Jamaica in maps / Colin G. Clarke ; cartography by Alan G. Hodgkiss

• Record Nr.: UNINA990008263820403321
• Autore: Clarke, Colin G.
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: London : University, 1974
• ISBN: 0-340-15390-3
• Descrizione fisica: 104 p. : ill. ; 27 x 22 cm
• Locazione: ILFGE
• Collocazione: K-07-075
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia

Using Tonal Data to Recover Japanese Language History

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910886345503321
• Autore: Boer Elisabeth M. de
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Amsterdam/Philadelphia : , : John Benjamins Publishing Company, , 2024; ©2024
• ISBN: 90-272-4677-7
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (140 pages)
• Collana: Current Issues in Linguistic Theory Series ; ; v.365
• Altri autori (Persone): UngerJ. Marshall
• Disciplina: 495.67
• Soggetti: Japanese language - Dialects; Tone (Phonetics)
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Editor's preface -- Introduction -- Chapter 1 A brief history of Japanese dialect research and dialect classification -- 1.1 Dialect distinctions in Old Japanese -- 1.2 Tōjō's division of Japanese into 'dialect areas' -- 1.3 A division into 'front of Japan' and 'back of Japan' ; dialects -- 1.4 A division of the dialects in concentric rings -- 1.5 The concentric ring model of Tōkyō type dialects -- Chapter 2 Tone or pitch-accent? -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Changes in the terminology used to describe the tone system of Japanese -- 2.3 The tone system of Middle Japanese -- Chapter 3 The tone systems of the modern dialects -- 3.1 On counting syllables or morae -- 3.2 The Tōkyō type tone systems -- 3.2.1 The archaic tone system of Nozaki -- 3.2.2 The three Tōkyō subtypes -- 3.3 Word-melody type tone systems -- 3.4 The Kyōto type tone systems -- Chapter 4 On the interpretation of Middle Japanese tone notations -- 4.1 Synopsis of the standard Japanese theory (teisetsu) -- 4.2 Buddhist tone descriptions -- 4.3 Musical notation systems that developed from the tone dots -- Chapter 5 Tracing the tone class divisions -- 5.1 Mergers -- 5.2 The distribution of the tone dots in Middle Japanese -- 5.3 Overview of the MJ tone classes -- 5.4 Additional subdivisions -- Chapter 6 Outline of tonal developments in the history of Japanese -- 6.1 A reconstruction of the MJ tones that accords with modern dialect data -- 6.2 The transition from MJ to modern Tōkyō -- 6.3 More evidence that the tone of particles played a role in word-final /H/ tone loss -- 6.4 Ramsey's MJ and the modern Kyōto type tone systems -- 6.5 When and from where did the /H/ tone reduction start? -- 6.6 What makes the Gairin special? -- Chapter 7 The importance of compounds in pJ reconstruction -- 7.1 Different rules for noun compounds in different dialects.; 7.2 The tones of compounds preserved archaic distinctions -- 7.3 MJ vs. modern compound rules -- 7.4 Why are the compound tone rules of MJ so complex? -- Chapter 8 The tone rules for compound nouns in Middle Japanese -- 8.1 The tones of 2-3 compounds in MJ -- 8.2 The tones of 2-2 MJ compounds -- 8.2.1 Codas in class 2.1 -- 8.2.2 Codas in class 2.2 -- 8.2.3 Codas in 2.3 -- 8.2.4 Remaining codas -- 8.3 Summary -- Chapter 9 The tones of compounds with long codas in the modern dialects -- 9.1 The tone of 2-3 compounds -- Chapter 10 The tones of compounds with short codas in the modern dialects -- 10.1 The tone of 3-2 compounds -- 10.2 Conclusions -- Chapter 11 The genealogy of the dialects on the Sea of Japan coast and Kyūshū -- 11.1 Archaeological and mythological evidence for a migration from Izumo to Koshi -- 11.2 Dating /H/ tone reduction in Izumo -- 11.3 Support from musicology and DNA research for the hypothesis of migration from Izumo to the Tōhoku region -- 11.4 Implications for the genealogy of the dialects of Kyūshū -- Editor's afterword -- References -- Appendix - Japanese tone database -- References -- Database -- Index.
• Sommario/riassunto: The author establishes a theory of dialect divergence that avoids the problems caused by assumptions commonly encountered in Japanese historical dialectology. It explains why Japanese is best understood as a restricted tone language, and why mergers in the large tone classes of nouns and verbs are especially reliable markers of dialect divergence.