Calixarenes 2001 [[electronic resource] /] / edited by Zouhair Asfari ... [et al.]

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910454853403321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: New York, : Kluwer Academic, c2001
• ISBN: 1-280-20009-X; 9786610200092; 0-306-47522-7
• Edizione: [1st ed. 2001.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (694 p.)
• Altri autori (Persone): AsfariZ (Zouhair)
• Disciplina: 547.632
• Soggetti: Calixarenes; Supramolecular chemistry; Electronic books.
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Synthesis of Calixarenes and Thiacalixarenes -- Chemical Modification of Calix[4]arenes and Resorcarenes -- Selectively Modified Calix[5]arenes -- Selective Modifications of Calix[6]arenes -- Chemistry of Larger Calix[n]aremes (n=7, 8, 9) -- Thia-, Mercapto-, and Thiamercapto-Calix[4]arenes -- Double- and Multi-Calixarentes -- Self-Assembly in Solution -- Cavitands -- Carcerands -- Homocalixarenes -- Homooxa- and Homoaza-Calixarenes -- Heterocalixarenes -- Oxidation and Reduction of Aromatic Rings -- Conformations and Stereodynamics -- Dynamic Structures of Host-Guest Systems -- Molecular Dynamics of Cation Complexation and Extraction -- Quantum Chemical Calculations on Alkali Metal Complexes -- Thermodynamics of Calixarene-Ion Interactions -- Crown Ethers Derived from Calix[4]arenes -- Metal-Ion Complexation by Narrow Rim Carbonyl Derivatives -- Phase Transfer Extraction of Heavy Metals -- Calixarene-Based Anion Receptors -- Water-Soluble Calixarenes -- Recognition of Neutral Molecules -- Complexation of Fullerenes -- Calixarenes in Bioogranic and Biomimetic Chemistry -- Coordination Chemistry and Catalysis -- Metal Reactivity on Oxo Surfaces Modeled by Calix[4]arenes -- Phenoxide Complexes of f-; Elements -- Luminescent Probes -- Turning Ionophores into Chromo- and Fluoro-Ionophores -- Mono- and Multi-Layers -- Sensor Applications -- Calixarenes for Nuclear Waste Treatment -- Calixarenes as Stationary Phases.
• Sommario/riassunto: Calixarene chemistry, at the turn of the millennium, is a field approaching true maturity. In many areas, applications are real and important, and the arsenal of structures based on calixarenes provides tools effective in numerous areas of supramolecular chemistry. In this book, chapters contributed by a broad spectrum of international authors provide a variety of perspectives upon the progress and future of calixarene chemistry. Issues covered in depth include: Calixarene synthesis, with all its subtleties and sophistication. Forces at play in the inclusion of neutral and charged molecules by calixarenes. Theoretical analyses of calixarene properties. Dynamics and thermodynamics of calixarenes and their complexes. Nanocomposite construction based on calixarene aggregates. Calixarenes on surfaces. Analytical applications of calixarenes. Catalysis by calixarenes and their complexes. Resource recovery and waste treatment with calixarenes. New directions in calixarene chemistry. Hetero- and homo-calixarenes. Bioactive calixarenes. Coordination chemistry of calixarenes. Calixarenes in the solid state.

Animals as sentinels of environmental health hazards : Committee on Animals as Monitors of Environmental Hazards, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910953540203321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1991
• ISBN: 9786610214365; 9781280214363; 1280214368; 9780309594899; 0309594898; 9780585085265; 0585085269
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (172 p.)
• Disciplina: 615.9/02
• Soggetti: Toxicology - Animal models; Biological monitoring; Health risk assessment
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references (p. 137-158).
