Intro -- COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY ENDOWMENTS: CASE STUDIES AND TAX ISSUES -- COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY ENDOWMENTS: CASE STUDIES AND TAX ISSUES -- LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1: TAX ISSUES AND UNIVERSITY ENDOWMENTS -- TAX BENEFITS FOR UNIVERSITY ENDOWMENTS -- HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS: AN OVERVIEW OF ENDOWMENTS, PAYOUTS, AND INVESTMENT PRACTICES -- ANALYSIS OF ENDOWMENTS, RETURNS, PAYOUT RATIOS, TUITION GROWTH, AND UNDERGRADUATE AID FOR UNIVERSITIES AND LIBERAL ARTS COLLEGES WITH LARGE ENDOWMENTS -- POLICY OPTIONS TO INCREASE ENDOWMENT PAYOUT FOR TUITION RELIEF -- Chapter 2: POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION: COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY ENDOWMENTS HAVE SHOWN LONG-TERM GROWTH, WHILE SIZE, RESTRICTIONS, AND DISTRIBUTIONS VARY -- WHY GAO DID THIS STUDY -- WHAT GAO RECOMMENDS -- WHAT GAO FOUND -- ABBREVIATIONS -- BACKGROUND -- ENDOWMENTS VARY GREATLY IN SIZE AND GREW DURING THE PAST 20 YEARS DESPITEOCCASIONAL DECLINES -- Endowment Size Varies among Institutions, with Many Small and a Few Very Large Ones -- Endowments Have Grown since 1989 despite Declines in Some Years -- DISTRIBUTIONS FROM ENDOWMENT FUNDS ARE TYPICALLY SUBJECT TO RESTRICTIONS -- COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES ESTABLISH THEIR OWN POLICIES |