Basic Principles of Membrane Technology / / by Marcel Mulder

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910954468803321
• Autore: Mulder Marcel
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Dordrecht : , : Springer Netherlands : , : Imprint : Springer, , 1996
• ISBN: 94-009-1766-X
• Edizione: [2nd ed. 1996.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (xiv, 564 p.)
• Disciplina: 541
• Soggetti: Chemistry, Physical and theoretical; Chemistry, Organic; Chemistry, Technical; Physical Chemistry; Organic Chemistry; Industrial Chemistry
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Previous edition: 1991.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: I Introduction -- I. 1 Separation processes -- I. 2 Introduction to membrane processes -- I. 3 History -- I. 4 Definition of a membrane -- I. 5 Membrane processes -- I. 6 Solved problems -- I. 7 Unsolved problems -- I. 8 Literature -- II Materials and material properties -- II. 1 Introduction -- II. 2 Polymers -- II. 3 Stereoisomerism -- II. 4 Chain flexibility -- II. 5 Molecular weight -- II. 6 Chain interactions -- II. 7 State of the polymer -- II. 8 Effect of polymeric structure on Tg -- II. 9 Glass transition temperature depression -- II. 10 Thermal and chemical stability -- II. 11 Mechanical properties -- II. 12 Elastomers -- II. 13 Thermoplastic elastomers -- II. 14 Polyelectrolytes -- II. 15 Polymer blends -- II. 16 Membrane polymers -- II. 17 Inorganic membranes -- II. 18 Biological membranes -- II. 19 Solved problems -- II. 20 Unsolved problems -- II. 21 Literature -- III Preparation of synthetic membranes -- III. 1 Introduction -- III. 2 Preparation of synthetic membranes -- III. 3 Phase inversion membranes.-III.4 Preparation techniques for immersion precipitation -- III.5 Preparation techniques for composite membranes -- III.6 Phase separation in polymer systems -- III.7 Influence of various parameters on membrane morphology -- III. 8 Inorganic membranes -- III.9 Solved problems -- III.10 Unsolved ; problems -- III. 11 Literature -- IV Characterisation of membranes -- IV. 1 Introduction -- IV. 2 Membrane characterization -- IV. 3 Characterisation of porous membranes -- IV. 4 Characterisation of ionic membranes -- IV. 5 Characterisation of nonporous membranes -- IV. 6 Solved problems -- IV. 7 Unsolved problems -- IV. 8 Literature -- V Transport in membranes -- V. 1 Introduction -- V. 2 Driving forces -- V. 3 Nonequilibrium thermodynamics -- V. 4 Transport through porous membranes -- V. 5 Transport through nonporous membranes -- V. 6 Transport through membranes. A unified approach -- V. 7 Transport in ion-exchange membranes -- V. 8 Solved problems -- V. 9 Unsolved problems -- V. 8 Literature -- VI Membrane processes.-VI. 1 Introduction -- VI. 2 Osmosis -- VI. 3 Pressure driven membrane processes -- VI. 4 Concentration as driving force -- VI. 5 Thermally driven membrane processes -- VI. 6 Membrane contactors -- VI. 7 Electrically driven membrane processes -- VI. 8 Membrane reactors and membrane bioreactors -- VI. 9 Solved problems -- VI. 10 Unsolved problems -- VI. 11 Literature -- VII Polarisation phenomena and fouling -- VII. 1 Introduction -- VII. 2 Concentration polarisation -- VII. 3 Turbulence promoters -- VII. 4 Pressure drop -- VII. 5 Characteristic flux behaviour in pressure driven membrane operations -- VII. 6 Gel layer model -- VII. 7 Osmotic pressure model -- VII. 8 Boundary layer resistance model -- VII. 9 Concentration polarisation in diffusive membrane separations -- VII. 10 Concentration polarisation in electrodialysis -- VII. 11 Temperature polarization -- VII. 12 Membrane fouling -- VII. 13 Methods to reduce fouling -- VII. 14 Compaction -- VII. 15 Solved problems -- VII. 16 Unsolved problems -- VII. 17 Literature -- VIII Module and process design -- VIII. 1 Introduction -- VIII. 2 Plate-and-frame model -- VIII. 3 Spiral wound module -- VIII. 4 Tubular module -- VIII. 5 Capillary module -- VIII. 6 Hollow fiber module -- VIII. 7 Comparison of the module configurations -- VIII. 8 System design -- VIII. 9 Cross-flow operations -- VIII. 10 Hybrid dead-end/cross flow system -- VIII. 11 Cascade operations -- VIII. 12 Some examples of system design -- VIII. 13 Process parameters -- VIII. 14 Reverse osmosis -- VIII. 15 Diafiltration -- VIII. 16 Gas separation and vapour permeation -- VIII. 17 Pervaporation -- VIII. 18 Pervaporation -- VIII. 19 Dialysis -- VIII. 20 Energy requirements -- VIII. 21 Solved problems -- VIII. 22 Unsolved problems -- VIII. 23 Literature -- Appendix 1 -- Appendix 2 -- Answers to exercises: solved problems -- Answers to exercises: unsolved problems -- List of symbols.
• Sommario/riassunto: III . 2 Preparation of synthetic membranes 72 III . 3 Phase inversion membranes 75 III. 3. 1 Preparation by evaporation 76 III . 3. 2 Precipitation. from the vapour phase 76 III . 3. 3 Precipitation by controlled evaporation 76 Thermal precipitation 76 III . 3. 4 III . 3. 5 Immersion precipitation 77 Preparation techniques for immersion precipitation 77 III . 4 Flat membranes 77 III . 4. 1 78 III . 4. 2 Tubular membranes 81 III . 5 Preparation techniques for composite membranes 82 III. 5. 1 Interfacial polymerisation Dip-coating 83 III . 5. 2 III . 5. 3 Plasma polymerisation 86 III . 5. 4 Modification of homogeneous dense membranes 87 III . 6 Phase separation in polymer systems 89 III . 6. 1 Introduction 89 III . 6. 1. 1 Thermodynamics 89 III . 6. 2 Demixing processes 99 III . 6. 2. 1 Binary mixtures 99 III . 6. 2. 2 Ternary systems 102 III . 6. 3 Crystallisation 104 III . 6. 4 Gelation 106 III . 6. 5 Vitrification 108 III . 6. 6 Thermal precipitation 109 III . 6. 7 Immersion precipitation 110 III . 6. 8 Diffusional aspects 114 III . 6. 9 Mechanism of membrane formation 117 III. 7 Influence of various parameters on membrane morphology 123 III. 7. 1 Choice of solvent-nonsolvent system 123 III . 7. 2 Choice of the polymer 129 III . 7. 3 Polymer concentration 130 III . 7. 4 Composition of the coagulation bath 132 III ; . 7. 5 Composition of the casting solution 133 III . 7.