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Record Nr. |
UNINA9910965829103321 |
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Autore |
Clotfelter Charles T |
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Titolo |
Federal tax policy and charitable giving / / Charles T. Clotfelter |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Chicago, : University of Chicago Press, 1985 |
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ISBN |
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9786611223229 |
9781281223227 |
1281223220 |
9780226110615 |
0226110613 |
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Edizione |
[1st ed.] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (xii, 321 pages) : illustrations |
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Collana |
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National Bureau of Economic Research monograph |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Charitable bequests - United States - Mathematical models |
Corporations - Charitable contributions - United States - Mathematical models |
Income tax deductions for charitable contributions - United States - Mathematical models |
Voluntarism - United States - Mathematical models |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Description based upon print version of record. |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliography and indexes. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Front matter -- National Bureau of Economic Research -- Relation of the Directors to the Work and Publications of the National Bureau of Economic Research -- Contents -- Preface -- 1. Tax Policy and Support for the Nonprofit Sector: An Overview -- 2. Contributions by Individuals: Estimates of the Effects of Taxes -- 3. Contributions by Individuals: Simulating the Effects of Tax Policies -- 4. Volunteer Effort -- 5. Corporate Contributions -- 6. Charitable Bequests -- 7. Foundations -- 8. Charitable Giving Behavior and the Evaluation of Tax Policy -- Appendix A. Description of Pooled Data Set for Individual Contributions -- Appendix B. Means, Estimated Coefficients, Variances, and Covariances for Individual Giving Equations, I975 -- Appendix C. Volunteering and Giving in a Simple Model of Individual Behavior -- Appendix D. Description of National Study of Philanthropy and Related |
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Transformations -- Appendix E. Calculation of Marginal Tax Rates on Corporate Income -- Appendix F. Top Marginal Tax Rates on Corporate Net Income, 1936-77 -- Appendix G. Comparison of Aggregate Tax-Rate Variables -- References -- Author Index -- Subject Index |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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The United States is distinctive among Western countries in its reliance on nonprofit institutions to perform major social functions. This reliance is rooted in American history and is fostered by federal tax provisions for charitable giving. In this study, Charles T. Clotfelter demonstrates that changes in tax policy-effected through legislation or inflation-can have a significant impact on the level and composition of giving. Clotfelter focuses on empirical analysis of the effects of tax policy on charitable giving in four major areas: individual contributions, volunteering, corporate giving, and charitable bequests. For each area, discussions of economic theory and relevant tax law precede a review of the data and methodology used in econometric studies of charitable giving. In addition, new econometric analyses are presented, as well as empirical data on the effect of taxes on foundations. While taxes are not the most important determinant of contributions, the results of the analyses presented here suggest that charitable deductions, as well as tax rates and other aspects of the tax system, are significant factors in determining the size and distribution of charitable giving. This work is a model for policy-oriented research efforts, but it also supplies a major (and very timely) addition to the evidence that must inform future proposals for tax reform. |
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2. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910954691803321 |
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Autore |
Vendler Helen <1933-2024.> |
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Titolo |
Last looks, last books : Stevens, Plath, Lowell, Bishop, Merrill / / Helen Vendler |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Princeton, NJ, : Princeton University Press, 2010 |
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ISBN |
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9786612531491 |
9781282531499 |
1282531492 |
9781400834327 |
1400834325 |
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Edizione |
[Course Book] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (165 p.) |
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Collana |
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The A.W. Mellon lectures in the fine arts ; ; 2003 |
Bollingen series ; ; XXXV, 56 |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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American poetry - 20th century - History and criticism |
Death in literature |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Description based upon print version of record. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Front matter -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- 1. Introduction: Last Looks, Last Books -- 2. Looking at the Worst: Wallace Stevens's The Rock -- 3. The Contest of Melodrama and Restraint: Sylvia Plath's Ariel -- 4. Images of Subtraction: Robert Lowell's Day by Day -- 5. Caught and Freed: Elizabeth Bishop and Geography III -- 6. Self-Portraits While Dying: James Merrill and A Scattering of Salts -- Notes -- The Andrew W. Mellon Lectures in the Fine Arts, 1952-2007 |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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In Last Looks, Last Books, the eminent critic Helen Vendler examines the ways in which five great modern American poets, writing their final books, try to find a style that does justice to life and death alike. With traditional religious consolations no longer available to them, these poets must invent new ways to express the crisis of death, as well as the paradoxical coexistence of a declining body and an undiminished consciousness. In The Rock, Wallace Stevens writes simultaneous narratives of winter and spring; in Ariel, Sylvia Plath sustains melodrama in cool formality; and in Day by Day, Robert Lowell |
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subtracts from plenitude. In Geography III, Elizabeth Bishop is both caught and freed, while James Merrill, in A Scattering of Salts, creates a series of self-portraits as he dies, representing himself by such things as a Christmas tree, human tissue on a laboratory slide, and the evening/morning star. The solution for one poet will not serve for another; each must invent a bridge from an old style to a new one. Casting a last look at life as they contemplate death, these modern writers enrich the resources of lyric poetry. |
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