1.

Record Nr.

UNINA9910957776403321

Titolo

Pharmacokinetics in risk assessment / / Subcommittee on Disinfectants and Disinfectant By-Products, Safe Drinking Water Committee, Board on Toxicology and Environmental Health Hazards, Assembly of Life Sciences, National Research Council

Pubbl/distr/stampa

Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1987

ISBN

9786610221608

9781280221606

1280221607

9780309557696

0309557690

9780585155395

0585155399

Edizione

[1st ed.]

Descrizione fisica

1 online resource (512 pages)

Collana

Drinking water and health ; ; v.8

Disciplina

333.9122

Soggetti

Drinking water - Contamination - United States

Drinking water - Contamination

Drinking water - Health aspects - United States

Drinking water - Health aspects

Water - Pollution - Toxicology

Lingua di pubblicazione

Inglese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia

Nota di contenuto

""Pharmacokinetics in Risk Assessment""; ""Copyright""; ""PREFACE""; ""Contents""; ""PART I INTRODUCTION: THE PROBLEM AND AN APPROACH ""; ""Risk Assessment: Historical Perspectives""; ""References""; ""Tissue Dosimetry in Risk Assessment, or What's the Problem Here Anyway?""; ""INTRODUCTION""; ""A DOSE OF WHAT?""; ""ISN'T THIS VOLUME ABOUT PHARMACOKINETICS?""; ""GENOTOXIC CARCINOGENS""; ""PARENT CHEMICAL""; ""STABLE METABOLITES""; ""REACTIVE, NONISOLATABLE METABOLITES""; ""INTERCALATING AGENTS""; ""EPIGENETIC CARCINOGENS""; ""SUMMARY""; ""References""; ""PART II MATHEMATICAL MODELING ""



""Modeling: An Introduction"" ""References""; ""Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling""; ""INTRODUCTION""; ""BIOLOGICAL BASIS OF PHYSIOLOGICAL PHARMACOKINETICS""; ""DEVELOPMENT OF MODELS""; ""CHOICE OF COMPARTMENTS""; ""BASIC MASS BALANCES""; ""Mass Balance: Blood Pool""; ""Mass Balance: Tissue Region i""; ""SIMPLIFICATIONS OF MASS BALANCES""; ""Examples""; ""DISCUSSION""; ""FUTURE RESEARCH NEEDS""; ""References""; ""PART III GENERALIZATIONS AND EXTRAPOLATIONS ""; ""Allometry: Body Size Constraints in Animal Design""; ""INTRODUCTION""; ""SIZE, DESIGN, AND PHARMACOKINETICS""

""Aerobic Energetics of Muscle In Vivo"" ""Conflict of Physiological and Chronological Time""; ""Species Extrapolations, Physiological Time, and Pharmacokinetics""; ""CONCLUSIONS""; ""SUMMARY""; ""References""; ""Prediction of In Vivo Parameters of Drug Metabolism and Distribution from In Vitro Studies""; ""IN VITRO PREDICTION OF IN VIVO DRUG METABOLISM""; ""IN VITRO PREDICTION OF IN VIVO DRUG BINDING AND DISTRIBUTION""; ""CONCLUSION""; ""References""; ""Dose, Species, and Route Extrapolation: General Aspects""; ""DIFFERENT PROBLEMS AND OBJECTIVES, DIFFERENT MODELS""; ""Different Mechanisms""

""GENERAL PHYSIOLOGICALLY BASED PHARMACOKINETIC MODELS"" ""Simplification of Models""; ""Rates of Formation of Complexes""; ""Diffusional Barriers and Modified Fick's Law""; ""Simple PB-PK Models""; ""Basic Parameters fu and R""; ""Nonlinear Kinetics and Lost Concepts""; ""INTERFACE BETWEEN PB-PK MODELS AND CLEARANCES""; ""Organ Availabilities (F), Extraction Ratios (E), and Clearances (CL)""; ""Physiologically Based Linear Compartmental Pharmacokinetic Models""; ""Validity of the Assumption of Virtual Steady State""; ""Calculation of Other Compartmental Model Parameters""

""Approximations of Terminal Half-Lives"" ""Approximate Time Required to Approach Steady State""; ""LINEAR PHARMACOKINETIC SYSTEMS""; ""Total Body Clearance""; ""Importance of the Unbound Concentration of Substances""; ""Classification of Organs;  Routes of Administration""; ""Non-First-Pass, Nonelimination Organs""; ""Range of Maximum and Minimum Unbound Concentrations in Nonelimination Organs and Repetitive Administration""; ""Non-First-Pass, Elimination Organs""; ""FIRST-PASS, NONELIMINATION ORGANS""; ""First-Pass, Elimination Organs""; ""ROUTE-TO-ROUTE EXTRAPOLATION""; ""Lungs and Skin Administration""

Sommario/riassunto

Pharmacokinetics, the study of the movement of chemicals within the body, is a vital tool in assessing the risk of exposure to environmental chemicals. This book--a collection of papers authored by experts in academia, industry, and government--reviews the progress of the risk-assessment process and discusses the role of pharmacokinetic principles in evaluating risk. In addition, the authors discuss software packages used to analyze data and to build models simulating biological phenomena. A summary chapter provides a view of trends in pharmacokinetic modeling and notes some prospective fields of study.