A companion to Spinoza / / edited by Yitzhak Melamed

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910555002903321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Hoboken, New Jersey : , : Wiley-Blackwell, , [2021]; ©2021
• ISBN: 1-119-53866-1
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (605 pages)
• Collana: Blackwell Companions to Philosophy ; ; Volume 75
• Disciplina: 199.492; 100
• Soggetti: Philosophers - Netherlands; Electronic books.
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di contenuto: Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- List of Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Part I Life and Background -- Chapter 1 Spinoza's Life -- 1. Family -- 2. The Amsterdam Years (1632-ca. 1660) -- 3. Spinoza in Rijnsburg (ca. 1660/61-April 1663) -- 4. Spinoza in Voorburg (April 1663-Winter 1669/70) -- 5. Spinoza in The Hague (1669/70-1677) -- 6. Final Years (1675-1677) -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 2 Spinoza's Philology -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Historical Background -- 3. Spinoza's Works -- 4. The Development of Spinoza Philology in Outline -- References -- Chapter 3 Avicenna and Spinoza on Essence and Existence -- 1. From Avicenna to Spinoza -- 2. Essence: The 'Definition' -- 3. Essence and Existence: The Distinction -- 4. God's Essence is Existence -- 5. Essentially Different? -- 6. Conclusion -- References1 -- Chapter 4 Spinoza and Maimonides on True Religion -- 1. Definition of Religion -- 2. The Natural Divine Law and the Summum Bonum -- 3. Two Maimonidean Examples of Divine Commandments -- 4. King Solomon on Wisdom or Scientia -- 5. Why Does a Book on Ethics Begin with Deus? -- 6. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5 Spinoza and Scholastic Philosophy -- 1. The CM as an Intervention in Scholastic Debates -- 2. The Inseparability of God's Will and God's Intellect -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 6 Spinoza and ; Descartes -- 1. Rewriting Descartes: The Principles of Philosophy -- 2. Going beyond Descartes: Method and Metaphysics -- 3. Transforming Descartes: The Subject of Ethics -- 4. In the Wake of Descartes: The libertas philosophandi -- Notes -- References -- Further Readings -- Chapter 7 Spinoza's Dutch Philosophical Background -- 1. Leiden Scholasticism -- 2. Dutch Cartesianism -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 8 Spinoza and Hobbes -- 1. Desire and Causation.; 2. Emotions and Human Nature -- 3. Value and the State -- 4. Conclusion -- References -- Part II Metaphysics and Natural Philosophy -- Chapter 9 Spinoza's Monistic Metaphysics of Substance and Mode -- 1. The Meaning of the Two Theses -- 2. Arguments for the Two Theses -- 3. Spinoza's Uses of the Two Theses -- 4. Contemporary Applications of the Two Theses -- References -- Chapter 10 Spinoza and Eternity -- Acknowledgment -- Chapter 11 Spinoza on Causa Sui -- 1. Causa sui in Descartes -- 2. Spinoza's Causa (efficiens) sui -- 3. Defending Causa (efficiens) sui -- 4. Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 12 Spinoza's Physical Picture -- References -- Chapter 13 Spinoza's Mereology -- 1. Modal Parts and Substantial Indivisibility -- 2. Spatial Quantity and Divisibility -- 3. Mereology in the Oldenburg Letter -- References -- Chapter 14 Spinoza's Metaphysics of Time -- 1. Eternity -- 2. Duration -- 3. Time -- 4. Eternity and geometrical construction -- 5. The Mind-Eternity Paradox -- 6. Three Perspectives -- 7. The Time-Eternity Barrier -- 8. Nested Perspectives -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 15 Spinoza's Infinities -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Infinity as Perfection -- 3. Infinity as Negative Quality -- 4. Infinity as Positive Quality -- 5. Infinity as Universal Quantification -- 6. Summary and Open Questions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 16 Spinoza on Diachronic Identity -- 1. The Leibnizian Challenge -- 2. Material Things and Their Identity -- 3. Mental Things and Their Identity -- 4. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 17 Spinoza on Relations -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Relations as Beings of Reason -- 3. Relations vs. Universals -- 4. Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 18 Spinoza on Numerical Identity and Time -- 1. Introduction -- 2. A Puzzle.; 3. Identity and Discernibility -- 4. Indiscernibility of Identicals -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 19 Spinoza on Universals -- 1. Spinoza's Realism -- 2. Spinoza's Nominalism -- 3. Good and Bad Universals -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 20 Spinoza's Ontology of Power -- 1. E1p9: "The More Reality or Being Each Thing Has, The More Attributes Belong to It" -- 2. E1p10: "Every Attribute of a Substance Must be Conceived Through Itself" -- 3. E1p11s: Existence as the Power to Cause, or Produce Effects -- 4. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 21 Spinoza's Modal Theory -- 1. God-substance -- 2. Intelligible Necessity -- 3. Textual Evidence for a Non-necessitarianist Reading -- 4. Necessity of Reflective Acts -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 22 Spinoza on Determination -- 1. Introduction -- 3. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 23 Spinoza's Physics -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Extended Substance -- 3. Causation and Attribute-Neutrality -- 4. The Power of God and the Power of Bodies -- 5. Quantum In Se Est -- 6. Essences -- 7. Universality -- 8. Conclusion -- References -- Part III Epistemology, Philosophy of Mind, and Psychology -- Chapter 24 Spinoza on Human and Divine Knowledge -- 1. Introduction: The Status of Human Knowledge -- 2. Epistemic Subjectivity and the Human Standpoint -- 3. Human Cognition at Work -- 4. God's Intellect -- References -- Chapter 25 Reflective Knowledge -- 1. Introduction -- 2. What Is an Idea of an Idea? -- 3. Knowing that One Knows -- 4. Knowing That ; One Knows -- 5. Reasoning to Metaphysical Foundations -- 6. Intuiting Metaphysical Foundations -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 26 Spinoza Against the Skeptics -- 1. The Kinds of Skeptics Envisaged by Spinoza -- 2. The Common Core of Spinoza's Responses to the Skeptics -- 3. Spinoza's Epistemic Confidence.; 4. Conclusion: The Anti-/Skeptical Character of Spinoza's Philosophy -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 27 Spinoza on Ideas of Affections -- Introduction -- 1. Sensation in TIE, KV, and CM -- 2. Ideas of Affections: Sensation or Imagination? -- 3. Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 28 The Mind-Body Union -- 1. The Nature of Mind and Body Union -- 2. The Equality between Body and Mind -- References -- Chapter 29 Spinoza's Non-Theory of Non-Consciousness -- 1. "Conscious" and "Consciousness" in the Ethics -- 2. Consciousness Examined: Theories of Consciousness in Spinoza -- 3. Returning to The Texts -- 4. Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 30 Spinoza on the Passions and the Self -- 1. Deconstructing the Self -- 2. The Affective Field -- 3. Beyond Self and Other -- References -- Chapter 31 The Serpent and the Dove: Spinoza's Two Paths to Enlightenment -- 1. Beginning the Path -- 2. Follow the Yellow Brick Road -- 3. The Serpent -- 4. The Dove -- References -- Part IV Ethics, Politics, and Religion -- Chapter 32 Spinoza's Moral Philosophy -- 1. Good and Bad -- 2. Motivation -- 3. Virtue -- 4. Happiness -- 5. Doing Unto Others -- References -- Chapter 33 Spinoza on the Constitution of Animal Species -- 1. The Limits of Individual Natures -- 2. A First Argument: Commonality and Agreement -- 3. A Second Argument: The Right of Nature -- 4. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 34 Essence, Virtue and the State -- 1. Essence and Knowledge -- 2. Freedom and Unity -- 3. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 35 Law and Dissolution of Law in Spinoza -- References -- Chapter 36 Spinoza's Notion of Freedom -- 1. Imagination as a Power -- 2. Imagination, Emulation, and the Free Man -- References -- Chapter 37 Spinoza's "Republican Idea of Freedom" -- 1. Introduction.; 2. Spinoza's Republican Critique of Hobbesian Sovereignty -- 3. Criticisms of the Republican Idea of Freedom -- 4. Spinoza's Response to His Critics -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 38 Spinoza and Economics -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Spinoza and the Political Problem of Luxury -- 3. Spinoza's Mechanism Design -- 4. Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 39 Spinoza and Feminism -- 1. Spinoza's Anti-Individualism -- 2. The Conatus Doctrine -- 3. Anti-dualism -- 4. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 40 Spinoza and International Law -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Lauterpacht's Arguments Against Spinoza's Political Theory as a Robust Basis of International Law -- 3. Spinoza's Statements on International Relations in Light of the Ethical Project -- 4. Concluding Remarks: Towards a Spinozistic Foundation of International Law -- References -- Chapter 41 The Intellectual Love of God -- References -- Chapter 42 Spinoza and Scripture -- 1. The Paradox of a Work Saturated with Scriptural References -- 2. Why Interpret the Bible? -- 3. The Method and Its Results -- 4. Evaluation -- Bibliography -- Part V Aesthetics and Language -- Chapter 43 Spinoza's Aesthetics -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Anti-Realist Interpretations -- 3. Realist Interpretations -- 4. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 44 Following Traces in the Sand: Spinoza on Semiotics -- 1. Ontological Premises -- 2. The Semiosis of Imagination -- 3. Facies Totius Universi -- References -- Chapter 45 Spinoza and the Grammar of the Hebrew Language -- 1. Sources -- 2. Structure and Contents of the Work -- 3. Philosophical Import of the CGH -- References -- Part VI Spinoza's ; Reception -- Chapter 46 Leibniz and Spinoza on Plenitude and Necessity -- 1. Introduction -- 2. From Spinoza's Attributes to Leibnizian Possible Worlds.; 3. Leibniz's Reply to Necessitarianism: per se Possibility and Essence.

Introduction to numerical electrostatics using MATLAB / / Lawrence N. Dworsky

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910818371103321
• Autore: Dworsky Lawrence N. <1943->
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Hoboken, New Jersey : , : Wiley, , [2014]; ©2014
• ISBN: 1-118-75608-8; 1-118-75600-2; 1-118-75571-5
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (454 p.)
• Classificazione: SCI022000
• Disciplina: 537/.20151
• Soggetti: Electromagnetisme - Informàtica; Electroestàtica - Informàtica; Electromagnetism - Data processing; Electrostatics - Data processing
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Includes index.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Introduction to Numerical Electrostatics Using MATLAB®; Copyright; Contents; Preface; Introduction; Acknowledgments; 1 A Review of Basic Electrostatics; 1.1 Charge, Force, and the Electric Field; 1.2 Electric Flux Density and Gauss's Law; 1.3 Conductors; 1.4 Potential, Gradient, and Capacitance; 1.5 Energy in the Electric Field; 1.6 Poisson's and Laplace's Equations; 1.7 Dielectric Interfaces; 1.8 Electric Dipoles; 1.9 The Case for Approximate Numerical Analysis; Problems; 2 The Uses of Electrostatics; 2.1 Basic Circuit Theory; 2.2 Radio Frequency Transmission Lines; 2.3 Vacuum Tubes and Cathode Ray Tubes 2.4 Field Emission and the Scanning Electron Microscope; 2.5 Electrostatic Force Devices; 2.6 Gas Discharges and Lighting Devices; 3 Introduction to the Method of ; Moments Technique for Electrostatics; 3.1 Fundamental Equations; 3.2 A Working Equation Set; 3.3 The Single-Point Approximation for Off-Diagonal Terms; 3.4 Exact Solutions for the Diagonal Term and In-Plane Terms; 3.5 Approximating Li,j; Problems; 4 Examples using the Method of Moments; 4.1 A First Modeling Program; 4.2 Input Data File Preparation for the First Modeling Program; 4.3 Processing the Input Data 4.4 Generating the Li,j Array; 4.5 Solving the System and Examining Some Results; 4.6 Limits of Resolution; 4.7 Voltages and Fields; 4.8 Varying the Geometry; Problems; 5 Symmetries, Images and Dielectrics; 5.1 Symmetries; 5.2 Images; 5.3 Multiple Images and the Symmetric Stripline; 5.4 Dielectric Interfaces; 5.5 Two-Dimensional Cross Sections of UniformThree-Dimensional Structures; 5.6 Charge Profiles and Current Bunching; 5.7 Cylinder between Two Planes; Problems; 6 Triangles; 6.1 Introduction to Triangular Cells; 6.2 Right Triangles; 6.3 Calculating Li,i (Self ) Coefficients 6.4 Calculating Li,j for ij; 6.5 Basic Meshing and Data Formats for Triangular Cell MoM Programs; 6.6 Using MATLAB to Generate Triangular Meshings; 6.7 Calculating Voltages; 6.8 Calculating the Electric Field; 6.9 Three-Dimensional Structures; 6.10 Charge Profiles; Problems; 7 Summary and Overview; 7.1 Where We Were, Where We're Going; 8 The Finite Difference Method; 8.1 Introduction and a Simple Example; 8.2 Setting Up and Solving a Basic Problem; 8.3 The Gauss-Seidel (Relaxation) Solution Technique; 8.4 Charge, Gauss's Law, and Resolution; 8.5 Voltages and Fields 8.6 Stored Energy and Capacitance; Problems; 9 Refining the Finite Difference Method; 9.1 Refined Grids; 9.2 Arbitrary Conductor Shapes; 9.3 Mixed Dielectric Regions and a New Derivation of the Finite Difference Equation; 9.4 Example: Structure with a Dielectric Interface; 9.5 Axisymmetric Cylindrical Coordinates; 9.6 Symmetry Boundary Condition; 9.7 Duality, and Upper and Lower Bounds to Solutions for Transmission Lines; 9.8 Extrapolation; 9.9 Three-Dimensional Grids; Problems; 10 Multielectrode Systems; 10.1 Multielectrode Structures; 10.2 Utilizing Superposition; 10.3 Utilizing Symmetry
