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Record Nr. |
UNINA9910861090303321 |
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Autore |
Khan Raju |
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Titolo |
Electrochemical Exfoliation of Graphene and Its Derivatives : Commercial Applications |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Singapore : , : Springer Singapore Pte. Limited, , 2024 |
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©2024 |
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ISBN |
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Edizione |
[1st ed.] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (350 pages) |
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Collana |
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Engineering Materials Series |
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Altri autori (Persone) |
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KumarNeeraj |
SadiqueMohd. Abubakar |
PariharArpana |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- 1 Overview of Electrochemical Exfoliation Approaches -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Electrochemical Exfoliation -- 1.2.1 Liquid-Phase Exfoliation -- 1.2.2 Electrochemical Bubbling -- 1.2.3 Electrochemical Delamination -- 1.2.4 Pulse Electrochemical Exfoliation -- 1.2.5 Electrochemical Intercalation -- 1.3 Electrochemical Exfoliation Mechanism -- 1.3.1 Anode Exfoliation Mechanism -- 1.3.2 Cathodic Electrode Exfoliation Mechanism -- 1.3.3 Double Electrode Exfoliation Mechanism -- 1.3.4 Electrochemical Exfoliation via Alternative Intercalation -- 1.3.5 Electrochemical Exfoliation via Multistep Intercalation -- 1.4 Factors Affecting Electrochemical Exfoliation -- 1.4.1 Types and Nature of Electrode -- 1.4.2 Types of Electrolytes -- 1.4.3 Concentration of Electrolytes -- 1.4.4 Applied Working Bias/potential -- 1.4.5 Applied Electrical Current -- 1.4.6 Exfoliation Temperature and Amount of Hydrogen Peroxide -- 1.5 Influence of Electrolytes onto the 2D Materials -- 1.6 Influence of Intercalation on the 2D Materials -- 1.7 The Application of Electrochemically Exfoliated 2D Materials -- 1.7.1 2D Materials for Energy Storage -- 1.7.2 Energy Conversion Using 2D Materials -- 1.8 Summary and Future Prospect -- References -- 2 Advantages of Electrochemical Exfoliation Method Over Conventional Methods -- |
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2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Synthesis Methods for Graphene and Its Derivatives -- 2.3 Top-Down Approaches -- 2.3.1 Mechanical Exfoliation -- 2.3.2 Chemical Exfoliation -- 2.3.3 Chemical Synthesis -- 2.3.4 Electrochemical Exfoliation -- 2.4 Bottom-Up Approaches -- 2.4.1 Epitaxial Growth -- 2.4.2 Pyrolysis -- 2.4.3 Chemical Vapor Deposition -- 2.4.4 Arc Discharge -- 2.5 Comparison of Electrochemical Exfoliation with Other Methods -- 2.6 Conclusion -- References. |
3 Graphene and Its Derivatives: Various Routes of Synthesis -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Brief History of Graphene -- 3.3 Graphene Derivatives -- 3.3.1 Graphene Oxide (GO) -- 3.3.2 Reduced Graphene Oxide (r-GO) -- 3.3.3 Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs) -- 3.3.4 Few-Layer Graphene -- 3.4 Various Routes of Synthesis of Graphene and Its Derivatives -- 3.4.1 Electrochemical Exfoliation -- 3.4.2 Mechanical Exfoliation -- 3.4.3 Arc Discharge -- 3.4.4 Unzipping of Carbon Nanotube -- 3.4.5 Chemical Oxidative-Exfoliation-Reduction -- 3.4.6 Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) -- 3.4.7 Pyrolysis -- 3.4.8 Plasma Synthesis -- 3.4.9 Epitaxial Growth on the Silicon Carbide -- 3.5 Advantages and Disadvantages of Various Synthesis Methods of Grapheme and Its Derivates -- 3.6 Conclusions -- 3.7 Promising Outlook and Challenges -- References -- 4 Structure and Electrochemical Properties of Graphene, Derivatives, and Its Nanocomposites -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Structure of Graphene -- 4.3 Electrochemical Properties -- 4.4 Derivatives of Graphene -- 4.4.1 Graphene Oxide -- 4.4.2 Graphene Quantum Dots -- 4.4.3 Reduced Graphene Oxide -- 4.5 Other Graphene Derivatives -- 4.5.1 Graphone -- 4.5.2 Graphyne -- 4.5.3 Graphdiyne -- 4.5.4 Graphane -- 4.6 Nanocomposites of Graphene -- 4.7 Conclusion -- References -- 5 Electrochemical Exfoliation a Green Approach: Waste to Wealth -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.1.1 Graphene -- 5.2 Graphene-Based Materials -- 5.3 Graphene-Polymer Composites -- 5.4 Graphene-Semiconductor Nanomaterial Composites -- 5.5 Graphene Synthesis -- 5.5.1 Chemical Exfoliation -- 5.5.2 Mechanical Exfoliation -- 5.5.3 Electrochemical Exfoliation -- 5.5.4 Liquid Phase Exfoliation -- 5.5.5 Epitaxial Growth -- 5.5.6 Problems Associated with These Methods -- 5.6 Synthesis of Graphene Using Electrochemical Exfoliation -- 5.6.1 Using Pencil Electrode. |
5.6.2 Using Direct Electrodeposition -- 5.7 Applications of Graphene in Various Fields -- 5.7.1 Drug/Gene Delivery and Cancer Therapy -- 5.7.2 Biosensing and Biomolecule Detection -- 5.7.3 In the Biological Imaging Field -- 5.8 Impact of Different Parameters on Graphene Oxide Yield -- 5.8.1 Types of Electrolytes -- 5.8.2 Electrolyte Concentration -- 5.8.3 Operating Temperature -- 5.9 Green Approaches of Graphene-Few Examples -- 5.9.1 Electrochemical Exfoliation of Pencil Core -- 5.9.2 Synthesis of Graphene Nanosheets -- 5.9.3 Palm Oil Leaves Extract -- 5.10 Graphene Glass Hybrid-A Reactive Barrier -- 5.11 Conclusion -- References -- 6 Mechanism of Synthesis for Graphene and Its Derivatives by Electrochemical Exfoliation -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Electrochemical Exfoliation of Graphene: Techniques and Mechanism -- 6.2.1 Experimental Setup and Mechanism of Exfoliation -- 6.3 Factors Affecting the Synthesis of Graphene and Its Derivative -- 6.3.1 Type of Graphite Material -- 6.3.2 Temperature -- 6.3.3 Type of Solvent -- 6.3.4 Voltage Bias -- 6.3.5 Role of Electrolyte Acid Concentration -- 6.3.6 PH -- 6.4 Synthesis of Graphene Materials by Electrochemical Exfoliation (EE) -- 6.4.1 Graphene -- 6.4.2 Graphene Oxide (GO) -- 6.4.3 Heteroatom-Doped Graphene -- 6.4.4 Other 2D Graphene Derivatives -- 6.4.5 Conclusion and Future Perspectives -- References -- 7 Unique |
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Characteristics of Electrochemically Exfoliated Multidimensional Graphene and Its Derivatives -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Atomic Interactions in Diverse Types of Graphene -- 7.2.1 Graphene Oxide -- 7.2.2 Graphdiyne -- 7.2.3 Graphane -- 7.2.4 Graphyne -- 7.3 Properties of Graphene and Its Derivatives -- 7.3.1 Optical Properties -- 7.3.2 Mechanical Properties -- 7.3.3 Electronic Properties -- 7.3.4 Photochemistry -- 7.3.5 Large Surface Area -- 7.3.6 Easy Bio-Functionalization. |
