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1. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910958557703321 |
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Titolo |
International Reserves in Low Income Countries : : Have they Served As Buffers? |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Washington, D.C. : , : International Monetary Fund, , 2012 |
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ISBN |
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9781463950828 |
1463950829 |
9781463968540 |
146396854X |
9781463935740 |
1463935749 |
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Edizione |
[1st ed.] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (38 p.) |
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Collana |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Foreign exchange reserves - Developing countries |
Finance, Public - Developing countries |
Banks and Banking |
Exports and Imports |
Macroeconomics |
Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development |
Open Economy Macroeconomics |
Development Planning and Policy: Trade Policy |
Factor Movement |
Foreign Exchange Policy |
Monetary Policy |
Empirical Studies of Trade |
Trade: General |
Macroeconomics: Consumption |
Saving |
Wealth |
International Investment |
Long-term Capital Movements |
International economics |
Banking |
Finance |
International reserves |
Terms of trade |
Imports |
Consumption |
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Foreign direct investment |
Foreign exchange reserves |
Economic policy |
nternational cooperation |
Economics |
Investments, Foreign |
Nternational cooperation |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Description based upon print version of record. |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Cover; Contents; I. Introduction; II. Event Study Analysis: 1980-2007; A. Methodology; Figures; 1. Definition of Shock Episodes; 2. Identifying the Cost Associated with a Shock; B. Anatomy of Shocks; Tables; 1. Frequency and Size of Shocks; C. Macroeconomic Impact and Cost of Shocks; 2. Frequency and Size of Shocks by Region; 3. Macroeconomic Impact of Shocks; 4. Costs by Type Shocks; D. The Role of International Reserves; 5. Annual Losses and Level of Reserves; E. Robustness Analysis; 6. Costs of External Shocks by Variable and Type of Shock; 3. Frequency and Size of Shocks (25th Percentile) |
7. Costs of External Shocks by Variable and Type of Shock (25th percentile)4. Frequency and Size of Shocks(Whole Sample Distribution); 8. Costs of External Shocks by Variable and Type of Shock (Whole Sample Distribution); 9. Macroeconomic Performance by Level of Reserves and Structural Characteristics ("Closed" Events); III. Global Financial Crisis: 2008-2010; 10. Macroeconomic Impact of the Crisis; 11. Macroeconomic Impact of the Crisis by Level of Reserves; 12. Macroeconomic Performance by Level of Reserves and Structural Characteristics; IV. Conclusions; V. References; VI. Appendix |
A.1: List of VariablesA.2: List of Countries and Structural Characteristics of the Economy; A.3: Shock Variables (1980-2007)-Summary Statistics; A.4: Macroeconomic Variables (1980-2007)-Summary Statistics; A.5: Macroeconomic Impact of Shocks; A.6: Macroeconomic Impact of Shocks (continued); A.1: GDP and Consumption Costs by Type of Shock; A.2: GDP and Consumption Costs by Type of Shock (continued); A.3: GDP Costs by Type of Shock and Level of Reserves; A.4: GDP Costs by Type of Shock and Level of Reserves (continued); A.5: Consumption Costs by Type of Shock and Level of Reserves |
A.6: Consumption Costs by Type of Shock and Level of Reserves (continued)A.7: SDR Allocation; A.8: Macroeconomic Impact of the Crisis |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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This paper provides a historical perspective on the role of international reserves in low-income countries as a cushion against large external shocks over the last three decades - including the current global crisis. The results suggest that international reserves have played a role in buffering external shocks, with the resulting macroeconomic costs varying with the nature of the shock, the economy's structural characteristics, and the level of reserves. |
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2. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910956741703321 |
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Autore |
Freeland Cynthia A |
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Titolo |
But is it art? : an introduction to art theory / / Cynthia Freeland |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Oxford ; ; New York, : Oxford University Press, 2001 |
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ISBN |
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1-299-44194-7 |
0-19-159377-X |
0-19-150425-4 |
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Edizione |
[1st ed.] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (254 p.) |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Aesthetics |
Art - Philosophy |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Description based upon print version of record. |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references (p. 210-221) and index. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Cover; Contents; Colour plates; Black and white illustrations; Introduction; 1 Blood and beauty; 2 Paradigms and purposes; 3 Cultural crossings; 4 Money, markets, museums; 5 Gender, genius, and Guerrilla Girls; 6 Cognition, creation, comprehension; 7 Digitizing and disseminating; Conclusion; References; Further reading; Index; A; B; C; D; E; F; G; H; I; J; K; L; M; N; O; P; R; S; T; V; W; Z |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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In today's art world many strange, even shocking, things qualify as art. In this book, Cynthia Freeland explains why innovation and controversy are valued in the arts, weaving together philosophy and art theory with many fascinating examples. She discusses blood, beauty, culture, money, museums, sex, and politics, clarifying contemporary and historical accounts of the nature, function, and interpretation of the arts. Freeland also propels us into the future by surveying cutting-edge web sites, along with the latest research on the brain's role in perceiving art. This clear, provocative book en |
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