• Sommario/riassunto: "The first of its kind uniquely devoted to the field of computational electrostatics, this book dives headfirst into the actual problems that engineers are expected to solve using method of moment (MoM), finite difference, and finite element techniques. Readers are guided step by step through specific problems and challenges, covering all aspects of electrostatics with an emphasis on numerical procedures. Focusing on practical examples, mathematical equations, and common issues with algorithms, this is an ideal text for students in engineering, physics, and electrostatics--and working engineers and physicists"--; "Introduction to Numerical Electrostatics contains problem sets, an accompanying web site with simulations, and a complete list of computer codes"--

The aging mind : opportunities in cognitive research / / Committee on Future Directions for Cognitive Research on Aging ; Paul C. Stern and Laura L. Carstensen, editors

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910959956803321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, c2000
• ISBN: 9780309172196; 0309172195; 9780309516365; 0309516366
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: xii, 271 p. : ill
• Altri autori (Persone): SternPaul C. <1944->; CarstensenLaura L
• Disciplina: 155.67/13
• Soggetti: Cognition - Age factors; Ability, Influence of age on
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Front Matter -- Contents -- Preface -- Executive Summary -- 1 Understanding the Aging Mind -- 2 Neural Health -- 3 Cognition in Context -- 4 Structure of the Aging Mind -- 5 Implementation -- References -- A Age-Related Shifts in Neural Circuit Characteristics and Their Impact on Age-Related Cognitive Impairments -- B Homeostatic Processes in Brain Aging: The Role of Apoptosis, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress in Regulating Healthy Neural Circuitry in the Aging Brain -- C The Bearable Lightness of Aging: Judgment and Decision Processes in Older Adults -- D Cognitive Aging and Adaptive Technologies -- E Health Effects on Cognitive Aging -- F Cultural Variations in Cognition: Implications for Aging Research -- G Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain in Nonhuman Primates: A Prospectus for Research on Aging -- H Biographical Sketches -- Index.
• Sommario/riassunto: Possible new breakthroughs in understanding the aging mind that can be used to benefit older people are now emerging from research. This volume identifies the key scientific advances and the opportunities they ; bring. For example, science has learned that among older adults who do not suffer from Alzheimer's disease or other dementias, cognitive decline may depend less on loss of brain cells than on changes in the health of neurons and neural networks. Research on the processes that maintain neural health shows promise of revealing new ways to promote cognitive functioning in older people. Research is also showing how cognitive functioning depends on the conjunction of biology and culture. The ways older people adapt to changes in their nervous systems, and perhaps the changes themselves, are shaped by past life experiences, present living situations, changing motives, cultural expectations, and emerging technology, as well as by their physical health status and sensory-motor capabilities. Improved understanding of how physical and contextual factors interact can help explain why some cognitive functions are impaired in aging while others are spared and why cognitive capability is impaired in some older adults and spared in others. On the basis of these exciting findings, the report makes specific recommends that the U.S. government support three major new initiatives as the next steps for research.