1.

Record Nr.

UNINA9910586636603321

Autore

Pettorossi Alberto

Titolo

Automata Theory and Formal Languages : Fundamental Notions, Theorems, and Techniques / / by Alberto Pettorossi

Pubbl/distr/stampa

Cham : , : Springer International Publishing : , : Imprint : Springer, , 2022

ISBN

9783031119651

9783031119644

Edizione

[1st ed. 2022.]

Descrizione fisica

1 online resource (287 pages)

Collana

Undergraduate Topics in Computer Science, , 2197-1781

Disciplina

004.019

Soggetti

Machine theory

Computer science

Computable functions

Recursion theory

Formal Languages and Automata Theory

Computer Science Logic and Foundations of Programming

Computability and Recursion Theory

Theory and Algorithms for Application Domains

Lingua di pubblicazione

Inglese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia

Nota di contenuto

1 Formal Grammars and Languages -- 2 Finite Automata and Regular Grammars -- 3 Pushdown Automata and Context-Free Grammars -- 4 Linear Bounded Automata and Context-Sensitive Grammars -- 5 Turing Machines and Type 0 Grammars -- 6 Decidability and Undecidability in Context-Free Languages -- 7 Supplementary Topics.

Sommario/riassunto

Knowledge of automata theory and formal languages is crucial for understanding human-computer interaction, as well as for understanding the various processes that take place when manipulating knowledge if that knowledge is, indeed, expressed as sentences written in a suitably formalized language. In particular, it is at the basis of the theory of parsing, which plays an important role in language translation, compiler construction, and knowledge manipulation in general. Presenting basic notions and fundamental results, this concise textbook is structured on the basis of a correspondence that exists



between classes of automata and classes of languages. That correspondence is established by the fact that the recognition and the manipulation of sentences in a given class of languages can be done by an automaton in the corresponding class of automata. Four central chapters center on: finite automata and regular languages; pushdown automata and context-free languages; linearbounded automata and context-sensitive languages; and Turing machines and type 0 languages. The book also examines decidable and undecidable problems with emphasis on the case for context-free languages. Topics and features: Provides theorems, examples, and exercises to clarify automata-languages correspondences Presents some fundamental techniques for parsing both regular and context-free languages Classifies subclasses of decidable problems, avoiding focus on the theory of complexity Examines finite-automata minimalization and characterization of their behavior using regular expressions Illustrates how to derive grammars of context-free languages in Chomsky and Greibach normal forms Offers supplementary material on counter machines, stack automata, and abstract language families This highly useful, varied text/reference is suitable for undergraduate and graduate courses on automata theory and formal languages, and assumes no prior exposure to these topics nor any training in mathematics or logic. Alberto Pettorossi is professor of theoretical computer science at the University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.



2.

Record Nr.

UNINA9910855369203321

Autore

Förster Friedrich

Titolo

Cryo-Electron Tomography : Structural Biology in situ / / edited by Friedrich Förster, Ariane Briegel

Pubbl/distr/stampa

Cham : , : Springer International Publishing : , : Imprint : Springer, , 2024

ISBN

9783031511714

Edizione

[1st ed. 2024.]

Descrizione fisica

1 online resource (391 pages)

Collana

Focus on Structural Biology, , 2542-9566 ; ; 11

Altri autori (Persone)

BriegelAriane

Disciplina

616.0757

Soggetti

Biomolecules

Physical biochemistry

Macromolecules

Biology - Technique

Biophysics

Immunology

Materials - Microscopy

Structural Biology

Biophysical Methods

Microscopy

Lingua di pubblicazione

Inglese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia

Nota di contenuto

1. Fundamentals of Instrumentation and electron optics For cryo-electron tomography -- 2. Principles of tomographic reconstruction  -- 3. Cryo-preparation for cellular tomography -- 4. Cryo-FIB milling -- 5. In Situ Cryo-Electron Tomography and Advanced Micromanipulator Techniques -- 6. Labeling approaches and correlation with light microscopy (Cryo) CLEM -- 7. Data collection -- 8. Subvolume averaging and classification -- 9. High resolution tomography/ Molecular model building and visualization -- 10. Beam-induced Motion Mechanism and Correction for Improved Cryo-Electron Microscopy and Cryo-Electron Tomography -- 11. Tomogram segmentation -- 12. Electron tomography of cryo-fixed and resin-embedded samples -- 13. Democratization of tomographic data / FAIR data.



Sommario/riassunto

This book presents key aspects and recent developments of cryogenic sample electron tomography (cryo-ET) methodology, authored by leading experts in the field. Understanding structure and function of biomolecules in the context of cells is a new frontier in cellular and structural biology. To facilitate such research, cryo-ET is a key method to visualize the molecules of life in their native settings. Cryo-ET enables the imaging of samples that are preserved in a near-native state, at (macro)-molecular resolution and in three dimensions. Thus, this technique is a unique tool to gain insights into how biomolecules collaborate in orchestrating fundamental biological processes, how mutations cause diseases, pathogens cause infections, and to develop novel therapeutics to treat such illnesses. This book provides a unique reference for the emerging field of cryo-ET. The topics covered range from the fundamental principles of imaging to sample preparation, data analysis, and data sharing within the scientific community. It serves as a valuable resource for the next generation of structural biologists, making it suitable both for undergraduate students studying biochemistry, biophysics, and molecular biology and highly valuable for the more experienced and specialized PhD student. Furthermore, it stands as a state-of-the–art source of knowledge for the established senior scientist within the field of structural biology.