Moving people to deliver services / / Aaditya Mattoo and Antonia Carzaniga, editors

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910780357703321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Washington, DC : , : A copublication of the World Bank and Oxford University Press, , [2003]; copyright 2003
• ISBN: 1-280-08649-1; 9786610086498; 0-8213-8908-4; 0-8213-8365-5; 0-585-46564-9
• Descrizione fisica: xi, 244 pages : illustrations ; ; 23 cm
• Collana: Trade and development series.
• Altri autori (Persone): MattooAaditya; CarzanigaAntonia (Antonia Giulia)
• Disciplina: 382/.9
• Soggetti: Banks and banking, International; Financial services industry - Developing countries
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Cover; Title Page; Contents; Foreword; Acknowledgments; 1 Introduction and Overview; Notes; References; The Economics, Law, and Policy of Mode 4; The Stakeholders' View; The Regulators' Perspective; Index; Back Cover
• Sommario/riassunto: The WTO is today dealing with an issue that lies at the interface of two major challenges the world faces, trade liberalization and international migration. Greater freedom for the "temporary movement of individual service suppliers" is being negotiated under the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). Conditions in many developed economies - ranging from aging populations to shortages of skilled labor - suggest that this may be a propitious time to put labor mobility squarely on the negotiating agenda. Yet there is limited awareness of how the GATS mechanism can be used to foster liber

