Brief Notes: Shopping Center Management

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910678450403321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: [Place of publication not identified], : International Council of Shopping Centers, 2004
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph
• Nota di contenuto: [v. 1]. Management overview -- [v. 2]. Finance -- [v. 3]. Insurance and risk management -- [v. 4]. The lease and its language -- [v. 5]. Leasing strategies -- [v. 6]. Maintenance -- [v. 7]. Marketing -- [v. 8]. Retailing -- [v. 9]. Security.

Fundamentals and applications of biosorption isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamics / / Yu Liu and Jianlong Wang, editors

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910960189603321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Hauppauge, N.Y., : Nova Science Publishers, c2009
• ISBN: 1-61728-660-5
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (304 p.)
• Collana: Environmental science, engineering and technology series
• Altri autori (Persone): LiuYu <1964->; WangJianlong
• Disciplina: 660.6/2
• Soggetti: Microbial biotechnology; Adsorption (Biology)
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Includes index.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONSOF BIOSORPTION ISOTHERMS,KINETICS AND THERMODYNAMICS -- FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONSOF BIOSORPTION ISOTHERMS,KINETICS AND THERMODYNAMICS -- LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1: BASIC ; MICROBIOLOGY: MICROBIAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION -- 1.1. OVERVIEW OF CELL STRUCTURE -- 1.1.1. Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes -- 1.1.2. Cellular Structure -- (i) Cellular Wall -- ii) Cellular Membrane -- (iii) Cytoplasm -- iv) Nuclear Area -- 1.2. BACTERIA -- 1.2.1. Size and Shape -- 1.2.2. Cell Structure -- 1.2.3. Cell Wall -- (I) Gram-Positive Cell Walls -- (II) Gram-Negative Cell Walls -- 1.2.4. Capsules -- 1.2.5. S-Layers -- 1.3. FUNGI -- 1.4. ALGAE -- 1.5. CHEMICAL FUNCTIONAL GROUPSRELATED TO THE BIOSORPTION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2: BIOSORBENTS -- 2.1. TYPES OF BIOSORBENTS -- 2.2. BACTERIA -- 2.3. FUNGI -- 2.3.1. Yeast - Saccharomyces Cerevisiae -- 2.3.1.1. Advantages of S. Cerevisiae as Biosorbents in Metal Biosorption -- 2.3.1.2. Forms of S. Cerevisiae Used for Biosorption -- 2.3.1.3. Biosorptive Capacity of S. Cerevisiae -- 2.3.1.4. Selectivity and Competitive Biosorption by S. Cerevisiae -- 2.3.2. Filamentous Fungi -- 2.3.2.1. Penicillium -- 2.3.2.2. Aspergillus -- 2.3.2.3. White Rot Fungi -- 2.3.3. Selectivity and Competitive Biosorption by Fungi -- 2.3.4. Comparison among Fungi and Yeast and Other Biomaterials -- 2.4.MARINE ALGAE -- 2.4.1. Introduction to Microbiology of Algae -- 2.4.2. Algae Used for Biosorption -- 2.5. EFFECT OF PRE-TREATMENT ON BIOSORPTION -- 2.6. IMMOBILIZED BIOMASS FOR BIOREACTORSAND REGENERATION/REUSE -- 2.7. BIOSORBENT SELECTION AND ASSESSMENT -- 2.8. DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL BIOSORBENTS -- 2.9. COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS -- 2.9.1. Several Attempts of the Biosorption