1.

Record Nr.

UNINA9910965789903321

Titolo

The mechanical mind in history / / edited by Philip Husbands, Owen Holland, and Michael Wheeler

Pubbl/distr/stampa

Cambridge, Mass., : MIT Press, c2008

ISBN

9786612096419

9780262311120

0262311127

9780262256384

026225638X

9781282096417

1282096419

9781435631731

1435631730

Edizione

[1st ed.]

Descrizione fisica

1 online resource (469 p.)

Altri autori (Persone)

HusbandsPhil

HollandOwen

WheelerMichael <1960->

Disciplina

006.309

Soggetti

Artificial intelligence - History

Artificial intelligence

Lingua di pubblicazione

Inglese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia

Note generali

"A Bradford book."

Nota di bibliografia

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Nota di contenuto

Contents; Preface; 1 Introduction: The Mechanical Mind; 2 Charles Babbage and the Emergence of Automated Reason; 3 D'Arcy Thompson: A Grandfather of A-Life 1; 4 Alan Turing's Mind Machines; 5 What Did Alan Turing Mean by ''Machine''?; 6 The Ratio Club: A Hub of British Cybernetics; 7 From Mechanisms of Adaptation to Intelligence Amplifiers: The Philosophy of W. Ross Ashby; 8 Gordon Pask and His Maverick Machines; 9 Santiago Dreaming; 10 Steps Toward the Synthetic Method: Symbolic Information Processing and Self-Organizing Systems in Early Artificial Intelligence Modeling

11 The Mechanization of Art 12 The Robot Story: Why Robots Were Born and How They Grew Up; 13 God's Machines: Descartes on the



Mechanization of Mind; 14 Why Heideggerian AI Failed and How Fixing It Would Require Making It More Heideggerian; 15 An Interview with John Maynard Smith; 16 An Interview with John Holland; 17 An Interview with Oliver Selfridge; 18 An Interview with Horace Barlow; 19 An Interview with Jack Cowan; About the Contributors; Index

Sommario/riassunto

The idea of intelligent machines has become part of popular culture. Tracing the history of the actual science of machine intelligence reveals a rich network of cross-disciplinary contributions, and the origins of ideas now central to artificial intelligence, artificial life, cognitive science and neuroscience.

2.

Record Nr.

UNINA9910957657803321

Autore

Lodge R. Anthony

Titolo

French, from dialect to standard / / R. Anthony Lodge

Pubbl/distr/stampa

London ; ; New York, : Routledge, 1993

ISBN

1-134-89414-7

1-134-89415-5

0-203-15814-8

1-280-40843-X

9786610408436

Edizione

[1st ed.]

Descrizione fisica

ix, 285 p. : ill., maps

Disciplina

440/.9

Soggetti

French language - History

French language - Standardization

French language - Social aspects - France

Latin language - Influence on French

Lingua di pubblicazione

Inglese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia

Note generali

Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph

Nota di bibliografia

Includes bibliographical references (p. 261-278) and index.

Nota di contenuto

chapter 2 THE LATINISATION OF GAUL -- chapter 3 THE DIALECTALISATION OF GALLO-ROMANCE -- chapter 4 SELECTION OF NORMS -- chapter 5 ELABORATION OF FUNCTION -- chapter 6 CODIFICATION -- chapter 7 ACCEPTANCE -- chapter 8 MAINTENANCE OF THE STANDARD.



Sommario/riassunto

Written as a text, this book looks at the external history of French from its Latin origins to the present day through some of the analytical frameworks developed by contemporary sociolinguistics. French is one of the most highly standardized of the world's languages and the author invites us to see the language as heterogenous, rather than a monolithic entity, using the model proposed by E. Haugen as a useful comparative grid to plot the development of standardization. After an introductory section which examines the dialectalization of Latin in Gaul, the four central chapters of the book are constructed around the basic processes invoved in standardization as identified by Haugen: the selection of norms, the elaboration of function, codification and acceptance. The concluding chapter deals with language variability and the wide gulf that has now developed between French used for formal purposes and that used in everyday speech, with particular reference to Occitan speaking regions.; Emphasizing the ordinary speakers of the language, rather than the statesmen or great authors as agents of change, the book combines a traditional history of the language' approach with a sociolinguistic framework to provide a broad and comparative overview of the problem of language standardization.