The processing of events / / Oliver Bott

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910955137303321
• Autore: Bott Oliver <1973->
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Amsterdam ; ; Philadelphia, : John Benjamins Pub. Company, 2010
• ISBN: 9786612895838; 9781282895836; 1282895834; 9789027287977; 902728797X
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (407 p.)
• Collana: Linguistik aktuell/Linguistics today, , 0166-0829 ; ; v. 162
• Disciplina: 410.1/9
• Soggetti: Grammar, Comparative and general - Aspect; Psycholinguistics
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: The Processing of Events -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC data -- Table of contents -- List of tables -- List of figures -- Abbreviations and symbols -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Events in cognitive psychology and linguistics -- 2.1. Events from a psychological perspective -- 2.1.1 Experiments on event perception and reporting -- Perception systems used in event perception -- 2.1.2 The importance of planning in narrating and remembering events -- 2.1.3 A brief summary -- 2.2. Events in linguistics -- 2.2.1 A calculus of events (Hamm &amp -- van Lambalgen (2005)) -- Basic ontology -- Primitive predicates -- Axioms of the Event Calculus -- Scenarios -- 2.2.2 The representation of Aktionsart -- States (eventualities of type &lt -- −,−,−,f3&gt -- ) -- Activities (eventualities of type &lt -- f1 f2,−,−&gt -- ) -- Accomplishments (eventualities of type &lt -- f1 f2, e, f3&gt -- ) -- Semelfactives (eventualities of type &lt -- −,−,e,−&gt -- ) -- Achievements (eventualities of type &lt -- −, −, e, f3&gt -- ) -- 2.2.3 The classification of Aktionsart -- 2.2.4 The composition of Aktionsart -- 2.2.5 Hierarchical event structures -- 2.2.6 A glimpse at the computational machinery -- 2.3. Coercion -- 2.3.1 Semantic theories on coercion -- Complement coercion and the generative ; lexicon -- Aspectual coercion - The transition network -- 2.3.2 Operator-based accounts -- Introducing a semantic operator -- Operators that are also realized in syntax -- 2.3.3 Underspecification -- Pulman's approach -- Dölling's approach -- Egg's approach -- 2.3.4 Planning accounts -- Planning and affordances - Steedman's approach -- Coercion in EC -- 2.3.5 A short summary -- 2.3.6 Psycholinguistic studies on coercion -- 2.3.7 Studies on complement coercion -- Underlying processes -- 2.3.8 Studies on aspectual coercion -- Piñango, et al. (1999) -- Todorova, et al. (2000).; Pickering, et al. (2006) -- Brennan &amp -- Pylkkänen (2008 a) -- A short summary -- 2.4. Summary and conclusions -- Hypotheses and predictions -- 3.1. A general model of aspectual interpretation -- 3.1.1 What factors guide lexical aspectual access? -- 3.1.2 What kinds of repair processes are there? -- 3.1.3 What is the processing domain for aspectual coercion? -- 3.1.4 How is semantic reanalysis carried out in the brain? -- Evoked activity in the EEG: ERPs -- Predictions based on the different coercion accounts -- 3.2. Semantic derivations for different kinds of coercion -- 3.2.1 Subtractive coercion -- Derivation I: A stop-event cancels finish -- Derivation II: Revision and recomputation -- 3.2.2 Absract type shift -- Computing an iterative reading I: Semelfactive -&gt -- activity -- Computing an iterative reading II: Accomplishment -&gt -- activity -- 3.2.3 Additive coercion -- 3.3. Coercion at the offline/online-boundary: Experiment 1 -- 3.3.1 Method -- Materials -- Predictions -- Participants -- Procedure -- Data analysis -- 3.3.2 Results -- 3.3.3 Discussion -- 3.4. Summary and conclusion -- The access to lexical aspectual information -- 4.1. Ambiguity resolution in the aspectual domain -- 4.2. Factors that play a role in syntax -- 4.2.1 Frequency information in syntactic disambiguation -- 4.2.2 Context information in syntactic disambiguation -- 4.3. Applying frequency and context to aspectual ambiguity -- 4.3.1 The probabilistic parsing hypothesis -- 4.3.2 The lazy parsing hypothesis -- 4.3.3 The aspectual underspecification hypothesis -- 4.3.4 A short summary -- 4.4. The role of lexical frequency information: Experiment 2 -- 4.5. Determining lexical frequencies: A corpus study -- 4.5.1 Method -- 4.5.2 Results and discussion -- 4.6. Frequency information: Evidence from reading times -- 4.6.1 Method -- Materials -- Participants -- Procedure.; Data analysis -- 4.6.2 Results -- End of sentence judgments -- Reading times -- 4.6.3 Discussion -- 4.7. The role of context information: Experiment 3 -- 4.7.1 Methods -- Materials -- Participants -- Procedure -- 4.7.2 Results -- Sensicality judgments -- Reading times -- 4.7.3 Discussion -- 4.8. General discussion and conclusions -- Processing different types of coercion -- 5.1. Additive coercion: Experiment 4a -- 5.1.1 The aspectual enrichment hypothesis (AEH) -- 5.1.2 Method -- Materials -- Participants -- Procedure -- Data analysis -- 5.1.3 Results -- "Makes sense" judgements -- Reading times -- 5.1.4 Discussion -- 5.2. Subtractive coercion: Experiment 5 -- 5.2.1 Method -- Materials -- Participants -- Procedure and statistical analysis -- 5.2.2 Results -- Judgments -- Reading times -- 5.2.3 Discussion -- Two alternative ways to achieve subtractive coercion -- 5.3. Abstract type shift: Experiment 6 -- 5.3.1 Natural language has flexible semantic types -- 5.3.2 Abstract type shift - Difficult to perform? -- 5.3.3 The abstract type shift hypothesis (ATSH) -- 5.3.4 Method -- Materials -- Pretests -- Participants -- Procedure and data analysis -- 5.3.5 Results -- Question answering data -- Reading times -- 5.3.6 Discussion -- 5.4. General discussion and conclusions -- The processing domain of Aktionsart -- 6.1. The increment size in aspectual processing -- 6.1.1 Can the existing studies tell us anything ; about the domain size? -- 6.1.2 Pretesting the grammaticality of the word order variants -- Method and results -- 6.2. What do readers predict? A production experiment (Exp. 7) -- 6.2.1 Method -- Materials -- Procedure -- Participants -- Data analysis -- 6.2.2 Results -- Quantitative analysis -- Qualitative analysis -- 6.2.3 Discussion -- 6.3. The bare verb as processing domain: Experiment 4b -- 6.3.1 Method -- 6.3.2 Results -- 6.3.3 Discussion.; 6.4. The VP as processing domain: Experiment 8 -- 6.4.1 Method -- Materials and procedure -- Participants -- 6.4.2 Results -- Judgments -- Reading times -- 6.4.3 Discussion -- 6.5. Summary and conclusions -- The processing of temporality in the brain -- 7.1. EEG research in psycholinguistics -- 7.1.1 Measuring event-related brain potentials -- 7.1.2 Neurolinguistic models of sentence comprehension -- 7.2. Relevant brain studies -- 7.2.1 Brain studies on temporality in language -- 7.2.2 Brain studies on complement coercion -- 7.3. An EEG study on the processing of aktionsart and tense (Experiment 9) -- 7.3.1 Theoretical accounts of aspectual coercion -- 7.3.2 Method -- 7.3.3 Results -- 7.3.4 Discussion -- 7.4. Summary and conclusions -- 7.4.1 A question for future research -- The specified processing model of aspectual reanalysis -- 8.1. A replication of Experiments 5 and 6: Experiment 10a/b -- 8.1.1 Materials -- 8.1.2 Pretesting the readings -- Methods -- Results and discussion -- 8.2. Iterative readings: Experiment 10a and b -- 8.2.1 Methods -- Participants -- 8.2.2 Results -- Sensicality judgments -- Reading times -- 8.2.3 Discussion -- Subtractive coercion -- Iterative semelfactives -- 8.3. Summary and conclusions -- Summary and conclusions -- 9.1. Relating the findings to formal semantic accounts of aspectual reinterpretation -- 9.1.1 Operator-based accounts -- 9.1.2 Underspecification accounts -- Psycholinguistic underspecification -- Semantic underspecification -- 9.1.3 Planning accounts -- 9.2. Predictions for psycholinguistic experiments -- 9.3. Relating the findings to psycholinguistic studies on coercion -- 9.3.1 Studies on aspectual coercion -- 9.3.2 Studies on complement coercion -- 9.4. Relating the findings to models of sentence processing -- 9.4.1 Towards an immediacy model of semantic processing -- 9.5. Open questions.; 9.5.1 Questions for further research -- 9.5.2 Issues in modeling aspectual processing -- References -- The semantics of logic programming and its implementation by recurrent neural nets -- A.1. Propositional logic programming -- A.2. The construction of minimal models using neural nets -- Discourse representation theory (DRT) -- B.1. Processing a sample discourse -- Target sentences in experiment 1 -- Lexical frequencies of verbs in Experiment 2 -- Target sentences in Experiment 2 -- Discourses in Experiment 3 -- Target sentences in Experiment 4 (4a and 4b) -- Target sentences in Experiment 5 -- Target sentences in Experiment 6 -- Target sentences in Experiment 8 -- Target sentences in Experiment 9 -- Normed fillers -- Target sentences in Experiment 10 a -- Target sentences in experiment 10 b -- Index -- The series Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today.
• Sommario/riassunto: Synthesizing ideas from event semantics and psycholinguistics, this monograph provides a new perspective on the processing of linguistic aspect and aspectual coercion. Confronting alternative semantic accounts with experimental evidence, the author develops a comprehensive model of online aspectual interpretation. The first part of the book critically reviews competing theoretical accounts of aspectual coercion. As an analytical tool the author introduces a computational model based on the event calculus by Hamm & van Lambalgen (2005) which makes use of planning formalisms from artificial intelligence. Detailed predictions from this framework are then ; tested in the experimental work reported in the second part. The focus here is on such questions as: Is aspectual coercion a uniform phenomenon or must we distinguish different types? Is aspect processed incrementally or is it computed only at the clause boundary? And finally, what insights can event related potentials yield about how the brain resolves local aspectual mismatch?.