7.3.7 Availability of Delocalized π-Electrons -- 7.3.8 High Drug Loading Capacity -- 7.3.9 Affinity Toward Water -- 7.4 Unique Characteristics of Multidimensional Graphene Structures and Their Derivatives -- 7.4.1 Graphene Quantum Dots -- 7.4.2 Graphene Nanoribbons -- 7.4.3 Graphene Fibers -- 7.4.4 Graphene Nanomeshes -- 7.4.5 Rippled/Wrinkled Graphene -- 7.4.6 Graphene Membranes -- 7.4.7 3D Graphene Architectures -- 7.5 Properties of Electrochemically Exfoliated Graphene Doped with Heteroatoms -- 7.5.1 Nitrogen -- 7.5.2 Boron -- 7.5.3 Sulfur -- 7.5.4 Phosphorous -- 7.6 Conclusion -- References -- 8 Electrochemistry and Energy Storage Applications of Graphene and Its Derivatives -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Graphene and Its Derivatives -- 8.3 Graphene -- 8.4 Graphene Oxide -- 8.5 Reduced Graphene Oxide -- 8.6 Synthesis of Graphene and Its Derivatives -- 8.7 Top-Down Approach -- 8.8 Bottom-Up Approach -- 8.9 Electrochemistry and Electrochemical Properties -- 8.10 Composites of Graphene in Energy Storage Systems -- 8.11 Batteries -- 8.11.1 Lithium-Ion Batteries -- 8.11.2 Sodium-Ion Batteries -- 8.11.3 Other Types of Batteries -- 8.12 Supercapacitors -- 8.13 Some Other Energy Storage Systems -- 8.14 Conclusions -- References -- 9 Electrochemically Exfoliated Graphene and Its Derivatives: Applications in Biosensing and Bioimaging -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Electrochemical Exfoliation: A Facile Method for Synthesis of Graphene and Its Derivatives -- 9.3 Properties of Electrochemically Exfoliated Graphene and Its Derivatives -- 9.4 Application of Graphene and Its Derivatives in the Biosensing Field -- 9.5 Application of Graphene and Its Derivatives in the Bioimaging Field -- 9.6 Future Prospects and Challenges -- 9.7 Concluding Remark -- References -- 10 Electrochemical Exfoliation of Graphene and Its Derivatives and Its Extended Applications in Therapeutics. |
10.1 Introduction -- 10.1.1 The Graphene Family of Nanomaterials -- 10.2 Structural Properties of Graphene and Its Derivatives Favouring Therapeutic Applications -- 10.3 Graphene-Based Therapeutics -- 10.4 Graphene and Its Derivatives as Therapeutics Drug Delivery Vehicle -- 10.4.1 Cargo Attachment -- 10.4.2 Cell Targeting -- 10.4.3 Cargo Delivery -- 10.5 Graphene and Its Derivatives for Gene Delivery -- 10.6 Derivatives of Graphene for Tissue Engineering -- 10.7 Graphene and Its Derivatives for Cancer Therapy -- 10.8 Future Prospects and Challenges -- References -- 11 Methodology Advancements for Bulk Production and Commercialization of Graphene and Its Derivatives -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Basic Methodologies for Bulk Production of Graphene and Its Derivatives -- 11.3 Top-Down Approach -- 11.3.1 Mechanical or Micromechanical Exfoliation Method -- 11.3.2 Liquid Phase Exfoliation Method -- 11.3.3 Electrochemical Exfoliation Method -- 11.4 Bottom-Up Approach -- 11.4.1 Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) -- 11.4.2 Epitaxial Technique -- 11.5 Challenges in the Bulk Synthesis of Graphene and Graphene Derivatives -- 11.5.1 Scalable Synthesis Methods -- 11.5.2 Cost of Production -- 11.5.3 Handling, Storage, and Transfer -- 11.5.4 Standardization and Quality Control -- 11.5.5 Impact on the Environment -- 11.6 Advancements in Methodologies for Bulk Production of Graphene -- |
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11.6.1 Improved CVD Techniques -- 11.6.2 PECVD -- 11.6.3 Thermal-Chemical Vapour Deposition (T-CVD) -- 11.6.4 Flash Graphene -- 11.6.5 Roll to Roll Production -- 11.6.6 Green Synthesis Methods -- 11.6.7 Hybrid Approaches -- 11.6.8 CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) Using Mechanical Techniques -- 11.6.9 Electrochemical Exfoliation Followed by Chemical Vapor Deposition -- 11.7 Global Graphene Market -- 11.8 Commercialization of Graphene Products and Their Applications -- 11.9 Conclusion. |
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