5.19.4 Magnetic Particle Inspection -- 5.19.5 Eddy-Current Inspection -- 5.19.6 Thermal Testing -- 5.19.7 Advanced Optical Methods -- 5.19.8 Resistivity Method -- 5.19.9 Chemical Analysis and Topography of Surfaces -- 5.19.10 Acoustic-Emission Monitoring -- 5.19.11 Pressure Testing -- 6 Casting Processes -- 6.1 Shell Mould Casting -- 6.1.1 Introduction -- 6.1.2 Process Details -- 6.1.3 Advantages -- 6.1.4 Limitations -- 6.1.5 Materials to be Cast by This Method -- 6.1.6 Typical Applications -- 6.2 Plaster Mould Casting -- 6.3 Ceramic Mould Casting -- 6.3.1 Introduction -- 6.3.2 Other Names of the Process -- 6.3.3 Process Details -- 6.3.4 Advantages -- 6.3.5 Limitations -- 6.3.6 Materials to be Cast by This Method -- 6.3.7 Typical Applications -- 6.4 Permanent Mould Casting -- 6.4.1 Introduction -- 6.4.2 Other Names of the Process -- 6.4.3 Process Details -- 6.4.4 Advantages -- 6.4.5 Limitations -- 6.4.6 Materials to be Cast by This Method -- 6.4.7 Typical Applications -- 6.5 Slush Casting -- 6.6 Vacuum Casting -- 6.7 High-Pressure Die Casting -- 6.7.1 Introduction -- 6.7.2 Other Names of the Process -- 6.7.3 Process Details -- 6.7.4 Advantages -- 6.7.5 Limitations -- 6.7.6 Materials to be Cast by This Method -- 6.7.7 Typical Applications -- 6.7.8 Types of High-Pressure Die Casting -- 6.8 Hot-Chamber Die Casting -- 6.9 Cold-Chamber Die Casting -- 6.10 Low-Pressure Die Casting -- 6.10.1 Introduction -- 6.10.2 Other Names of the Process -- 6.10.3 Process Details -- 6.10.4 Advantages -- 6.10.5 Limitations -- 6.10.6 Materials to be Cast by This Method -- 6.10.7 Typical Applications -- 6.11 Full Mould Casting -- 6.11.1 Introduction -- 6.11.2 Other Names of the Process -- 6.11.3 Process Details -- 6.11.4 Advantages -- 6.11.5 Limitations -- 6.11.6 Materials to be Cast by This Method -- 6.11.7 Typical Applications -- 6.12 Investment Casting.
6.12.1 Introduction -- 6.12.2 Other Names of the Process -- 6.12.3 Process Details -- 6.12.4 Advantages -- 6.12.5 Limitations -- 6.12.6 Materials to be Cast by This Method -- 6.12.7 Typical Applications -- 6.13 Centrifugal Casting -- 6.13.1 Advantages -- 6.13.2 Limitations -- 6.13.3 Metals to be Cast by This Method -- 6.13.4 Typical Applications -- 6.13.5 Types of Centrifugal Casting -- 6.14 True Centrifugal Casting -- 6.15 Semi-Centrifugal Casting -- 6.16 Centrifuging -- 6.17 Electromagnetic Casting -- 6.18 Squeeze Casting -- 6.19 Continuous Casting -- 6.19.1 Introduction -- 6.19.2 Other Names of the Process -- 6.19.3 Process Details -- 6.19.4 Advantages -- 6.19.5 Limitations -- 6.19.6 Materials to be Cast by This Method -- 6.19.7 Typical Applications -- 7 Design Considerations in Casting -- 7.1 Design of Section Geometry -- 7.2 Design of Gating System -- 7.2.1 Theoretical Considerations in the Design of Gating System -- 7.3 Design of Pouring Basin -- 7.4 Sprue Design -- 7.5 Design of Runners and Gates -- 7.6 Design of Parting Plane -- 7.7 Design of Riser -- 7.7.1 Shrinkage Characteristics of Grey Cast Iron and Riser -- 7.7.2 Riser Shape -- 7.7.3 Riser Size -- 7.7.4 Positioning of Risers -- 7.8 Draft Consideration in Design -- 7.9 Design of Core and Cored Hole -- 7.10 Machining Allowance Consideration in Casting -- 7.11 Design for Dimensional Tolerances -- 7.12 Economic Aspects of Casting -- 8 Introduction to Joining Processes -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Welding Process -- 8.3 Classification of Welding Processes -- 8.4 Weldability -- 8.5 Selection Criteria in Welding -- 8.6 Weld Inspection -- 8.6.1 Destructive Testing -- 8.6.2 Tension Test -- 8.6.3 Tension-Shear Test -- 8.6.4 Tension Tests for Resistance Welds -- 8.6.5 Bend Test -- 8.6.6 Impact Test -- 8.6.7 Hardness Test -- 8.6.8 Fatigue Test -- 8.6.9