Self and non-self in early Buddhism / / Joaquín Pérez Remón

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910963176803321
• Autore: Pérez Remón Joaquín
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: The Hague ; ; New York : , : Mouton, , [1980]; ©1980
• ISBN: 9783111752020; 311175202X; 9783110804164; 3110804166
• Edizione: [Reprint 2012]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (424 p.)
• Collana: Religion and Reason ; ; 22; Religion and reason ; ; 22
• Classificazione: BE 8520
• Disciplina: 294.3/422
• Soggetti: Ātman; Anātman; Buddhism - Doctrines
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Originally presented as the author's thesis (doctoral--University of Bombay) under the title: The Anattavāda in the Suttapiţaka.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references (pages 384-387) and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Frontmatter -- Preface -- Contents -- List of Sources and Abbreviations -- Introduction -- PART ONE: The Existential Self -- 1. Preliminary Remarks -- 2. Atta as Man's Highest Value -- 3. The Self as the Moral Agent -- 4. The Self and Moral Evil -- 5. Towards Perfection -- 6. The Self and Perfection -- 7. The Self as Related to Kamma and Rebirth -- 8. A Brief General Assessment of the First Part -- PART TWO: The Metaphysical Self -- 9. The Doctrine of Anattā Can Coexist With the Reality of Attā -- 10. The Doctrine of Anattā Taught Through the ; Denial of Positive Terms -- 11. The Doctrine of Non-Self Taught Through the Predication of the Negative Term Anattā -- 12. Asmimāna, Sakkāyadiṭṭhi, Sassatavāda and Ucchedavāda -- 13. Self and Non-self After Liberation -- 14. Recapitulation -- Notes -- Selected Bibliography -- Glossary of terms -- Table of Scriptural Passages Commented or Quoted -- Index of Names and Subjects
• Sommario/riassunto: Sinceits founding by Jacques Waardenburg in 1971, Religion and Reason has been a leading forum for contributions on theories, theoretical issues and agendas related to the phenomenon and the study of religion. Topics include (among others) category formation, comparison, ethnophilosophy, hermeneutics, methodology, myth, phenomenology, philosophy of science, scientific atheism, structuralism, and theories of religion. From time to time the series publishes volumes that map the state of the art and the history of the discipline.