -- Ectopic Pregnancy -- Molar Pregnancy -- Polyps -- Imaging Modalities -- Transvaginal Ultrasonography -- Color Flow Doppler -- Saline Infusion Sonography -- Hysteroscopy, Biopsy, and Endometrial Polypectomy -- Adenomyosis -- Imaging Modalities -- Ultrasonography -- Magnetic Resonance Imaging -- Management -- Leiomyoma -- Imaging Modalities -- Ultrasonography.; Hysteroscopy -- Magnetic Resonance Imaging -- Management -- Myomectomy -- Uterine Artery Embolization -- Malignancy and Hyperplasia -- Endometrial Cancer -- Ultrasound -- MRI -- Cervical Cancer -- Coagulopathies -- Von Willebrand Disease -- Acquired Coagulopathies -- Ovulatory Dysfunction -- Hyperprolactinemia -- Hypothalamic Dysfunction -- Hypothyroidism -- Imaging -- Endometrial -- Diagnosis -- Ultrasound -- MRI -- Management -- Iatrogenic -- IUD -- Chemotherapy Agents and Steroid Hormones -- Not Yet Classified -- Pelvic Inflammatory Disease -- Imaging -- Ultrasound -- Magnetic Resonance Imaging -- Laparoscopy -- Vaginal Trauma -- Foreign Bodies -- Conclusion -- References -- 10: Non-obstetric Complications in Pregnancy: Role of Imaging -- Radiation Risk Considerations from the Use of Diagnostic Imaging in Pregnancy -- Pathogenesis of the Diagnostic Radiation Exposure Risks to the Fetus -- Pathological Effects of Exposure of the Human Embryo to Ionizing Radiation -- All or None Phenomenon -- Congenital ; Malformation and Growth Retardation -- Neurobehavioral Effects -- Effects of Protraction and Fractionation -- Indirect Exposure to Radiation -- Increased Risk of Leukemia and Other Malignancies -- Maternal Risk from Radiographic Examination -- Counseling a Pregnant Patient Regarding Risk of Being Exposed to Diagnostic Radiation -- Screening for Pregnancy Prior to Radiological Examinations -- Pregnancy Consent Policy -- Methods to Reduce Radiation Dose -- Management of the Patient Not Known to Be Pregnant During the Examination -- Ultrasonography Imaging in Pregnancy -- Computed Tomography in Pregnancy -- Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Pregnancy -- Imaging in the Evaluation of Non-obstetrical Complications in Pregnancy -- Common Indications -- Evaluation of a Pelvic Mass in Pregnancy -- Ultrasound in the Assessment of a Pelvic Mass.; MRI Evaluation of an Adnexal Mass.

Organizational ecology / / Michael T. Hannan, John Freeman

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910960427503321
• Autore: Hannan Michael T
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Cambridge, MA, : Harvard University Press, 1989
• ISBN: 9780674038288; 0674038282
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (384 p. ) : 38 line illustrations, 23 tables
• Altri autori (Persone): FreemanJohn <1945->
• Disciplina: 302.3/5
• Soggetti: Organizational change; Organizational behavior
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliography and indexes.
• Nota di contenuto: Preface PART 1 :Theory 1.Organizations and Social Structure Organizational Diversity Perspectives on Organizational Change The Demography and Ecology of Organizations Population Thinking Evolution of Organizational Forms Dynamic and Comparative Analysis 2. Theoretical Background Organization Theory and Sociology: Missing Connections Comparison of Contemporary Approaches Controversies ; and Misunderstandings Managerial Implications and Applications 3. Boundaries of Forms and Populations Approaches to Defining Forms A Focus on Boundaries Boundary Dynamics and Diversity Implications for Research 4. Structural Inertia and Organizational Change Structural Inertia A Hierarchy of Inertial Forces Variations in Strength of Inertia 5. Competition and the Niche The Principle of Isomorphism The Niche Classical Competition Theory Niche Overlap and Competition 6. Modeling the Dynamics of Organizational Populations Variations in Intrinsic Founding Rates Effects of Environments on Carrying Capacities Conceptualizing the Size of Populations Carrying Capacities and Density Dependence Rate Dependence and Diversity Dependence Dynamics of Selection PART 2: Methods 7. Designs of Empirical Studies Defining Events National Labor Unions Semiconductor Merchant Producers Newspaper Publishers in San Francisco Comparison of Data Sets 8. Models and Methods of Analysis Describing Organizational Histories Models for Transition Rates Counting Process Models Estimation and Testing PART 3: Empirical Finding 9. The Population Ecology of Founding and Entry Core Questions Founding Rates of Labor Unions Entry Rates of Semiconductor Manufacturing Firms Founding Rates of Newspaper Firms Comparisons and Contrasts 10. Age Dependence in Failure Rates The Liability of Newness National Labor Unions Exits of Semiconductor Manufacturing Firms 11. The Population Ecology of Organizational Mortality Disbanding Rates of Labor Unions Exit Rates of Semiconductor Firms Failure Rates of Newspaper Firms Comparisons and Contrasts 12. Dynamics of Niche Width and Mortality Niche Width and Mortality of Restaurants Niche Width and Exit Rates of Semiconductor Firms Comparisons and Contrasts 13. Conclusions Implications of the Research Problems for Analysis References Name Index Subject Index
• Sommario/riassunto: Hannan and Freeman examine the ecology of organizations by exploring the competition for resources and by trying to account for rates of entry and exit and for the diversity of organizational forms. They show that the destinies of organizations are determined more by impersonal forces than by the intervention of individuals.