• Nota di contenuto: Animals as Sentinels of Environmental Health Hazards -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- INTRODUCTION -- Purpose of the Study -- Current Use of Animal Sentinels in Risk Assessment -- CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS -- Characteristics of Animal Sentinel Systems -- Species -- Exposure Sources -- Duration of Exposure -- Measures of Effect -- Reference Populations -- Objectives of Monitoring Animals Sentinels -- Advantages and Limitations of Animal Sentinel Systems -- Multifactorial Causality -- Measurement of Exposure and Extrapolation to Humans -- FOOD ANIMALS AS SENTINELS -- COMPANION ANIMALS AS SENTINELS -- FISH AND OTHER WILDLIFE AS SENTINELS -- ANIMAL SENTINELS IN RISK ASSESSMENT -- SELECTION AND APPLICATION OF ANIMAL SENTINEL SYSTEMS IN RISK ASSESSMENT -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- ; STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT -- 1 Introduction -- OVERVIEW -- PURPOSE OF THE STUDY -- HISTORICAL USE OF ANIMAL SENTINELS -- CURRENT USE OF ANIMAL SENTINELS IN RISK ASSESSMENT -- STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT -- 2 Concepts and Definitions -- CHARACTERISTICS OF ANIMAL SENTINEL SYSTEMS -- Species -- A sentinel should have a measurable response (including accumulation of tissue residues) to the agent or class of agents... -- A sentinel should have a territory or home range that overlaps the area to be monitored -- A sentinel species should be easily enumerated and captured -- A sentinel species must have sufficient population size and density to permit enumeration -- Exposure Sources -- Duration of Exposure -- Measures of Effect -- Reference Populations -- OBJECTIVES OF MONITORING ANIMAL SENTINELS -- Human Health Effects -- Contamination of the Food Chain -- Environmental Contamination -- Adverse Effects on Animals -- ANIMAL SENTINEL SYSTEMS IN OBSERVATIONAL EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES -- Descriptive Epidemiology -- Analytic Epidemiologic.; ANIMAL SENTINEL SYSTEMS IN EXPERIMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY -- ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS OF ANIMAL SENTINEL SYSTEMS -- Multifactorial Causality -- Measurement of Exposure and Extrapolation to Humans -- 3 Food Animals as Sentinels -- DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES -- U.S. Department of Agriculture -- Food Safety and Inspection Service -- National Animal Health Monitoring System -- Market Cattle Identification Program -- Food and Drug Administration -- Shellfish Monitoring Programs -- The National Animal Poison Information Network -- Outbreak Investigation -- Methyl Mercury in Fish -- Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Chickens -- Polybrominated Biphenyls in Cattle -- ANALYTIC EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES -- Sheep and Heavy Metals -- Cattle and Heavy Metals -- Cattle and Fluoride -- SUMMARY -- 4 Companion Animals as Sentinels -- DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES -- Veterinary Medicine Data Program -- Poison-Control Centers -- ANALYTIC EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES -- Canine Mesothelioma and Asbestos Exposure -- Canine Bladder Cancer and Insecticide Exposure -- Lead Poisoning -- Breast Cancer in Dogs -- Diet and Risk of Breast Cancer -- Diet and Survival with Breast Cancer -- Birds and Polytetrafluoroethylene Exposure -- Low-Level Radiation and Cancer -- Cancer in Vietnam-Service Dogs -- Animal Neoplasm Registry -- SUMMARY -- 5 Fish and Other Wildlife as Sentinels -- DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES -- National Programs -- National Status and Trends Program -- Mussel Watch -- National Contaminant Biomonitoring Program -- Registry of Tumors in Lower Animals -- Penrose Laboratory of Comparative Pathology -- Quarterly Wildlife Mortality Report -- State/Regional/Local Programs -- Great Lakes -- Chesapeake Bay -- Puget Sound -- Sacramento-San Joaquin Estuary -- ANALYTIC EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES -- Initial Identification of Hazardous Agents.; Hazard Identification of Chemical Mixtures -- Indication of Bioavailability of Chemicals at Hazardous-Waste Sites -- Water-Quality Monitoring -- Indicators of Air Pollution -- Risk Characterization of Species Under Study -- Dose-Response Relationships -- Contamination of Human Food Chain -- IN SITU STUDIES -- Fish -- Planarians -- Starlings -- Earthworms -- Honey Bees -- SUMMARY -- 6 Animal Sentinels in Risk Assessment -- USE OF ANIMAL SENTINEL SYSTEMS IN EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT -- Animals as General Environmental Monitors -- Animals as Monitors of Their Own Exposure -- Animals as Monitors of Exposure of Their Consumers -- Animals as Surrogate Monitors of Human Exposure -- USE OF ANIMAL SENTINEL SYSTEMS IN HAZARD IDENTIFICATION -- Early Warnings: Initial Identification of Hazardous ; Agents -- Hazard Identification for Chemical Mixtures -- USE OF ANIMAL SENTINEL SYSTEMS IN DOSE-RESPONSE ASSESSMENT -- USE OF ANIMAL SENTINEL SYSTEMS IN RISK CHARACTERIZATION -- Risks to Animal Species Under Study -- Risk to Consumers of Animal Species Under Study -- Risk to Humans: Animal Sentinels as Surrogates -- USE OF ANIMAL SENTINEL SYSTEMS IN RISK MANAGEMENT -- Management of Risks to Animal Species Under Study -- Management of Risks to Consumers of Animal Species Under Study -- Management of Risks to Human Health: Animal Sentinels as Surrogates -- Animal Sentinel Systems as Monitors of Effectiveness of Risk Management Actions -- SUMMARY -- 7 Selection and Application of Animal Sentinel Systems in Risk Assessment -- SYSTEM DESIGN -- IMPLEMENTATION -- VALIDATION -- PROGRAM INTEGRATION -- 8 Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- Appendix Workshop Participants.
• Sommario/riassunto: Studying animals in the environment may be a realistic and highly beneficial approach to identifying unknown chemical contaminants before they cause human harm. Animals as Sentinels of Environmental Health Hazards presents an overview of animal-monitoring programs, including detailed case studies of how animal health problems--such as the effects of DDT on wild bird populations--have led researchers to the sources of human health hazards. The authors examine the components and characteristics required for an effective animal-monitoring program, and they evaluate numerous existing programs, including in situ research, where an animal is placed in a natural setting for monitoring purposes.