Commercialization -- 2.9.2. Application Feasibility and Considerations.; 2.10. OPPORTUNITY OF BIOSORPTION RESEARCH -- 2.11. CHALLENGES OF BIOSORPTION RESEARCH -- 2.12. SELECTION OF BIOMATERIALS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3: BIOSORPTION ISOTHERMSAND THERMODYNAMICS -- 3.1. INTRODUCTION -- 3.2. LANGMUIR ISOTHERM EQUATION -- 3.2.1. Equilibrium Approach for Derivation of Langmuir Isotherm -- 3.2.2. Kinetic Approach for Derivation of Langmuir Isotherm -- 3.2.3. Some Consideration on Use of Langmuir Kinetics -- 3.3. FREUNDLICH ISOTHERM EQUATION -- 3.4. SIPS ISOTHERM EQUATION -- 3.4.1. Derivation from an Equilibrium Approach -- 3.4.2. Derivation of Sips Isotherm from a Thermodynamic Approach -- 3.5. REDLICH-PETERSON ISOTHERM EQUATION -- 3.6. KHAN ISOTHERM EQUATION -- 3.7. TOTH ISOTHERM EQUATION -- 3.8. RADKE-PRAUSNITZ ISOTHERM EQUATION -- 3.9. DUBININ-RADUSHKEVICH ISOTHERM EQUATION -- 3.10. FRUMKIN ISOTHERM EQUATION -- 3.11. FLORY-HUGGINS ISOTHERM EQUATION -- 3.12. BET ISOTHERM EQUATION -- 3.13. TEMKIN ISOTHERM EQUATION -- 3.14. ADSOPRTION/BIOSORPTION THERMODYNAMICS -- 3.15. EFFECTS OF INITIAL CONDITIONS ON BIOSORPTION -- 3.15.1. Experimentally Observed Effects of Initial Conditions on Biosorption -- (I) Effect of Initial Adsorbate Concentration on Biosorption Kinetics and Equilibrium -- (II) Effect of Initial Biosorbent Concentration on Biosorption -- 3.15.2. Theoretical Interpretation on the Effect of Initial Conditions on BiosorptionRate Constant -- 3.15.3. Theoretical Interpretation on the Effect of Initial Conditions on Biosorption Equilibrium -- 3.16. SOME OTHER APPROACHES FOR EQUILIBRIUM MODEL -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4: BIOSORPTION KINETICS -- 4.1. INTRODUCTION -- 4.2. PSEUDO FIRST-ORDER RATE EQUATIONFOR ADSORPTION/BIOSORPTION -- 4.2.1. Approach by Boyd et al. (1947) for Derivation of Pseudo First-order Equation -- 4.2.2. Approach by Liu et al. (2003) for Derivation of Pseudo First-order Equation.; 4.2.3. Approach by Azizian (2004) for Derivation of Pseudo First-order Equation -- 4.2.4. Approach by Rudzinski and Plazinski (2006) for ; Derivation of Pseudo First-Order Equation -- 4.2.5. Estimate of Kinetic Constants in First-order Rate Equation -- 4.3. PSEUDO SECOND-ORDER RATE EQUATION FOR ADSORPTION/BIOSORPTION -- 4.3.1. Approach by Blanchard et al. (1984)for Derivation of Pseudo Second-order Equation -- 4.3.2. Approach by Azizian (2004)for Derivation of Pseudo Second-order Equation -- 4.3.4. Approach by Rudzinski and Plazinski (2006) for Derivation of Pseudo Second-order Equation -- 4.3.5. Estimate of Kinetic Constants in Second-order Rate Equation -- 4.4. LANGMUIR KINETICS FOR ADSORPTION/BIOSORPTION -- 4.5. A GENERAL RATE LAW EQUATIONFOR ADSORPTION/BIOSORPTION -- 4.5.1. Uncertainty of Preset-order Rate Equations in Description of Biosorption Data -- (1) Description of Biosorption Data by Various Preset-Order Kinetic Equations -- (2) Uncertainty Incurred in Kinetic Description of Biosorption Data -- 4.5.2. A General Kinetic Equation for Biosorption -- (i) Approach by Liu and Shen (2008a) -- (ii) Approach by Brouers and Sotolongo-Costa (2006) -- 4.6. OTHER USEFUL KINETIC EQUATIONSFOR ADSORPTION/BIOSORPTION -- 4.6.1. Elovich Equation -- 4.6.2. Weber-Morris Equation or Intraparticle Diffusion Equation -- 4.7. SOME STATISTICAL METHODS FOR EVALUATION OFADSORPTION/BIOSORPTIONMODELS FITNESS -- 4.7.1. Correlation Coefficient -- 4.7.2. Prediction Error Square -- 4.7.3. Relative Goodness of Curve Fitting -- 4.7.4. F-test -- 4.7.5. P-value -- 4.7.6. Remarks -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5: GENERAL MECHANISMS OF BIOSORPTION -- 5.1. INTRODUCTION -- 5.2. PROCESS OF METAL ION SORPTION -- 5.3. EXTRA CELLULAR ACCUMULATION/PRECIPITATION -- 5.4. CELL SURFACE SORPTION/PRECIPITATION -- 5.4.1. Ion Exchange -- 5.4.2. Complexation -- 5.4.3. Precipitation and Redox Reaction.; 5.5. INTRACELLULAR ACCUMULATION -- 5.6. INSTRUMENTAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES -- 5.6.1. Introduction -- 5.6.2. FTIR -- 5.6.3. Titration -- 5.6.4. SEM-EDX -- 5.6.5. TEM-EDX -- 5.6.6. AFM -- 5.6.7. XAS -- 5.6.8. XPS -- 5.6.9. NMR -- 5.6.10. CLSM -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6: FACTORS INFLUENCING BIOSORPTION PROCESS -- 6.1. INTRODUCTION -- 6.2. PROPERTIES OF METAL IONS -- 6.3. INFLUENCE OF PH -- 6.4. TEMPERATURE EFFECT -- 6.5. IONIC STRENGTH EFFECT -- 6.6. PRESENCE OF ANIONS AND CATIONS -- 6.7. OTHER FACTORS -- 6.7.1. Contact Time -- 6.7.2. Cell Culture Conditions -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 7: CORRELATING METAL IONIC CHARACTERISTICSWITH BIOSORPTION CAPACITY -- 7.1. EFFECTS OF ION CHARACTERISTICSON METAL BIOSORPTION -- 7.2. THEORETIC BASIS FOR APPLICATIONOF QICARS IN METAL BIOSORPTION -- 7.3. APPLICATION OF QSARS METHODIN BIOSORPTION OF METAL IONS -- 7.4.METAL ION CHARACTERISTICS PARAMETERSAND CORRELATION APPROACH -- 7.4.1. Biomass and Metal Ions -- 7.4.2. Selection of Characteristic Parameters -- 7.4.3. Maximum Biosorption Capacity qmax -- 7.4.4. Characteristic and Qmax: Correlation of Relationships -- 7.5. CLASSIFICATION OF METAL IONSAND THEIR SORPTION CAPACITY -- 7.6. EFFECT OF ION CHARACTERISTICSON METAL-BIOMASS INTERACTION -- 7.7. REMARKS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8: BIOSORPTION OF HEAVY METALS BY AEROBICGRANULES:AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH -- 8.1. INTRODUCTION -- 8.2.WHAT ARE AEROBIC GRANULES? -- 8.3. PROBLEM ASSOCIATED WITH APPLICATIONOF BIOSORPTION TECHNOLOGY -- 8.4. ELEMENTAL COMPOSITIONOF FRESH AEROBIC GRANULES -- 8.5. ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION OF AEROBICGRANULES AFTER BIOSORPTION -- 8.6. CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION OF HEAVYMETALS DURING BIOSORPTION -- 8.7. CONTRIBUTION OF ECP TO BIOSORPTION -- 8.8. CONTRIBUTION OF ION EXCHANGE TO BIOSORPTION -- 8.9. ROLE OF GRANULE ; FUNCTIONALGROUPS TO METAL BIOSORPTION.; 8.10. SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF ADSORBEDHEAVY METAL IN AEROBIC GRANULE -- 8.11. EFFECT OF PH ON BIOSORPTIONOF HEAVY METAL BY AEROBIC GRANULES -- REFERENCES -- INDEX.
• Sommario/riassunto: Biosorption is an effective technology for the removal of organic and metallic elements, especially heavy metals from aqueous solution. This book aims to provide all necessary basic knowledge of biosorption in terms of its fundamentals and main application.