During the last decade, capital markets increasingly became the main funding source for infrastructure finance and provision worldwide, including investments in developing and transition countries where infrastructure penetration still falls considerably short of needs. Infrastructure bonds served as the most popular method of oil, gas, electricity, telecommunications, and transport project financing in these countries throughout 1990-99, thereby substituting government funding. Thriving markets require not only an appropriate designed economic system, but also a secure political foundation that limits the ability of the state to confiscate wealth. This requires a presence of political institutions that credibly commit the state to honor economic and political rights. Investments in infrastructure are particularly susceptible to the risks of government interference. These and other risks impinge on investor confidence. This paper uses international cross-sectional and time-series infrastructure bond risk premium and credit rating history data from the past decade to examine the factors that influence investor risk perceptions and that inflate the cost of borrowing for essential infrastructure. The information thus generated about key governance risks is then analyzed for its policy implications. |